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1

Zmiany składu chemicznego wód podziemnych na obszarze Żuław Wielkich w ujęciu historycznym i współcześnie

Pruszkowska-Caceres Małgorzata, Puskarz Agnieszka, Grabowski Szymon, Wolańska Alicja

Gospodarka Wodna

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2024

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Nr 4

28--31

PL

Badania hydrogeologiczne Żuław Wielkich koncentrują się na zasoleniu wód podziemnych. Od początku XX wieku do chwili obecnej obserwuje się wysokie stężenia chlorków, jonów amonowych i mineralizacji we wszystkich poziomach wodonośnych. Uznaje się, iż na przeważającym obszarze nie występują tu warstwy wodonośne o znaczeniu użytkowym, a zasoby wód podziemnych Żuław Wielkich są ograniczone. Przeprowadzone badania pozwoliły na ustalenie genezy występujących problemów z jakością wód podziemnych i powiązanie ich z warunkami hydrogeologicznymi regionu.

EN

The hydro-geological research in the Żuławy Wielkie region is focused on the groundwater salinity. Since the beginning of the 20th century, we have been observing high concentration of chlorides, ammonium ions and mineralisation in all water-bearing strata. It is considered that in the major part of this area there are no functional water-bearing strata and groundwater resources of Żuławy Wielkie are limited. The performed research allowed for determination of the origin of the existing issues related to the groundwater quality, linking them to the hydro-geological conditions of the region.

2

Influences of process water chemistry on reverse flotation selectivity of iron oxides

Tang Min, Wang Dong, Wu Yan, Liu Dianwen

Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing

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2022

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Vol. 58, iss. 6

art. no. 151839

EN

It is critical for water quality in flotation as it dramatically influences the chemical/electrochemical properties of mineral surfaces and their interactions with reagents. Many potential variations could alter the water chemistry: water recirculation, mineral dissolutions, reagent additions, etc. This study aimed to identify the key elements from the recycled water sources affecting the separation efficiency in a typical industrial flotation circuit of iron oxides through a series of bench/micro flotation tests, zeta potential measurement, etc. The built-up and distribution of the dominant cations/anions in the process water from the roughers in the flotation system was also analyzed and recorded by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission (ICP-OES) for a period of about three months when the operations were stable. The flotation results pointed out that a concentrate with a sharp increase of 6.0% Fe recovery and 2.5% SiO2 content was obtained by using the recycled tailing water only in comparison by using fresh water. In contrast, a slight uptrend in the grade of Fe but a substantial loss of near 6.5% Fe recovery occurs by using the treated sewage water alone instead. This could attribute to the ion distributions in these water sources, in which Ca2+, Fen+, Mg2+ or SO42ions were determined as the key ions influencing the flotation behaviors of the iron ore. But the competitive effects of Fe3+ ions were more significant than the ones of Ca2+ or Mg2+ ions. And the occurrence of starch could deteriorate the dilution of silicates in concentration induced by Fe3+/Fe2+ ions. It can be explained by zeta potential measurement or solution chemistry of those ions, indicating that at 8.5-9.0, the coating of the precipitates of Fe(OH)3(s) induced by iron ions alters a reverse on the zeta potentials of quartz. The presence of SO42-ions, however, has a positive role in reducing the possibility of slime coating on silicates due to acting as a chelating agent of iron ions.

3

Buffering of pulp pH and its influence on process water chemistry during iron ore flotation

Tang Min, Xiao Qingfei

Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing

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2021

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Vol. 57, iss. 4

157--167

EN

It is inevitable for the occurrences of pulp pH buffering during pH control in flotation as the minerals with acidic/alkali properties tend to interact with pH modifiers and restore the pulp pH. This could result in some disturbing ions and alter the water/pulp chemistry. The purpose of this study was to identify the influences of pulp pH buffering on process water chemistry through a series of pH buffering tests, bench flotation experiments, ore dissolution tests, zeta potential measurement, and Xray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The built-up and distribution of the dominant cations in the process water from different locations in an industrial flotation system of the iron ore were analyzed and recorded by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission (ICP-OES) at a period of about six months when the operations were stable. The data showed that a near five-minute buffer of pulp pH at a range from near 7.9 to 8.9 occurred before it reached a stable value. At this period, the dissolution of Ca/Mg from the iron ore was dominant. And, the pulp pH at a lower value tended to induce more dissolved Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions. These divalent cations seem to have different influences on the flotation properties of iron oxides at the same concentrations, indicating a positive effect on the recovery of iron oxides with the presence of Mg2+ ions but an opposite effect if Ca2+ ions occurred. The presence of sulfate, however, tended to restore the floatability of silicate depressed by Ca2+ ions.

4

Wstępna ocena chemizmu wód jeziora Bartąg pod Olsztynem i zarys koncepcji jego ochrony

Grochowska Jolanta, Karpienia Marzena, Tandyrak Renata, Płachta Anna, Dziczek Joanna, Gołębiewska Anna E., Jędrzejewski Paweł, Tomczak Michał, Turek Mateusz, Zaręba Filip

Woda-Środowisko-Obszary Wiejskie

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2019

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T. 19, z. 1

5--18

PL

Badania prowadzono na jeziorze Bartąg (powierzchnia 72,3 ha, max. głębokość 15,2 m) pod Olsztynem. Zlewnia jeziora ma powierzchnię 400,3 ha, w której największy udział mają grunty orne – 68,9%, lasy zajmują 19,7%, a teren zabudowany – 11,4%. W wodach jeziora stwierdzono jednostkowe i duże ilości biogenów, sięgające 1,24 mg Pog∙dm–3 i 2,35 mg Nog∙dm–3 oraz wapnia – 61,0 mg Ca∙dm–3. Przyczyną dużej trofii tego zbiornika jest nadmierne jego obciążenie biogenami spływającymi ze zlewni. Rzeczywiste ładunki biogenów spływające do jeziora przekraczają wartości krytyczne obliczone wg Vollenweidera. Niska jakość wód tego jeziora, z jednoczesnym dużym obciążeniem ładunkiem zanieczyszczeń, ze zlewni wskazuje na konieczność podjęcia działań ochronnych, polegających na zmniejszeniu obciążenia zewnętrznego.

EN

The study was carried out on Lake Bartąg (area 72.3 ha, maximum depth 15.2 m) near Olsztyn. The catchment area of the lake is 400.3 ha, in which arable land cover the largest share – 68.9%, forests occupy 19.7%, and built-up area – 11.4%. In the lake's waters, unitary and large amounts of nutrients were found, reaching 1.24 mg TP∙dm–3 and 2.35 mg TN∙dm–3 and calcium – 61.0 mg Ca∙dm–3. The reason for the high trophic status of this reservoir is its excessive load on biogenes flowing from the drainage basin. The actual loads of nutrients flowing into the lake exceed the critical values calculated according to Vollenweider. The low quality of the lake's waters, with a heavy load of pollutants, from the catchment points to the need to take protective measures, which consist in reducing the external load.

5

Impact of Cedzyna reservoir on selected physicochemical parameters of river water quality (Swietokrzyskie Mountains, Poland)

Przybylska Joanna, Kaleta Joanna, Kozłowski Rafał

Chemistry-Didactics-Ecology-Metrology

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2019

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R. 24, NR 1-2

117--125

EN

The monitoring of selected physicochemical parameters and chemical composition of water was conducted in 2017-2018 in the Lubrzanka river and the Cedzyna reservoir (Swietokrzyskie Mountains, Poland). The results indicate that the impact of reservoir on the quality of river water depends on natural characteristics of the catchment as well as on the present anthropogenic pressure. Retention of water in the reservoir caused seasonally diversified changes in analysed parameters, including an increase in water temperature, retention of major ions, nutrients and trace elements. Further research is needed to assess the risk of contamination of lower course of the river with metals deposited in reservoir’s bottom sediments.

6

Wpływ budowy geologicznej i rzeźby na procesy kształtujące skład chemiczny wód w czasie wezbrania roztopowodeszczowego w zlewni Bystrej w Tatrach Zachodnich

Sajdak M., Siwek J. P., Żelazny M., Dojtrowska I.

Landform Analysis

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2018

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Vol. 37

3--15

PL

Celem badań było rozpoznanie procesów kształtujących skład chemiczny wód potoków odwadniających krystaliczną i osadową część zlewni Potoku Bystra w Tatrach w czasie wezbrania roztopowo-opadowego w kwietniu 2016 r. Badania były prowadzone w dwóch przekrojach wodowskazowych reprezentujących obszary zbudowane ze skał krystalicznych (Goryczkowy Potok), oraz ze skał osadowych, charakteryzujących się rozbudowanymi systemami krasowymi (Potok Bystra). Głównym procesem kształtującym zmiany składu chemicznego wody w obu zlewniach w czasie analizowanego wezbrania był proces rozcieńczania wód podziemnych wodami roztopowymi i opadowymi. Przejawiało się to spadkiem stężenia większości jonów w potokach wraz ze wzrostem stanów wody. W Potoku Bystra, odwadniającym obszar osadowy zmiany składu chemicznego były dodatkowo modyfikowane dopływem wód z systemów krasowych a w Goryczkowym Potoku – wymywaniem jonów z gleby przez wody spływu śródpokrywowego.

EN

The purpose of the study was to identify processes shaping water chemistry in streams draining the crystalline and sedimentary portions of the Bystra Stream catchment in the Tatras during rain-on-snow event in April 2016. Data were gathered at two water gauging sites representative of areas formed of crystalline rock (i.e. Goryczkowy Stream) and areas formed of sedimentary rock characterized by extensive karst systems (Bystra Stream). The main process responsible for changes in water chemistry in both catchments over the study period was dilution of groundwater with snowmelt and precipitation water. This was manifested via a decrease in the concentration of most ions in the studied streams at high water stages. The water chemistry of Bystra Stream draining sedimentary rocks was affected in part also by the influx of water from karst systems. In the Goryczkowy Potok Stream the changes were modified by flushing of ions from the soil by throughflow.

7

Reservoir's impact on the water chemistry of the Teesta River mountain course (Darjeeling Himalaya)

Wiejaczka Ł., Prokop P., Kozłowski R., Sarkar S.

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. S

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2018

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Vol. 25, nr 1

73--88

EN

The article presents the role of the newly built reservoir in the formation of the hydrochemistry of water of the Teesta River (a tributary of the Brahmaputra) in its Himalayan course. Field research were performed in the post-monsoon season of the period 2013-2015. Sampling and measuring points were located in five points over 43 km of the Teesta River in the Darjeeling Himalaya. Analysis of water along of river longitudinal profile above and below the reservoir suggest that the reservoir caused decrease most of the basic ions concentrations (Cl−, K+, Na+, Mg2+, NO3− and PO43−). An inverse trend was observed only with respect to Ca2+, SO42− and NH4+. The dam does not influent on the F− concentration. The reservoir causes minor enrichment most of the heavy metals such Cu, Ni, Zn, Cr, Cd and Sr. The lower enrichment of Teesta water below the dam indicates the water self-purification processes for metals by the Teesta Reservoir. The changes of physicochemical properties and concentrations of ions caused by the reservoir are usually normalised by environmental factors before the Teesta River outlet from the Himalayas (within 15 km of the river).

8

Quality of rivers: comparison of hydro-morphological, physical-chemical and biological methods

Gorzel M., Kornijów R., Buczyńska E.

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. S

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2018

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Vol. 25, nr 1

101--122

EN

The study was performed in five fourth-order tributaries of the Bystrzyca Lubelska River (Eastern Poland, Lublin Upland), differing in the degree of river-bed transformation and level of pollution. Hydro-morphological methods (descriptive method by Ilnicki and Lewandowski - IL, and index method by Oglecki and Pawlat - OP) and biological indices based on the composition of zoobenthos (Diversity - D, and index based on proportions between the density of Oligochaeta and Chironomidae - O/Ch) permitted distinguishing of four classes, from II to V. The distinguishing of only two quality classes (III and IV) was possible by means of physical-chemical methods and by benthic index BMWP_PL. Those two methods seem to show the lowest sensitivity to the spatial variability of the environment quality. The BMWP_PL index was the least sensitive to year-to-year environmental changes, and O/Ch was the most sensitive. Relatively high conformity was obtained between hydro-morphological assessments performed by means of the OP and IL methods. Results obtained by means of these tools weakly corresponded with the physical-chemical assessments. The latter assessments were the most similar to those obtained by means of the BMWP_PL (degree of similarity = 57%) and D (47%) indices, and considerably less in the case of O/Ch (36%). The BMWP_PL and D indices better corresponded with the results of the hydro-morphological assessment performed by means of the IL method than with those performed by means of the OP method while D index showed a reverse pattern. The O/CH index proved useful for the assessment of the degree of organic pollution of the river’s water, but not the sediments.

9

Analiza hydrogeochemiczna wód siarczkowych obszaru Niecki Nidziańskiej na podstawie badań ich naturalnych wypływów

Lipiec I.

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2017

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Vol. 65, nr 11/1

989--994

EN

The paper presents the results of the hydrogeochemical analysis of sulphurous waters in the southern part of Poland in the Nida Basin region for a time span of 2014-2016. In this area occur four chemical types of natural outflows of sulphurous waters. These are: water of the SO4-(HCO3)-Ca, S type (spring Piestrzec and Senislawice), Cl-SO4-HCO3-Na, S (s. Owczary); Cl-SO4-Na, S (s. Gadawa); Cl-Na, S, I (s. Szczerbaków). Water mineralization of varies from 2.4 to 50.6 g/dm3. Geochemical modeling with Phreeqc allowed to determine the saturation state of the water solution relative to the mineral phases of the rock medium.

10

Chemistry of water from the inflows to the “Franciszek” dipheading in the “Pomorzany” Zn-Pb mine in the Olkusz Area (SW Poland)

Motyka J., d’Obyrn K., Juśko K., Wójcik T.

Journal of Sustainable Mining

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2017

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Vol. 16, iss. 4

139--150

EN

The “Franciszek” dipheading is one of the main components of the transportation infrastructure in the “Pomorzany” zinc and lead mine in the Olkusz ore district. The heading was cut out of the aeration zone, created by mine drainage in Quaternary sands and Middle and Lower Triassic carbonates. This study presents the results of the examination of the chemical composition of water leaks identified in the dipheading. It was found that the chemical composition of the water under examination depends on geogenic factors, mainly the mineralogical composition of the rocks that are infiltrated by the meteoric waters which feed the leaks, as well as the geochemical processes associated with metal sulphate weathering in the carbonate rock environment (with dolomites and limestones). The significant influence of anthropogenic factors was also identified, including the most important one linked to the migration of polluted waters from the surface mine facilities.

11

Sezonowe zmiany składu chemicznego wód rzecznych w zlewni rolniczej

Krasowska M.

Inżynieria Ekologiczna

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2017

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Vol. 18, nr 3

175--183

PL

Jakość wód powierzchniowych kształtowana jest przez szereg procesów zachodzących na obszarze całej zlewni. Dominującą rolę w kształtowaniu zmian właściwości fizyko-chemicznych wód odgrywają warunki hydrometeorologiczne, których zmienność podyktowana jest sezonowością. Szczegółowa charakterystyka środowiska wodnego jest ważnym aspektem przy ocenie zmienności czasowej jakości wód powierzchniowych, a informacje te są niezbędne do prowadzenia zrównoważonej gospodarki wodnej. W związku z tym celem pracy było zbadanie sezonowej zmienności składu chemicznego wód niewielkiego cieku w krajobrazie rolniczym w warunkach Polski Północno-Wschodniej. Badania obejmowały analizę wybranych właściwości fizyko-chemicznych wody w ciągu roku, wykonanie analizy czynnikowej, w celu identyfikacji procesów kształtujących zmiany sezonowe oraz obliczenie wskaźników Markhama (indeksu sezonowości i pory koncentracji). Na podstawie uzyskanych wyników stwierdzono, że właściwości fizyko-chemiczne wód badanego cieku podlegały wahaniom sezonowym. Wskazano zależność pomiędzy zawartością poszczególnych składników rozpuszczonych a wielkością przepływu. Stwierdzono, że w warunkach hydroklimatycznych Polski Północno-Wschodniej intensywne wymywanie oraz podwyższone stężenia głównie biogenów obserwuje się podczas wezbrań wywołanych topnieniem pokrywy śnieżnej i opadami deszczu zimą i wczesną wiosną. W związku z tym okres ten może być krytyczny dla jakości wód powierzchniowych w krajobrazie rolniczym.

EN

The quality of surface water is shaped by a number of processes taking place across the catchment. The dominant role in shaping changes in physico-chemical properties of water play hydrochemical conditions. Detailed characteristics of the aquatic environment is an important aspect in assessing the variability of temporary surface water quality, and the information is necessary for sustainable water management. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the seasonal variability of the chemical composition of water of a small stream in the agricultural landscape in north-eastern Poland. The study included analysis of selected physico-chemical properties of water per year, performing factor analysis in order to identify the processes that shape seasonal changes and the calculation of indicators Markham (index of seasonality and time of concentration). The results found that the physicochemical properties of water examined watercourse been subject seasonal ﬂuctuations. It indicates the relationship between the content of the individual components dissolved and the size of ﬂow. It was found that in conditions of Polish north-eastern intensive washing and increased levels of nutrients were observed during high water caused by melting snow and rainfall in winter and early spring. Therefore, this period can be critical for the quality of surface water in the agricultural landscape.

12

Czynniki kształtujące jakość płytkich wód podziemnych na Pogórzu Wiśnickim

Jelonkiewicz E., Jelonkiewicz Ł. P., Wolanin A..

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2015

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Vol. 63, nr 10/1

786--790

EN

The aimof this study was to investigate the chemical composition of groundwater and the factors affecting it in the Stara Rzeka catchment located in the marginal zone of the Carpathian Mountains in theWioenickie Foothills. Nineteen samples of water were collected from wells and their pH and electrolytic conductivity were measured. The chemical composition of the samples, including 14 ions was determined by ion chromatography. Principal component analysis (PCA) allowed to isolate the factors affecting the quality of groundwater. Geological structure and anthropogenic pressure proved to be the determining factors. The cluster analysis was also used in this study and it allowed to group the analyzed waters in terms of their mutual similarity. Additionally, the chemical composition of water samples was determined with regard to their suitability for human consumption.

13

Chemizm wód źródeł w zlewni Markowego Potoku, Babiogórski Park Narodowy

Malata M., Motyka J.

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2015

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Vol. 63, nr 10/2

912--918

EN

The purpose of this paper is to describe the variability of the chemical characteristics of springwater in the Marków Potok catchment. Five springs were selected for research purposes. The research was performed in spring and summer 2013 and 2014. Ca was found as the most common cation, HCO3 was the most common anion and NO3 was dominated in the biogenic compounds in the analysed springwater. Comparing the period of spring and summer the highest values of most of the chemical characteristics of water occurred in the summer, the lowest in the spring. It was found that chemical properies of water springs were shaped by the diverse geological structure of the catchment area, climatic conditions, the process of dilution and the biological activity of the basin.

14

Charakterystyka hydrogeochemiczna wód podziemnych rejonu Przylądka Rozewie na podstawie badań ich naturalnych wypływów

Potrykus D.

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2015

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Vol. 63, nr 10/2

1015--1020

EN

The results of researches conducted in coastal area of the Przyladek Rozewie, were presented in this paper. The monitoring of physicochemical properties and ionic composition of groundwater outflows was carried out in the years 2013–2014 in the investigated area. Hydrogeochemical conditions of the Przyladek Rozewie region is mainly formed by lots of factors like specific marine climate, mineral composition of groundwater medium, depth of groundwater circulation and time of contact between water and rock.

15

Significance of current velocity gradients for distribution patterns of charophytes versus mosses and vascular plant communities in a lowland stream

Jakubas E., Gąbka M.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2015

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Vol. 44, No. 2

139--150

EN

The study focused on the relationships between charophytes and the surrounding species composition and environmental factors in a lowland stream (Flinta stream, Western Poland). A total of 32 vegetation plots (4 m × 4 m) and 13 environmental variables were tested. Detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) and canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) were used to describe the relationships between the species composition and the selected variables. Dominance curves of aquatic plants, response curves (GAMs model) of charophytes and other macrophytes to the velocity gradient (the most important environmental factor, the Monte Carlo test) were prepared. In this study, 2 species of charophytes were recorded: Chara vulgaris and Chara globularis and 5 other co-occurring macroscopic algae, 2 mosses and 10 vascular plants. In the studied stream, charophytes occupied the separate niche. Chara vulgaris stands with moss vegetation were found in stream sections with the highest velocity of the water current (0.29 m s-1 mean), and the Chara globularis (with dominant Potamogeton species), preferred sections with the smallest water current velocity (0.19 m s-1 mean). Charophytes seem to respond to ecological gradients differently from mosses and vascular plants. These differences are related to current velocity, pH, conductivity and organic matter in bottom sediments, and to the niche differentiation associated with them.

16

Skład chemiczny wód w utworach siarczanowych i węglanowych neogenu i kredy w rejonie Niecki Nidziańskiej

Różkowski J., Jóźwiak K., Chwalik-Borowiec A.

Biuletyn Państwowego Instytutu Geologicznego

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2015

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nr 462

163--170

PL

W publikacji przedstawiono wyniki badań chemizmu wód podziemnych występujących w rejonie Niecki Nidziańskiej wykonanych w kwietniu 2011 r. Wody serii gipsonośnej badenu, reprezentujące lokalne systemy przepływu, mają mineralizację powyżej 2,00 g/dm3, a ich typ hydrochemiczny to SO4-Ca; wody ze źródeł ascenzyjnych, reprezentujące pośredni system przepływu, mają mineralizację 8,00–11,00 g/dm3 i są typu Cl-SO4-Na; wody krążące płytko: w wapieniach litotamniowych badenu mają mineralizację 0,40–0,70 g/dm3 i są typu HCO3-Ca, a w marglach górnokredowych – mają mineralizację 0,50–0,60 g/dm3, a ich typy hydrochemiczne to HCO3-Ca i HCO3-Ca-Mg. W badanych wodach podziemnych w najwyższym stężeniu spośród mikroskładników występują Sr (0,34–12,48 mg/dm3), Br (28,00–301,00 µg/dm3), Ba (9,00–121,00 µg/dm3) i Li (3,10–46,90 µg/dm3), niższe są stężenia Al, Cu, Sc, U, Rb, Mo i Zn (<0,50–44,00 µg/dm3).

EN

The paper presents the results of groundwater chemistry research in the Nida Basin carried out in April 2011. Water from the Badenian gypsum series represents local flow systems. Its mineralization is more than 2.00 g/dm3 and the hydrochemical type is SO4-Ca. Ascending springs represent an intermediate flow system. Their mineralization is 8.00–11.00 g/dm3 and the hydrochemical type is Cl-SO4-Ca. Chemistry of water circulating in shallow flow systems differs depending on lithology; in Badenian lithotamnium limestones the mineralization is 0.40–0.70 g/dm3, and the hydrochemical type is HCO3-Ca, and in Upper Cretaceous marls the mineralization is 0.50–0.60 g/dm3, and the hydrochemical types are HCO3-Ca and HCO3-Ca-Mg. The trace elements that occurr at highest concentration in the studied groundwaters include Sr (0.34–12.48 mg/dm3) and then Br (28.00–301.00 µg/dm3), Ba (9.00–121.00 µg/dm3) and Li (3.10–46.90 µg/dm3); subordinarily there are also: Al, Cu, Sc, U, Rb, Mo and Zn (<0.50–44.00 µg/dm3).

17

Sezonowa zmienność chemizmu wody w małej rzece w zlewni zurbanizowanej

Wysocka-Czubaszek A., Wojno W.

Przegląd Naukowy Inżynieria i Kształtowanie Środowiska

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2014

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Vol. 23, No. 1

64--76

PL

Celem niniejszej pracy była ocena sezonowej zmienności składu chemicznego wód rzeki Białej przepływającej przez obszar zurbanizowany. Rzeka Biała nie jest silnie zanieczyszczona. Średnia wartość EC25 wyniosła od 450 μS·cm–1 w górnym biegu rzeki do 838 μS·cm–1 w jej dolnym biegu. Stężenie N-NO3 - było najwyższe w większości punktów w maju i lipcu 2009 roku oraz w marcu 2010 roku. Stężenie N-NH4 + wahało się od 0,07 do 1,34 mg·dm–3. Najwyższe stężenia azotu amonowego stwierdzono w listopadzie 2009 roku i w marcu 2010 roku, w okresach małej aktywności biologicznej. Stężenie fosforanów zazwyczaj było podobne w wodach na całej długości badanego odcinka rzeki, a najmniejsze jego wartości odnotowano w listopadzie 2009 roku. Stężenie chlorków wynosiło 16,3–56,0 mg·dm–3. Najwyższe stężenie jonów Cl– , związane z zimowym utrzymaniem dróg, stwierdzono w marcu 2010 roku.

EN

The aim of this study was to assess the seasonal variability of the chemical composition in the Biała River flowing through the urban area. The Biała River is not heavily polluted. Average EC25 ranged from 450 μS·cm–1 in the upper course of the river to 838 μS·cm–1 in its lower course. The highest nitrate concentration was found in most sampling points in May and July 2009 and in March 2010. Ammonium concentration ranged from 0.07 to 1.34 mg·dm–3. The highest N-NH4 + was found in November 2009 and in March 2010, in the periods of the lowest biological activity. The concentration of phosphates was similar in the water on the studied section of river. The lowest PO4 3– concentration was measured in November 2009. Chloride concentration ranged from 16.3 to 56.0 mg·dm–3. The highest Cl– concentration in March 2010 is the result of winter road maintenance.

18

Diversity of Mollusca in lowland river-lake system: lentic versus lotic patches

Jakubik B., Koperski P., Lewandowski K.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2014

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Vol. 62, nr 2

335--348

EN

Longitudinal organisation of macroinvertebrate fauna along river is one of the most important problem commonly used to explain the functioning of flowing water ecosystems. The river system can be treated as a mosaic of landscapes patches and riverine macroinvertebrates’ community structure is a function of longitudinal changes in its key abiotic patterns. The aims of the study was to analyse the taxonomic structure of molluscs in the river-lake system, to compare river and lake malacofauna and to determine the factors responsible for its diversity in lakes and river stretches. The study based on comprehensive analysis of malakofauna sampled at 10 sites in the Krutynia River and in all 19 lakes it flows through were performed in the years 2008–1011. River Krutynia is one of the most important rivers in Masurian Lakeland (north-eastern Poland) with length of 100 km and mean annual discharge of 10.6 m3 h-1. It forms a characteristic river-lake system typical for the lakeland landscape in Central Europe. The density and taxonomic composition of molluscs were found as strongly dissimilar in a local scale – between closely located lakes and between particular parts of flowing waters, divided by the lakes. Multivariate methods were used to demonstrate a clear dissimilarity of lake and river malakofauna and to show that the mean content of phosphorus, nitrogen and organic matter in bottom sediments were correlated with each other in lakes but not in the river. The most important species differentiating river sites into larger groups with respect to the similarity was Theodoxus fluviatilis while Stagnicola corvus and Anisus vortex were such species differentiating lakes. The numbers and percentages of Dreissena polymorpha and Unionidae were negatively correlated with nutrients in river sediments. There was a strong positive relationship between nutrients’ concentrations in sediments and the percentages of Viviparus, Obtained results of multiple regression indicate a strong effect of nutrient and organic matter concentrations in the sediments and the distance from the site to the lake on the domination structure of molluscs.

19

Impact of waterbirds on chemical and biological features of water and sediments of a large, shallow dam reservoir

Gwiazda R., Woźnica A., Łozowski B., Kostecki M., Flis A.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2014

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Vol. 43, No. 4

418--426

EN

Large numbers of Mallard Anas platyrhynchos (max. 10,490 ind.), Black-headed Gull Chroicocephalus ridibundus (max. 3,430 ind.) and Great Cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo (max. 1,449 ind.) were recorded on the Goczałkowice Reservoir, Poland (2,754 ha). Most of the waterbirds occurred in the backwater of this reservoir. The amount of phosphorus and nitrogen loaded by the most numerous waterbirds into Goczałkowice Reservoir was estimated at 958 kg and 2,621 kg, respectively in 2011 and 1,043 kg and 2,793 kg, respectively in 2012. In 2011 and 2012, the waterbirds introduced a considerable amount of phosphorus, nitrogen and a large number of coliforms into the backwater of the reservoir. The concentration of different forms of phosphorus and nitrogen, chlorophyll-a and bacteria coli in the water was not greater at the site of birds’ concentration (except dissolved organic nitrogen). The concentration of nitrates in the water at the site near the breeding colony of gulls in comparison with the reference site was not different. The amounts of P-tot and N-tot in the sediment were similar at the site affected by waterbirds and at the reference site. The dynamics of water masses was not the reason for the lack of differences between the studied sites.

20

A comparison of various indices based on benthic macrofauna for the assessment of the ecological status of selected Carpathian streams

Galas J., Dumnicka E., Galus-Barchan A.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2014

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Vol. 43, No. 2

123--130

EN

The biological indices MMI-PL, BMWP-PL, and %EPT were applied to compare the ecological status of Carpathian flysch stream sectors situated above and below sewage treatment plants. MMI-PL was found to be the most sensitive, whereas BMWP-PL indicated a very good ecological status at all sampling stations despite an increased trophic level of water in polluted sectors. %EPT proved to be an unreliable index because of its strong fluctuations resulting mainly from unstable densities of benthic invertebrate groups not included therein. The analyses of coli titers and water chemistry in the same stream sectors revealed temporary pollution at both types of stations.