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1

Annual Variation in the Performance of Settat Wastewater Stabilization Ponds Located in Settat City, Morocco

Dyaa Abou-Tammame, Jihane Fathi, Abdelhamid Bouzidi

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2021

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Vol. 22, nr 8

153--164

EN

The wastewater treatment plant of Settat city uses the natural lagooning technology, which requires low maintenance cost and little technical expertise. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the stability of plant performance during two years of operation (2019 and 2020), as well as the safety of its treated wastewater for reuse in agricultural irrigation. The results of this study show that the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), chemical oxygen demand (COD) and suspended solids (SS) did not exceed the Moroccan standards for discharge. They also show a good stable pollutant load reduction with a mean of 86.44%, 86.89% and 74.61%, for BOD5, COD and SS, respectively. On the other hand, microbiological characterization classifies the treated wastewater as "B" quality water, because the fecal coliform numbers exceed the requirement for "A" quality (1000 CFU/100 ml).

2

Effluent Quality Assessment of Selected Wastewater Treatment Plant in Jordan for Irrigation Purposes: Water Quality Index Approach

Ibrahim Mohamad Najib

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2019

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Vol. 20, nr 10

206--216

EN

The use of treated wastewater for irrigation purposes will be an essential component for sustainable water resources management, especially in the water-stressed countries as in Jordan. In this context, an attempt has been made to determine the suitability of effluent quality of selected wastewater treatment plants in Jordan for the irrigation purposes based on weighted arithmetic water quality index (WQI) approach, according to the Jordanian standards for reclaimed domestic wastewater. The effluent wastewater quality records from 22 wastewater treatment plants within a one-year-monitoring period from March 2015 to February 2016 were used. Fifteen physical, chemical, and microbiological parameters were selected to calculate WQI. According to the WQI scale classification, most of the selected wastewater treatment plants were not in full compliance with the Jordanian standards for the reclaimed domestic wastewater regarding the direct reuse of treated wastewater for the irrigation purposes. Therefore, for category A (i.e., vegetables that are normally eaten cooked, parking areas, sides of roads inside cities, and playgrounds), one plant is classified in the 'Excellent water' class and six plants as a "Good water" class. For category B (i.e., irrigation of fruit trees, green areas, and sides of roads outside the cities), one plant is classified in the 'Excellent water' class and twelve plants as a "Good water" class. For category C (i.e., irrigation of industrial crops, field crops, and forest trees), one plant is classified in the 'Excellent water' class and fifteen plants as a "Good water" class. The effective weight calculations identified that E. coli is considered the most effective parameter in the WQI values in category A, and to a lesser extent, SAR, pH, BOD, and NO3−. For category B, the SAR, pH and E. coli parameters are considered the most effective parameters in the WQI values. In turn, for category C, the SAR, pH, and PO4–3 parameters are considered the most effective parameters in the WQI values. Thus, these parameters based on category are considered as the main parameters which degrade the effluent wastewater quality for irrigation purposes. The results of this study are beneficial for the water managers and policymakers for proper actions on water resources and agricultural management in Jordan.

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Niedobory wody w Europie w kontekście ponownego wykorzystania ścieków

Ramm Klara

Gospodarka Wodna

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2019

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Nr 11

13--16

PL

Zmiany klimatu są faktem, mają znaczący wpływ na obieg wody w przyrodzie potęgując ekstremalne zjawiska suszy i powodzi. Niedobory wody w wodociągach stały się problemem wielu europejskich przedsiębiorstw. Warto czerpać z ich doświadczeń, na co zwracają uwagę także instytucje UE proponując nowe rozwiązania prawne jak np. odzysk wody do celów rolniczych [2].

EN

The climate change is a fact, having significant impact on water circulation in nature and aggravating extreme droughts and floods. Water shortages in water supply networks have become a problem for many European companies. Their experience is a valuable source, which is also noted by EU institutions proposing new legal solutions, such as water reclaimed for agricultural purposes [2].

4

Potential and limitations of wastewater reuse in the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan

Myszograj S., Qteishat O.

Civil and Environmental Engineering Reports

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2011

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No. 6

5-17

EN

Jordan represents a typically water constrained economy that is daily confronted with decisions on its water use. With a fast growing population and an expanding agricultural sector, the demand for alternatives of fresh water resources remains imminent. An important strategy for the Jordanian government is to meet the water demand for agricultural sector by producing more treated wastewater. In this paper characteristics of wastewater for WWTP Al-Baq'a, for example, weres introduced. Characterization of wastewater was evaluated in terms of measuring chemical oxygen demand, biological oxygen demand, total suspended solids, for the influent and effluent from the plants. The performance of the wastewater treatment plants was evaluated and the quality of the reclaimed wastewater was compared with Jordanian Standards to determine its suitability for reuse.

PL

Jednym z podstawowych sektorów zarządzania gospodarką wodną Jordanii jest strategia ponownego wykorzystania ścieków oczyszczonych. Ścieki oczyszczone są ważnym składnikiem bilansu wodnego Jordanii stanowiąc ok. 15 % zasobów wodnych tego kraju. Szybko rozwijające się rolnictwo, zużywa 64 % ogólnej ilości wody i wymaga szukania jej alternatywnych źródeł. Wydajność 22 jordańskich oczyszczalni ścieków wynosi ok. 100 milionów m3/rok. Większość obiektów jest mała, z wyjątkiem oczyszczalni As-Samra, która przyjmuje ok. 80% całkowitej ilości oczyszczanych ścieków. W pracy przedstawiono charakterystykę ścieków surowych i oczyszczonych z oczyszczalni Al-Balqa (wydajność 11,000 m3/d) na podstawie wartości ChZT, BZT5 i zawiesiny ogólnej. Efektywność oczyszczalni Al-Balqa oceniono na podstawie standardów jakości ścieków oczyszczonych obowiązujących w Jordanii i możliwości ich ponownego wykorzystania. Ze względu na wysoką wartość BZT5, ścieki oczyszczone mogą być wykorzystane tylko do nawadniania sadów, trawników, upraw roślin paszowych i lasów.

5

Water problems and countermeasures in ShenZhen special zone

Jie L.

Zeszyty Naukowe. Inżynieria Środowiska / Politechnika Opolska

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2003

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Vol. 291, z. 4

271-275

EN

ShenZhen is a water-scarce city and its annual average per capita natural water resource is only about 200 cubic meters. Therefore, water problems has now been the major driving force that hinders ShenZhen special zone's social and economic growth. Based on the analysis of the water environmental actuality, it is very necessary to find a way to solve these problems. Furthermore, an optimal approach-water conservation, promoting the degree of wastewater treatment, water reclaim and reuse-is presented to achieve the sustainable development of special zone's economy.

6

The analysis of wastewater reuse and seawater utilization - a case of Yantian district in ShenZhen

Bi-Yong X., Jie L., Jie Z.

Zeszyty Naukowe. Inżynieria Środowiska / Politechnika Opolska

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2003

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Vol. 291, z. 4

241-247

EN

Based on the analysis of existed measures for exploring new water resource and combined the specialty of Yantian district in ShenZhen, seawater utilization and wastewater reuse are presented as the main measures to solve its water-related problems. After the detail comparison between this two measures, wastewater reclamation and reuse is considered as an optimum way. However, it is convenient and economical for those inshore enterprises to use seawater directly.

7

Membranes as pretreatment to desalination in wastewater reuse. Operating experience in the municipal @ industrial sectors

Durham B., Bourbigot M., Pankratz T.

Zeszyty Naukowe. Inżynieria Środowiska / Politechnika Śląska

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2002

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z. 46

125-136

EN

This paper reviews the benefits of the wastewater reuse for industrial and municipal applications. It demonstrates how continuous microfiltration (CMF) pretreatment to RO can reduce capital and operating costs of RO systems, improve their efficiency and enable reliable operation on a wider variety of water sources. This information is supported by operational data from a number of CMF - RO installations worldwide on difficult to treat feed waters.

PL

Referat omawia korzyści płynące z ponownego wykorzystania ścieków oraz możliwości zastosowań opisanych rozwiązań w sektorze komunalnym i przemysłowym. Dowodzi on, jak daleko zastosowanie ciągłej mikrofiltracji (CMF) przed RO może zredukować koszty inwestycyjne i eksploatacyjne systemów RO, podnieść ich skuteczność i umożliwić niezawodne działanie w zastosowaniu do wód różnorodnego podchodzenia. Prezentowane informacje poparte są licznymi danymi eksploatacyjnymi uzyskanymi w skali światowej z instalacji CMF-RO stosowanych dla trudnych do oczyszczania wód różnego pochodzenia.