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Integrated approach to quality indices and health risk assessment of water in the Bahr Yusuf Canal, Fayoum, Egypt

Hassouna Mohamed E.M., Goher Mohamed E., El-Sayed Seliem M., Hassan Reda A.A.A.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2019

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Vol. 48, No. 4

337--354

EN

The Bahr Yusuf Canal is the life artery of the Fayoum Province, which provides the province with two thirds of the freshwater quota from the Nile River. The present work was carried out to assess the suitability of water in the Bahr Yusuf Canal for various purposes and to assess the potential health risk associated with metal content. The results showed that the water quality of Bahr Yusuf was classified as poor and very poor for recreational use according to the Oregon WQI. On the other hand, the Aquatic Toxicity Index indicated the suitability of water for all fish species. The Canadian WQI and the Weighted Arithmetic WQI classified the canal water as good (WQI = 92), fair (WQI = 73) & marginal (WQI = 64) and excellent, poor to good & good to excellent for irrigation, drinking and aquatic life, respectively. Despite the significant contamination of water with heavy metals (as indicated by the Heavy Pollution Index, ranging from 104.44 to 206.32, from 16.81 to 38.48 and from 219.07 to 472.24 μg l−1), the Hazard Quotient (HQ) and the Hazard Index (HI) data indicate that water of Bahr Yusuf does not pose a human health risk through ingestion or dermal contact. In general, the study showed that water in the Bahr Yusuf Canal is characterized by different levels of pollution, which requires rapid and critical intervention by responsible authorities to prevent the discharge of different types of waste and further deterioration of the water quality during the lifetime of the channel and its subsequent rehabilitation.

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Wpływ Zbiornika Goczałkowickiego na zmiany jakości wód w rzece Wiśle

Bogdał A., Kowalik T., Witoszek K.

Inżynieria Ekologiczna

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2015

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Nr 45

124--134

PL

Celem pracy jest ocena wpływu Zbiornika Goczałkowickiego na zamiany jakości wód powierzchniowych. Aby osiągnąć założony cel, przeprowadzono metodami referencyjnymi badania 20 fizykochemicznych wskaźników jakości wody. Próby wody pobierano comiesięcznie od kwietnia do listopada 2011 roku, w pięciu punktach pomiarowo-kontrolnych: pierwszy był usytuowano na dopływie rzeki Wisły do zbiornika, trzy kolejne rozmieszczono równomiernie wzdłuż czaszy zbiornika, natomiast punkt piąty usytuowano na odpływie wody ze zbiornika. Wartości każdego badanego wskaźnika scharakteryzowano przy pomocy podstawowych statystyk opisowych. Ponadto dane empiryczne poddano szczegółowym procedurom statystycznym przy użyciu analizy skupień oraz parametrycznego testu t-Studenta. Na podstawie analizy danych z przeprowadzonych badań ustalono, że z uwagi na złożoność procesów zbiornik retencyjny wpływa niejednoznacznie na jakość wody. W wyniku przepływu wód rzeki Wisły przez Zbiornik Goczałkowicki istotnie zmniejszyły się stężenia azotynów i azotu azotanowego, co potwierdzono statystycznie na poziomie istotności α = 0,05. Zbiornik również wpłyną korzystnie na obniżenie stężeń fosforanów, fosforu ogólnego, żelaza ogólnego i większości wskaźników zasolenia oraz pogorszył warunki tlenowe, co jednak nie zostało potwierdzone statystycznie.

EN

The paper aims at the assessment of the Goczałkowice Reservoir effect on the changes of surface water quality. For this purpose, tests of 20 physicochemical water quality indices were conducted using reference methods. Water samples were collected every month from April to November 2011 in five measurement-control points: the first was located on the Vistula river inflow to the reservoir, the other three were placed evenly along the reservoir bowl, whereas the fifth was situated on water outflow from the reservoir. The values of each tested indicator were characterized by using descriptive statistics. Moreover, the empirical data were subjected to detailed statistical procedures by means of cluster analysis and t-Student parametric test. The analysis the data obtained from the conducted investigations demonstrated that because of the complexity of the processes, the retention reservoir differently influences the water quality. As a result of the Vistula river water flow through the Goczałkowice Reservoir, concentrations of nitrites and nitrate nitrogen decreased significantly, as has been proved statistically on the significance level α = 0.05. The reservoir also positively affected a decline in the concentrations of phosphates, total phosphorus, total iron and a majority of salinity indices, but worsened oxygen conditions, however, it was not statistically proved.

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Zmienność chemizmu wód małych zbiorników wodnych o zróżnicowanej strukturze użytkowania terenów przyległych

Bedla D., Misztal A.

Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska

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2014

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Tom 16, cz. 1

421--439

EN

Physicochemical composition of surface waters is a dynamic phenomenon, among others dependent on climatic and biological factors. Human utilization, including the use of catchment area definitely affects the disturbances of this natural changeability. Small water reservoirs are particularly sensitive to anthropopressure, susceptible to degradation and in extreme cases even to disappearance. The object of research was an assessment of differences in concentrations of selected water quality indices in the reservoirs in catchments of various land use and their seasonal changes. In order to realize the assumed objective, four endorheic basins with various forms of land use in their vicinity, including settlement and agricultural, agricultural, agro-forestry and forestry catchments were selected. The research demonstrated that some of the substances tested in the waters of the discussed reservoirs (O2, NO2¯, NO3¯, NH4+ and SO42¯), like pH, revealed significant seasonal fluctuations between the summer and winter half years. A possible cause of this phenomenon may result from variable atmospheric conditions in respective half years. Lower concentration of nitrogen compounds in the summer half-year may be explained by their intensified uptake by vegetation. In the winter period, when vegetation is inhibited, a clear reconstruction of dissolved nitrogen salt resources ensues. The use, as the factor modifying fluctuations of the analyzed ions concentrations, was best noticeable for reservoirs located in settlement and agricultural or agricultural catchment. The changes referred especially to water salinity indices. It should be noted, that the complexity of the environmental spatial processes causes that explicit indicating the causes of seasonal fluctuations of the substances dissolved in water is complicated.