A problem of wave identification is formulated. We propose a diagnostic analysis of medium disturbances based on distinguishing of components of a wave vector that is specific for each kind of the wave mode. Mathematically it is realized by projection operator technique. An example is considered in conditions of a one-dimensional Cauchy problem for a conventional wave equation in the matrix form and its version with weakly x-dependent coefficients as a demonstration of the method application for the simplest adiabatic theory of one-dimensional acoustics. The case of acoustics in a gas with a dissipation account is also discussed from the point of view of the wave and entropy mode diagnostics.
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