Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

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O niepewności w szacowaniu wskaźników

Loga Małgorzata

Gospodarka Wodna

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2020

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Nr 1

16--22

PL

Szacowanie wskaźników jakości wód, będących podstawą oceny stanu ekologicznego wód, obarczone jest niepewnością. Rozróżnia się niepewność danych monitoringowych wynikającą z przyczyn środowiskowych oraz z przyczyn antropogenicznych. W artykule przedstawiono analizę wpływu różnych czynników na niepewność oceny wskaźników jakości wód. Ta wiedza jest ważna zarówno przy szacowaniu wskaźników jakości wód jak, dokonywaniu oceny ich stanu a także przy interpretacji wyników. Jest także istotna w prowadzeniu polityki wodnej i ważnym elementem decyzji wodno-gospodarczych.

EN

Estimation of water quality indicators, constituting the basis for ecological status of waters assessment, is subject to a degree of uncertainty. The uncertainty may refer to the monitoring data resulting from environmental factors, as well as from anthropological factors. The article presents an analysis of impact of different elements on the uncertainty of water quality indicators assessment. This knowledge is important in estimation of water quality indicators, assessment of their status, as well as interpretation of results. It is also of great importance in water management, being an important element in making water and economy-related decisions.

2

Reflectance spectra classification for the rapid assessment of water ecological quality in Mediterranean ports

Massi Luca, Maselli Fabio, Rossano Claudia, Gambineri Simone, Chatzinikolaou Evangelia, Dailianis Thanos, Arvanitidis Christos, Nuccio Caterina, Scapini Felicita, Lazzara Luigi

Oceanologia

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2019

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No. 61 (4)

445--459

EN

Ports are open systems with direct connection to the sea, therefore any potential impact on port waters may have implications for the health of adjacent marine ecosystems. European WFD addressed ports in the category of Heavily Modified Water Bodies (HMWBs) and promoted implementation of protocols to monitor and improve their ecological status. TRIX index, which incorporates the main variables involved in the trophism of marine ecosystems (Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Chlorophyll a, Dissolved Oxygen), is widely utilized in European coastal areas to evaluate trophic status. The relationships between the variables involved in TRIX computation, particularly Chlorophyll a concentration, and water spectral reflectance provides an alternative method to evaluate the quality and ecological status of the port water. Hyper-spectral (380-710 nm) water reflectance data were recorded by a portable radiometric system in five ports from the Western and Eastern Mediterranean Basin. The spectral distance between samples was measured by two metrics using both the original and reduced spectra and was implemented within a hierarchical clustering algorithm. The four spectral classes that emerged from this operation were statistically analysed versus standard water quality descriptors and phytoplankton community features to evaluate the ecological significance of the information obtained. The results indicated a substantial coherence of different indicators with more than 60% of the total TRIX variability is accounted for by the proposed classification of reflectance spectra. This classification is therefore proposed as a promising Rapid Assessment Technique of ports water ecological quality, which can serve as an effective monitoring tool for sustainable management of ports.

3

Physicochemical and Bacteriological Status of Surface Waters and Groundwater in the Selected Catchment Area of the Dunajec River Basin

Nowobilska-Luberda A.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2018

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Vol. 19, nr 3

162--169

EN

The aim of the study was to assess the qualitative status of groundwater and surface water abstracted for the needs of customers in the city of Nowy Targ. The assessment was based on the results of physicochemical analyses of 62 water samples taken from the water intake on the Biały Dunajec stream in Szaflary (emergency water intake) and 280 samples taken from 6 active groundwater intakes in Nowy Targ. The basic descriptive statistics of manganese, iron, magnesium, calcium, chlorides, sulphates, phosphates, phosphates, ammonia, nitrites, nitrites, nitrates, chromium, zinc, indicators such as: dissolved oxygen, BOD5, suspension, phenols, PUR, pH, total hardness, alkalinity and number of coli bacteria were determined. The water analyses were performed in the period 2004-2016. Basic descriptive statistics of manganese, iron, magnesium, magnesium, calcium, chlorides, sulphates, phosphates, ammonia, nitrites, nitrates, chromium and zinc ions, as well as such indicators as: dissolved oxygen, BOD5, suspension, phenols, PEW, pH, total hardness, alkalinity and number of coli bacteria were determined. The quality of the captured waters was classified on the basis of the results obtained, noting that the water from the Biały Dunajec stream corresponds to the A3 purity category due to the microbiological contamination. According to the physicochemical standard, A3 category was also determined on the basis of the phenol concentration, which, however, decreased significantly since 2013, corresponding to category A1. For groundwater, on the other hand, it was established that all analysed indicators corresponded to class I purity grade, i.e. water of a very good quality. The only excess over the values corresponding to this class was recorded for calcium ions, but the classification of water quality has not changed due to the fact that it was caused by natural processes. Taking into account the above-mentioned findings, it was concluded that due to the very good groundwater quality, their intakes should be left as the main source of water for consumers in Nowy Targ, while the surface water intake on the Biały Dunajec stream should be maintained concurrently as an emergency intake.

4

Water Chemistry of Selected South Podlasie Lowland Rivers

Kalembasa D., Jaremko D., Pakuła K., Becher M.

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. A

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2012

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Vol. 19, nr 12

1509--1517

EN

In this paper results of the water quality investigations were presented. Samples of water were taken from four rivers in middle-eastern Poland: Kostrzyn, Mienia, Osownica and Wilga. Quarterly investigations covered analysis of water reaction, electrical conductivity, dissolved oxygen and biochemical oxygen demand, total concentration of twenty six elements by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). The resulting data were processed statistically using arithmetic means, concentration ranges, standard deviations and relative standard deviations. Due to the effect of sample collection date on concentrations of analyzed elements, a single factor analysis of variance and Tukey post-hoc test were completed. It was found that the quality of water in the rivers was differential if selected water quality indicators were taken account. The values of this indicators were dependent on location of checkpoints, season and type of surrounding grounds cultivation. The quality of water in particular checkpoints was affected by anthropogenic sources of contamination: community waste from private possessions and sewage from fertilized arable land and greenlands.

PL

W pracy przedstawiono wyniki badań jakości wód rzek w środkowo-wschodniej części Polski: Kostrzynia, Mieni, Osownicy i Wilgi. Próbki wody pobierano sezonowo w odstępach kwartalnych. Badano w nich odczyn, przewodnictwo właściwe, stężenie tlenu rozpuszczonego w wodzie i BZT5 oraz zawartość 26 pierwiastków metodą ICP-AES. Uzyskane dane opracowano statystycznie podając średnie arytmetyczne, zakresy stężeń, odchylenie standardowe (SD) oraz względne odchylenie standardowe (RSD). Z uwagi na wpływ terminu pobrania próbki na zawartość pierwiastków przeprowadzono jednoczynnikową analizę wariancji. Stwierdzono, że jakość wód analizowanych rzek była zróżnicowana w zakresie badanych wskaźników jakości. Na wartość wybranych wskaźników wpływała głównie lokalizacja pobrania próbki wody, pora roku oraz sposób użytkowania terenów przyległych. Zróżnicowaną jakość pobieranej wody powodowały antropogenne źródła zanieczyszczeń, a przede wszystkim zrzuty ścieków komunalnych z prywatnych posesji i spływy z nawożonych terenów rolniczych. Sporadyczne występowanie podwyższonych wartości niektórych wskaźników miało charakter punktowy i zmniejszało się w dalszym biegu rzek.

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Wpływ działalności ośrodka zarybieniowego na jakość wody dolnego odcinka rzeki Wiśniówki w latach 2005-2009

Bonisławska M., Szaniawska D., Szmukała M., Pender R.

Woda-Środowisko-Obszary Wiejskie

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2011

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T. 11, z. 2

19-32

PL

W pracy przedstawiono wyniki badań zmian jakości wody ujściowego odcinka rzeki Wiśniówka w latach 2005-2009 w dwóch punktach - woda dopływająca do wylęgarni ryb i woda poniżej obiektu. Oznaczano wskaźniki ważne w aspekcie życia ryb w warunkach naturalnych, tj. temperaturę, pH, zawiesiny ogólne, zawartość tlenu, BZT5, ChZT, azot amonowy, azotany (III), fosfor ogólny, żelazo ogólne, a następnie porównywano ich wartości z wymaganiami określonymi w Rozporządzeniu MŚ… [2002] i Rozporządzeniu MŚ ...[2008]. Uzyskane wyniki zmian jakości wody rzeki Wiśniówka umożliwiły ocenę oddziaływania ośrodka zarybieniowego na stan czystości tego cieku w okresie 5 lat i mogą stanowić niezbędną bazę danych do zaplanowania zintegrowanej technologii uzdatniania i recyklingu wody, wykorzystywanej w wylęgarni ryb.

EN

Water quality at the mouth of the Wiśniówka River was analysed between 2005 and 2009 at two sampling sites: at the inlet to (I) and at the outlet from (II) fish hatchery. Water quality indicators important for fish in natural conditions, i.e.: temperature, pH, suspended solids, dissolved oxygen, BOD5, CODMn,Cr, total phosphorous, ammonium nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, and total iron were determined. Obtained results were compared with standards given in the Decrees of the Polish Ministry of Environment of 4.10.2002 and 20.08.2008. The aim of the study was: evaluation of 5-year changes of water quality and building a database for the development of integrated technology for water treatment and recycling at a fish hatchery.