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Hydrological modeling with SWAT: A case study of Shahpur catchment

Shabir Muhammad Husnain, Shakoor Abdul, Hafeez Imran

Meteorology Hydrology and Water Management. Research and Operational Applications

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2025

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Vol. 13, Iss. 1

20--39

EN

In this study, the hydrology of Shahpur catchment is modeled to calculate the hydrological discharge of Shahpur Dam and to establish the water balance component using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT). Shahpur catchment is located on the Nandana River basin in Pakistan, about 45 km from Islamabad and 8 km north of Fateh Jang. The Arc SWAT 2012 version 10.5.24, which was created for Arc Map 10.5, was used to delineate the study area and its sub-components, combine the data layers, and edit the model database and SWAT CUP SUFI2 algorithm for calibration and validation.. Calibration from 2000-2004 and validation from 2006-2010 employed historic daily flow data and climatic data collected from the Shahpur Dam site office and Pakistan Meteorological Department (PMD) Islamabad. Based on literature reviews, 11 parameters with stronger influence on runoff were chosen. Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE), percent bias (PBIAS), and root-mean-square/standard deviation ratio (RSR) were used as statistical indicators. Results indicated satisfactory agreement between measured and simulated discharge values at yearly and monthly scales, demonstrating robust performance during both calibration (R2 = 0.95) and validation (R2 = 0.82) periods. The findings support the applicability of the model for effective watershed management in Shahpur based on favorable indicators and comparative outcomes.

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Integrated approach for assessing suitable location of the subsurface dams in the Al Kur watershed, Iraq

Kasim Mustafa Najdat, Obead Imad Habeeb, Taha Ibtehaj

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2025

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Vol. 26, iss. 2

363--378

EN

This study used advanced hydrological models, such as AGWA2 with SWAT and KINEROS2 extensions, to assess the water basins that lack observed field measurements. This approach provides a practical understanding of data systems for ungauged watersheds. Consequently, the research aimed to evaluate and identify suitable sites for subsurface dams in the Al Kur basin in northern Iraq. Additionally, this will contribute to the development of these areas, creating opportunities for the return of residents and sustainable organization of population and agricultural activities after two decades of unstable conditions as a result of conflicts and military operations where local governments are actively working towards achieving this goal. The analytical hierarchy process (AHP) identified Basin No. 20 as the most suitable location based on multiple decision criteria, including evapotranspiration, percolations, water yield, transmission losses, and sediment yield, which were obtained by applying the SWAT model for the study watershed. The evaluated SWAT model results indicate that Basin No. 20 received the highest rating based on these criteria. Using the KINEROS2 model, the response Basin No. 20 to individual rainstorm events was analyzed. Its ability to utilize runoff for groundwater recharging with minimal sediment load was confirmed, with only 0.286% of sediment load volume from the total outflow volume. This makes it a promising site for constructing a subsurface dam and contributes to improving water resource management in the region.

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The Oum Er-Rbia Watershed Web Mapping System – A Model for Open-Source Water Quality Dissemination

Ouhakki Hicham, Hamid Taouil, Zerraf Soufi-ane, El Mejdoub Nouredine, El Fellah Kamal

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2024

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Vol. 25, iss. 9

277--289

EN

The Oum Er-Rbia watershed faces a critical challenge in effectively disseminating the results of groundwater and surface water quality assessments to stakeholders and the public. This research aimed to address this challenge by developing a method for synthesizing and visualizing knowledge through web mapping. The methodology followed involved collecting data on surface and groundwater quality, hydrogeology, human impact, and topography. Subsequently, a needs analysis was conducted to identify the requirements of potential users (land managers, water users, researchers) to define system functionalities. Spatial data was organized into thematic layers (e.g., hydrography, geology) with detailed attributes to address user queries and generate maps. Open-source technologies were employed to build a web-based system (SCIEM) allowing users to visualize, analyze, and explore water quality data. Finally, user evaluation confirmed SCIEM’s effectiveness in disseminating and analyzing water quality information within the watershed. The developed web mapping system has successfully addressed the challenge of disseminating research results by establishing an online, interactive multi-scale mapping system for groundwater and surface water characterization. This system facilitates the presentation of maps with a simple click, making them accessible to both geospatial experts and non-specialists. As a result, stakeholders such as water managers, land-use planners, and even farmers and citizens can now access a comprehensive view of groundwater and surface water information. Additionally, the utilization of free and open-source software has proven to be a cost-effective and efficient approach. The interactive multi-scale mapping system (IMSMS) provides a valuable tool for disseminating water quality data within the Oum Er-Rbia watershed. Building on this success, future research can explore the potential of adapting the IMSMS framework to other regions facing water quality challenges. Additionally, incorporating new data types beyond water management could provide a more holistic understanding of the interconnected factors influencing water resources.