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1

Methods for Determining the Water Quality Index in Developing Asian Countries: A Review

Sudarno, Wibowo Mochamad Agung, Andarini Pertiwi, Kurniatama Dionisius Veda Priya, Humaira Natasya Ghinna

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2024

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Vol. 25, iss. 2

311--323

EN

Clean water quality is a problem, especially for developing countries in Asia. Their efforts to maximize various sectors to become a developed country, for example in industrial activities, result in negative environmental impacts, especially for water quality. The wastewater that is directly discharged into river bodies without any treatment causes river water quality to become increasingly worse. The water quality index (WQI) is one of the tools used to assess river water quality. There have been many studies that examined the river water quality in Asia, but there are still few studies that discuss the river water quality as a whole in Asia, especially for developing countries where industrial activities are massive. This study discussed the trends in river water quality in developing countries in Asia. The results obtained showed that most river water quality in Asia falls into the medium to poor category, even poor in some situations, especially in the areas with dense populations and in the areas around rivers which are full of domestic and industrial activities. For this reason, there is a need for a more advanced WQI assessment which is carried out using scientific analysis using fuzzy logic so that the WQI value can be more accurate and QGIS can provide broader information. There needs to be cooperation and good relations between the community, stakeholders and the government in an effort to overcome river pollution which will become even worse by providing stricter regulations, establishing proper water treatment so that industrial or domestic waste water does not directly enter water bodies, and create appropriate policies. Therefore, it is important to be able to develop a river water quality assessment system, such as WQI to be more accurate so that these actions can be carried out.

2

Nowoczesne narzędzia wspomagające monitoring zasobów wodnych

Biczysko Bartłomiej

Technologia Wody

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2023

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Nr 3 (81)

74-75

3

Differences of water chemistry, bird assemblages and nutrient loads introduced by waterbirds into morphologically similar waterbodies

Gwiazda Robert, Kosiba Joanna

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2023

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Vol. 52, No. 4

430--436

EN

The number and structure of waterbirds is affected by the size of the waterbody, the presence of islands and macrophytes, but also by their trophy status. The aims of the study were to compare nutrients in water, numbers of waterbird assemblages, and the loading of nitrogen and phosphorus introduced by waterbirds in two similar waterbodies with different rates of water discharge. This study was conducted in two eutrophic shallow waterbodies, P1 and P2 in 2016 and 2017. The median concentrations of NO2-, NO3- and NH4+ were 4.0 times, 3.2 times, and 1.7 times greater in the P1 than in the P2 location, respectively. Similar proportions of organic matter in sediments were statistically greater in P1. The number of birds was also significantly greater in P1 than in P2. The waterbirds (Anas platyrhynchos, Aythya fuligula, Fulica atra, Phalacrocorax carbo and Chroicocephalus ridibundus) excreted 5.2 times more total phosphorous and 3.3 times more total nitrogen in P1 than in P2. Significant negative correlations were also found between the concentrations of NO3- and the number of waterbirds in P1.

4

Mitigation of scale problem in the pumped Disi water to Amman, Jordan

Al-Maabreh Alaa M., Al-Rawajfeh Aiman Eid, Alshamaileh Ehab, Al-Bazedi G. A.

Environment Protection Engineering

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2019

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Vol. 45, nr 1

97--110

EN

Various methods are known to mitigate or prevent scale formation in pipes, rather by chemical addition, e.g., anti-scaling substances, or physically which includes ultrasonic or nanofiltration (NF). Nanofiltration membranes have a selectivity for the multivalent charged ions, so monovalent ions will pass the membrane partly and multivalent ions will be rejected completely. Chemical addition to prevent scale formation is based on justifying water parameters such as pH, alkalinity, and concentrations of ions that form the building units of scale crystal. In order to mitigate the scaling tendency in water pumped from the Disi aquifer to Amman city along its 345 km pipeline, different studies were conducted using simulated plumbing system. This part of the study is concerned with scale mitigation using nanofiltration and addition of chemicals. Nanofiltration was applied to reduce the hardness that causes scale deposition where it rejected around 70.5% of Ca2+, 71.98% Mg2+, 7.72% K+, 29.0% Na+, 66.63% Cl–, 86.51% NO3 – , 85.72% SO4 2–, and 69.85% CO2. Increasing the concentration of some ions such as Na+, K+ and Cl– keeping the allowable limit gave good results for scale mitigation.

5

Projekt naczynia analitycznego do odwzorowania w małej skali obiegu wody basenowej z wyłączeniem układu filtracji i dezynfekcji

Kaczmarek W., Borys S.

Przegląd Mechaniczny

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2018

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nr 9

31--33

PL

W artykule przedstawiono wybrane elementy zadania badawczego zrealizowanego w ramach projektu „OHT Inteligentny Optymalizator HVAC w funkcji potencjału tworzenia THM na basenach krytych – nowa metoda zarządzania energią elektryczną i ciepłem dopasowująca na bieżąco sterowanie wentylacją, ogrzewaniem, chłodzeniem (HVAC) do stężeń rakotwórczych chlorowcopochodnych metanu takich jak trihalometany (THM) oraz ich usuwania z basenów krytych. Program Operacyjny Inteligentny Rozwój 2014 – 2020”. Autorzy skupili się na przedstawieniu projektu naczynia analitycznego do odwzorowania w małej skali obiegu wody basenowej z wyłączeniem układu filtracji i dezynfekcji.

EN

The article presents selected elements of the research task realized within the project „OHT Intelligent HVAC Optimizer as a function of the THM potential for indoor swimming pools – a new method of electricity and heat management that adjusts ventilation, heating and cooling control (HVAC) to carcinogenic chlorogenic hydrocarbon concentrations such as like THMs and their removal from indoor pools. Operational Program Intelligent Development 2014 – 2020”. The authors focused on presenting the design of an analytical system for reproduction of the pool water circulation in a small scale, excluding the filtration and disinfection system.

6

Teoria koagulacji wody i jej wdrożenia techniczne

Smołka Z.

Forum Eksploatatora

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2018

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Nr 4 (97)

38-41

PL

Koagulacja, to najprościej przedstawiając, proces zespalania drobnych trudno opadających cząsteczek zanieczyszczeń wody w większe aglomeraty, które łatwiej usunąć w procesach sedymentacji i/lub filtracji. Z wielu metod prowadzenia koagulacji, takich jak działanie promieniami ß i -γ, ogrzewanie, wymrażanie, działania mechaniczne czy dehydratacja, w kręgu naszych rozważań pozostają procesy koagulacji chemicznej związane z dodawaniem do wody koagulantów.

7

Fern Azolla filiculoides at New Sites in Oder River (Poland) — Invader or Ephemeral?

Myśliwy M., Szlauer-Łukaszewska A.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2017

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Vol. 65, nr 4

405--414

EN

Azolla filiculoides Lam. is the second most widely distributed alien aquatic plant in Europe. A native of America, it has become — on account of human mediation — a cosmopolitan species. In Poland, it has been known so far from a few stands in ponds and old river beds. In 2016, it was recorded at six new sites in-between the groynes at the main Oder river bed between Maszewko near Krosno Odrzańskie (52°3′10.69″N, 14°57′13.56″E) and Owczary (52°28′53.59″N, 14°37′30.43″E). The assemblages containing the fern were identified as representing the association Ceratophyllo-Azolletum filiculoidis Nedelcu 1967. Azolla has also entered the phytocoenoses of other floating plant communities. Mean values of several chemical parameters of the water like conductivity, salinity, total dissolved solids and nitrate content at the fern stations were significantly higher than the mean values found in the Azolla-devoid sites while the values for hardness (Ca), pH and visibility (Secchi Disc depth) were lower at Azolla sites. In 2017, this alien fern was found to had successfully overwintered in the main bed of Oder river, and its further spread down the river was observed. The appearance of Azolla filiculoides in the Oder may be associated with an exceptionally warm winter; its emergence may also accelerate the species' invasion in Poland.

8

Magnetytowa warstwa ochronna - sposób na zabezpieczenie przed korozją wewnętrznych powierzchni rur w nowoczesnych systemach ciepłowniczych

Drzewiecki W., Pletkus W.

Ciepłownictwo, Ogrzewnictwo, Wentylacja

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2015

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T. 46, nr 1

3--5

PL

Opisano metodę korygowania właściwości wody w układach ciepłowniczych na podstawie badań próbek osadów pobranych z rur układu ciepłowniczego miasta Zielona Góra. Badanie próbek osadów wykonano na Uniwersytecie Zielonogórskim.

EN

A method of correcting water parameters in district heating systems is described basing on studies of sediment samples obtained from pipes of a system in the town Zielona Gora. The study has been carried out at the University of Zielona Gora.

9

Skuteczność rekultywacji jeziora Jelonek na podstawie wybranych fizycznych i chemicznych parametrów wody

Berleć K., Traczykowski A., Budzińska K., Szejniuk B., Michalska M., Jurek A., Tarczykowska M., Klimczak I.

Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska

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2013

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Tom 15, cz. 2

1336--1351

EN

Taking a decision about a modification of elements making up the ecosystem requires thorough knowledge about the manipulated system and predicting all possible results of such interference. Turning back the effects of anthropopression demands taking immediate action not only within the lake basin in the form of technological remediation measures. Primarily, these should be protective action, involving the organization of water supply and sewage disposal in the basin and (which is much more difficult) reduction of biogenic substance flow to the lake. Remediation ventures have been applied throughout the world, not always with success. They are thought to be risky, long-term and demanding considerable financial outlays. For this reason, they must be carefully planned by a team of experts and conducted under permanent supervision. The article presents effects of restoration of lake Jelonek based on the analysis of water quality parameters. The lake has been completely degraded and reached the saprotrophic state due to discharge of domestic wastewater from the neighbouring living estate, and of agricultural. The lakes restoration was initiated by dosing of coagulants for sediment. The aim of the study carried out was the analysis of selected physical and chemical indicators in the waters of the lake Jelonek in Gniezno. In water samples taken from three points following parameters were determined: temperature, pH, nitrogen, nitrates, nitrites, ammonium nitrogen, phosphorus and phosphates. Measurements were conducted since October 2010 till may 2011, regularly once a month. The water was taken in the current on depth of 20 cm. The temperature and pH of the water were characteristic for the studied seasons and had no significant impact on the content of nutrients. The result of carrying out restoration lakes and tributary pollution mitigation procedures was to reduce the amount of nitrite and total phosphorus. Treatments conducted on lake Jelonek not bring the expected improvement in terms of total nitrogen content, nitrate and phosphate.

10

Wpływ parametrów wód wpływających na kształtowanie wskaźników jakości wody dopływającej do zbiornika

Policht-Latawiec A.

Gaz, Woda i Technika Sanitarna

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2009

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Nr 9

45-46