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Hydro-ecological State of Ukrainian Water Bodies Under the Influence of Military Actions

Stelmakh Valentyna, Melniichuk Mykhailo, Melnyk Oleh, Tokarchuk Ivan

Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska

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2023

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Tom 25

174--187

EN

The article aims to analyse the impact of military operations on the hydro-ecological state of water bodies in Ukraine, analyse potential military risks and assess the prospects for recovery in the water sector. The war leads to the destruction of water supply infrastructure and, secondly, to the pollution of natural waters with sewage and ammunition. Thus, Ukraine's hydro-ecological condition of natural watercourses and reservoirs is deteriorating during a full-scale war. First, we analysed the literature and modern scientific publications and studied the current state of the water bodies of Ukraine under martial law. The article analyses the key consequences of military operations on water bodies, including the destruction of water infrastructure and hydraulic structures, contamination by explosives and destroyed military equipment, flooding by mine water, and leaks from tailing ponds. Special attention is paid to the results of water quality monitoring in wartime. The authors systematised and reviewed the key incidents of destruction and damage to hydraulic structures since the beginning of the war. Potential risks to water bodies in the context of Russian aggression are studied. Finally, the author analyses the directions of the post-war reconstruction of Ukraine and proposes a list of practical steps necessary to restore water resources. The author's view on post-war reconstruction measures in water resources is offered. In addition, environmental organisations and local authorities can use the results of this scientific research.

2

Floating Photovoltaics: Assessing the Potential, Advantages, and Challenges of Harnessing Solar Energy on Water Bodies

Amer Ayman, Attar Hani, As'ad Samer, Alsaqoor Sameh, Colak Ilhami, Alahmer Ali, Alali Malik, Borowski Gabriel, Hmada Moayyad, Solyman Ahmed

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 24, nr 10

324--339

EN

The worldwide transition to a future with net-zero emissions depends heavily on solar energy. However, when land prices rise, and population density rises, the need for large land expanses to develop solar farms poses difficulties. Floating Photovoltaics (FPV) has come to light as a viable remedy to this problem. FPV, which includes mounting solar panels on bodies of water, is gaining popularity as a practical choice in many nations worldwide. A significant capacity of 404 GWp for producing clean energy might be attained by using FPV to cover only 1% of the world’s reservoirs. This review shows that FPV has several benefits over conventional ground-mounted PV systems. On the other hand, there is a large study void regarding the effects of FPV on water quality and aquatic ecosystems. This review looks at the most recent FPV research, including its advantages, disadvantages, and potential. It looks into the compatibility of various bodies of water, worldwide potential, system effectiveness, and the possibility of integrating different technologies with FPV.

3

Method of Assessing the Potential Risk to the Health of the Population During Recreational Water Withdrawal

Rybalova Olha, Malovanyy Myroslav, Bondarenko Оlexander, Proskurnin Oleg, Belokon Karina, Korobkova Hanna

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 23, nr 5

81--91

EN

The use of polluted water bodies for recreation poses a risk of infectious diseases. This fact necessitates taking into account bacteriological indicators to determine the danger of recreational water use. The aim of the article was to develop a new method for assessing the potential risk to population health during recreational water use. A new method for assessing the potential risk to population health during recreational water use has been proposed, which combines the identification of potential risk according to chemical and bacteriological indicators. A new classification of water hazard levels according to the values of risk to population health has been developed. The value of the potential risk to the population health during the recreational use of 6 beaches in the urbanized territories of the city of Kharkiv and its suburbs (Ukraine) was obtained. It was established that bacteriological contamination has the probability of a very large impact on public health (hazard class 5). To compare the methods of assessing the risk to population health during recreational water use, the hazard index (NI) was determined according to the chemical indicators of the quality of water bodies in the city of Kharkiv. The use of the assessment of the potential risk to population health for the environmental regulation of the discharge of pollutants into a water body with wastewater is justified.

4

Establishing Environmental Standardization of Wastewater Composition Based on Environmental Risk Assessment

Proskurnin Oleg, Malovanyy Myroslav, Belokon Karina, Rybalova Olha, Ivashchenko Taras, Tsapko Nataliia, Stepova Olena

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 23, nr 11

139--146

EN

The article considers the problem of rationing wastewater discharge in terms of environmental risk management, caused by the pollution of waterbodies. The cases of using a simple indicator of water quality in the form of concentration of a substance, as well as a complex indicator of water quality were considered. The relevance of using a complex indicator is caused by the similar effect of various substances on the ecosystem and man. For both cases, the algorithms for determining the permissible composition of wastewater, ensuring compliance with the established standards of natural water quality in the control points of the water body with a given probability, were developed. In the case of using complex indicators in order to unambiguously solve the problem of rationing wastewater composition, permissible concentrations of substances were finally determined by solving the optimization problem. The optimization criterion is the minimum cost of water treatment. The method of ecological standardization of wastewater composition suggested in the article is applicable for the case of normal probability distribution of a substance in wastewater according to data of field measurements.

5

Ecological Monitoring of the Content of Heavy Metal Ions in the Aquatic Environment

Chernykh Elena G.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 23, nr 8

270--276

EN

Solid-phase spectrophotometry is one of the effective methods for detecting heavy metals in water. Environmental monitoring of the content of heavy metal ions in the aquatic environment is an urgent task for controlling the quality of wastewater from enterprises, as well as studying their impact on natural water bodies. In this study, an rapid and easy-to-use method for the determination of a number of heavy metals by solid-phase spectrophotometry was developed.

6

Calculation of Bed Load Discharge for Coarse Sand

Myrzakhmetov Akhan, Duskayev Kassym, Tursunova Aisulu, Dostayeva Aigerim

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 23, nr 9

13--17

EN

At present, during the period of intensive climatic changes, it is important to thoroughly take into account the hydrological regimes of water bodies. Оnе of the major conditions of ensuring hydrological safety of territories is а reliable forecast of stream-channel deformations and channel-related processes in the case of water bodies and their separate sections. This paper reviews different methods of calculating bed load discharge. Thus, a new technique оf calculation оf bed load discharge was developed with consideration of the probabilistic estimate оf the beginning оf bed load motion. The method shows satisfactory results compared to previous techniques in use.

7

Spatiо-Temporal Study of the Ecological State of Water Bodies Located within the Detached Objects of the Urbanized Territory of Ukraine

Loboichenko Valentyna, Leonova Nataliia, Shevchenko Roman, Strelets Victor, Morozov Andriy, Pruskyi Andrii, Avramenko Oleksandr, Bondarenko Serhiy

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2021

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Vol. 22, iss. 6

36--44

EN

The paper considers the impact of urbanized areas on the state of water bodies. The impact of various types of anthropogenic activities on water bodies located in cities was shown. In towns, there is worse water resource management than in large cities and the necessity of conducting more detailed research. Using the method of direct conductometry, a spatio-temporal study of the ecological state of water bodies located within the detached objects of the urbanized territory of the Ukraine was carried out using the example of Popasna town. It was shown that fluctuations in the electrical conductivity of these bodies are mainly due to the influence of surface runoff. It was found that in all studied ponds there was a significant drop in the electrical conductivity of water in March 2021, followed by an increase and stabilization in April and May 2021, the characteristic values of electrical conductivity range from 200 to 2900 μS, the relative standard deviation did not exceed 1.5%. The necessity of conducting further, more detailed study of the features of the influence of surface runoff on the water condition in the studied ponds was shown for the purpose of rational management of these water bodies.

8

Drążenie wyrobisk chodnikowych KWK „Murcki-Staszic”w warunkach zagrożenia wodnego

Skuza M., Kolasa M., Miodoński G., Bukowski P., Niedbalska K.

Bezpieczeństwo Pracy i Ochrona Środowiska w Górnictwie

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2017

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nr 8

20--27

PL

W artykule przedstawiono doświadczenia kopalni węgla kamiennego „Murcki-Staszic” w ocenie zagrożenia wodnego dla planowanych i prowadzonych robót górniczych. W ocenie takiej dla robót w pobliżu zbiornika wody w zrobach należy wykorzystywać możliwości, jakie dają badania interdyscyplinarne. Do określenia dopuszczalnego i bezpiecznego ciśnienia wody w źródle zagrożenia wodnego można zastosować metody badań hydrogeologicznych i fizykomechanicznych środowiska skalnego. W artykule wskazano zastosowane metody oceny oraz scharakteryzowano profilaktykę zwalczania, a także sposób monitoringu przejawów zagrożenia wodnego.

EN

The article presents experiences of the “Murcki-Staszic” coal mine in the evaluation of water hazard for planned and conducted mining works. In assessing the conditions for the safe conduct of mining works, an essential element was the analysis of the state of water hazard. It has been found that the best solution for current geological-mining conditions will be effective drainage and lowering of water pressure in the reservoir, with an estimated capacity of about 240000 m3. Determining the safe water pressure in the reservoir, however, required taking into account the actual geomechanical parameters of the rocks, including the index of lowering the tensile strength of rocks due to their destruction (K = 0.6). Based on the calculations, it was found that safe operation of the works is possible in the case of the accumulation of water in the reservoir not higher than 6.5 m with respect to the floor of conducting gallery. It was necessary, however, to carry out ongoing monitoring of the parameters of the reservoir and the rock mass, which allowed to adjust the progress of the works to the stated conditions.

9

Analysis of changes in cyanobacterial and algal flora of selected water reservoirs in Wrocław between 1878 and 2010 (south-west Poland)

Richter D.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2013

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Vol. 42, No. 4

379--397

EN

The paper includes the results of research carried out between 2006-2010 in the city of Wrocław (Poland). The water reservoirs selected for the analysis had previously described phycoflora and these studies were excellent comparative material for the today’s condition of their algoflora. The aim of this research was to conduct detailed studies of the current taxonomic composition of phycoflora in the chosen water reservoirs and to trace the changes which have taken place over time. The research determined the degree of similarity between the different communities in terms of the occurrence of common species and also the changes in their quantity. The study revealed 535 species of cyanobacteria and algae belonging to five phylas. The comparison of the composition of phycoflora from the studied ecosystems from previous years with the current results provided a model study showing the direction and pace of changes in the composition of the flora of cyanobacteria and algae in a given time. The species composition of cyanobacteria and algae in each year is adequate to the trophy of the studied water bodies. The processes in transforming communities of cyanobacteria and algae have led to the stabilization of the current status of the reservoirs as eutrophic.

10

The effect of environmental factors on micropollutants in small water bodies

Świerk D., Szpakowska B.

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. S

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2011

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Vol. 18, nr 4

545-569

EN

Small water bodies serve a very important function in landscape. Unfortunately, many of them are strongly polluted or are being eliminated. Analyses were conducted on thirteen small water bodies located in the Gen. Dezydery Chlapowski Landscape Park. The water bodies differed in terms of the location in landscape, morphometric parameters (depth, shape, area) as well as aquatic and marshy vegetation. Some of them are typical water bodies of agricultural and forest landscapes, while the others are located in rural areas and in parks. The aim of the conducted investigations was to analyse the level of water pollutants in the water bodies in terms of contents of elements and biogens. Analyses were to explain how environmental variables (dependent, explanatory) influence the distribution of investigated parameters in waters of small water bodies. The analysed parameters included contents of trace elements (Li, Al, V, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Sr, Ag, Cd, Ba, Tl, Pb as well as too Na, K, Fe, Ca, Mg) and values of pH in waters of thirteen water bodies. Analyses were conducted in the years 2008-2010. The experimental cycle were completed with analyses of ammonia nitrogen, nitrates(III), nitrates(V) and phosphates for waters of all the water bodies. The above-mentioned parameters were subjected to statistical analyses, for which RDA models were prepared taking into consideration dependent and explanatory variables.

PL

Małe zbiorniki wodne pełnią bardzo ważną funkcję w krajobrazie. Niestety, wiele z nich jest silnie zanieczyszczonych bądź ulega likwidacji. Badania prowadzono na trzynastu małych zbiornikach wodnych położonych na terenie Parku Krajobrazowego im. gen. D. Chłapowskiego. Zbiorniki różniły się położeniem w krajobrazie, parametrami morfometrycznymi (głębokością, kształtem, powierzchnią) oraz roślinnością wodną i bagienną. Część z nich to typowe zbiorniki krajobrazów rolniczych, leśnych, pozostałe to zbiorniki położone na terenach wiejskich i w parkach. Celem przeprowadzonych badań była analiza poziomu zanieczyszczenia wody zbiorników pod względem zawartości pierwiastków oraz biogenów. Badania zmierzały do wyjaśnienia, jakie zmienne środowiskowe (zależne, objaśniające) wpływają na rozkład badanych parametrów w wodach małych zbiorników. Analizowano poziomy stężeń pierwiastków śladowych (Li, Al, V, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Sr, Ag, Cd, Ba, Tl, Pb oraz Na, K, Fe, Ca, Mg), a także wartości pH w wodzie trzynastu zbiorników. Analizy prowadzono w latach 2008-2010. Cykl badawczy kończyły analizy azotu amonowego, azotynów, azotanów i fosforanów dla wody wszystkich zbiorników. Powyższe parametry zostały poddane analizie statystycznej, dla których wykonano modele RDA uwzględniające zmienne zależne oraz objaśniające.

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Zastosowanie GIS w procesie wdrażania Ramowej Dyrektywy Wodnej Unii Europejskiej

Maciejewski M., Barszczyńska M., Kubacka D., Łasut E., Rataj C., Walczykiewicz T.

Roczniki Geomatyki

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2005

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T. 3, z. 3

105-113

EN

After accession to the European Union, Poland commenced to implement the Community water policy. The main objective of the Water Framework Directive (WFD) is to achieve a good ecological status of surface and ground waters by 2015. The achievement of such status requires realization of investments as well as planning activities covering such spheres as planning of land use and utilization of natural resources. Including a lot of issues within one directive, so-called framework directive, requires application of modern tools, including GIS-tools enabling evaluation of the status and effects of planned programs. These tools allow current implementation of changes and conducting of spatial analysis of mutual impact of environmental components. The role of GIS-techniques in implementation of the WFD is double, on one side they are utilized for preparation of information layers e.g. river basin characteristics, chemical and ecological status of water bodies, reference conditions etc., and on the other side, preparation and delivery of GIS shapes needed for reporting. Up till now, the following information layers result from WFD implementation: responsible administrative bodies, water balance areas, protection areas, surface water categories, types and bodies, including transitional and coastal waters, ground water bodies and man-made pressures. Inventory of waters in accordance with EU guidelines covers the whole territory of Poland and is harmonized with the activities of neighboring countries. Additional value of the numerical data is the possibility of their utilization by institutions and social parties involved. Public participation is obligatory for the institutions which are involved in the implementation of the programs covering measures within the river basins.

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Jak definiować "water body" - o problemach niektórych definicji wynikających z Ramowej Dyrektywy Wodnej 2000/60/WE

Walczykiewicz T.

Gospodarka Wodna

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2003

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Nr 9

382-384

PL

Dostosowanie prawodawstwa polskiego do unijnego wymaga w pierwszej kolejności jednoznacznego określenia w języku polskim definicji i pojęć stosowanych w ustawodawstwie Unii Europejskiej. Odnosi się to także do ustawy Prawo wodne, co znalazło swój szczególny wyraz w artykule Jerzego Rotki „Zgodność ustawy Prawo wodne z Ramową Dyrektywą Wodną", zamieszczonym w nr. 7/2003 naszego czasopisma. Szczególne trudności interpretacyjne i żarliwe dyskusje budzą stosowane w Ramowej Dyrektywie Wodnej definicje „body of surface water" i „body of groundwater" kluczowe dla podziału wód na jednostki wykorzystywane do raportowania i oceny zgodności z podstawowymi celami środowiskowymi RDW. Redakcja liczy na ożywioną dyskusję - w tej i innych kwestiach związanych z wskazaniami RDW - na łamach naszego czasopisma, a w konsekwencji na przyjęcie zgodnej z intencjami legislatorów unijnych definicji w języku polskim.

EN

Adaptation of Polish legislation to the legislation of European Union requires first of all determination of Polish definitions and conceptions used in the legislation of European Union. That is right also in relation to the Water Act what has been particularly emphasized in the paper by Jerzy Rotko „Conformability of the Water Act with the Water Frame Directive" published in our magazine in the issue 7/2003. The greatest difficulties in interpretation and connected with them animated discussions arouse in relation to the used in the Water Frame Directive definitions „the body of surface water" and „the body of ground water" which are of crucial importance for division of waters into units utilized in reporting and estimation of compatibility with fundamental environmental aims of the Water Frame Directive. The editorial staff of Gospodarka Wodna expect an animated discussion - on that matter and on other questions connected with guidelines established by the Water Frame Directive - in columns of our magazine and as consequence of it - acceptation of definitions in Polish language compatible with intentions of legislators of the U.E.