Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

Skuteczność koagulantów w usuwaniu wybranych zanieczyszczeń mikrobiologicznych i fizykochemicznych ze ścieków z przemysłu owocowo-warzywnego

Makara Agnieszka, Kmiecik Dominika, Kowalski Zygmunt

Przemysł Chemiczny

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2024

|

T. 103, nr 7

799--804

PL

Przedstawiono wyniki badań oczyszczania ścieków z przemysłu owo cowo-warzywnego metodą koagulacji, za pomocą zmiennych dawek koagulantów: glinowego PAX 18 i żelazowego PIX 113 (2–10 mL/L), oraz neutralizacji 10-proc. roztworem mleka wapiennego. Koagulant glinowy PAX 18 był bardziej skuteczny w usuwaniu zanieczyszczeń mi krobiologicznych. W oczyszczonych frakcjach ciekłych w całym zakresie stosowanych dawek nie stwierdzono obecności enterokoków i bakterii Escherichia coli, a ogólna liczba mikroorganizmów została obniżona o ponad 99%. Wartość ChZT została maksymalnie obniżona o 67% za pomocą koagulantu glinowego (dawka 2 mL/L) oraz o 72% za pomocą koagulantu żelazowego (dawka 6 mL/L). Barwę oczyszczonych ścieków obniżono o 88–97%, a mętność niemalże całkowicie (< 1 NTU)

EN

Wastewater from the fruit and vegetable industry was treated by co agulation, using variable doses of Al PAX 18 and Fe PIX 113 coagulants (2–10 mL/L) and neutralized with a 10% soln. of lime milk. The PAX 18 was more effective in removing microbiol. contaminants in the entire range of doses used. No enterococci or Escherichia coli were detected, and the total no. of microorganisms was reduced by more than 99%. The COD value was reduced by a max. of 67% using an Al coagulant (dose 2 mL/L) and by 72% using an Fe coagulant (dose 6 mL/L). The color of the treated sewage was reduced from 88 to 97%, and the tur bidity was almost completely reduced (< 1 NTU).

2

Synthesis and Characterization of a Contemporary Type of Metal-Organic Framework and its Application for Purification Wastewater from Toxic Methylene Blue Dye

Attar Osama Jassim, Alrubaye Rana Th. A.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2024

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Vol. 25, nr 1

37--48

EN

This paper describes the synthesis of a promising material and evaluates the suitability of a metal-organic framework (MOF-199) for purifying toxic methylene blue (MB) dye wastewater via an adsorption process. (MOF-199) is considered much better than traditional adsorbents. The research focused on determining the adsorption characteristics and dye removal effectiveness with MOF-199, where several factors were studied, including dye concentration, contact time, amount of adsorbent, and pH. The highest observed dye removal efficiency was 97.21% when the pH was 7.5, and the reaction duration was 90 minutes. This was achieved by adding 0.2 g of MOF-199 to a dye solution containing 20 mg/L methylene blue. The adsorption process was evaluated by Langmuir, and the Freundlich isotherm models. As the strong correlation factor (R2 = 0.9989) indicates a pseudo-second-order kinetic model describes the adsorption methylene blue by MOF-199 the best. This indicates that the main mechanism of dye removal is chemisorption. Finally, the MOF-199 material can have remarkable reusability as an adsorption material for MB and subsequent efficiency of MOF-199 exhibited a reduction of 14.43% after undergoing four cycles, compared to its initial state. Yet, it remained at a commendably high level.

3

Modeling of Dispersed Red 17 Dye Removal from an Aqueous Solution Using Artificial Neural Network

Ibrahim Abdullah I., Asmel Nabel K., Alabdraba Waleed M. S., Al-Nima Raid R. O.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2024

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Vol. 25, nr 2

10--19

EN

A significant amount of hazardous compounds has leaked into the environment due to the widespread usage of organic dyes, and it is essential that these dangerous contaminants be removed in a sustainable way. This study used varying amounts of H2O2 (0, 0.5, 1.5, 3, and 5) mM/L to extract the dye from the aqueous solution. Furthermore, concentrations of 0.4, 1, 1.7, and 2.3 mM/L of Fe+2 as FeSO4•7H2O were also utilized. Batch Advanced Oxidation Process (AOP) was carried out under various working conditions, including: contact time (5–60 min), mixing speed (100–300 rpm), and UV light intensity (0–40 W). Utilizing experimental data, the AOP efficiency of Dispersed Red 17 Dye was calculated. Genetic Cascade-forward Neural Network (GCNN) was employed as a machine-learning tool to forecast the oxidation efficiency and the amount of dye that would be removed from the aqueous solution, specifically Dispersed Red 17. When compared to experimental data, the best model had an R2 correlation value of 0.955. The findings of the importance analysis showed that the studied parameters affected the discoloration efficiency with order of: H2O2, UV, Fe+2, mixing speed, and contact time. The obtained results demonstrated the effectiveness of GCNN as a novel approach in forecasting the AOP efficiency of Dispersed Red 17 Dye.

4

Supplementary Treatment of Wastewater by Using Ecological Lime Derived from Eggshell Waste – A New Sustainable Strategy for Safe Reuse

Assal Aicha, Nasrellah Hamid, Aarfane Abdellatif, Bakasse Mina, El Mahi Mohammed, El Mostapha Lotfi

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2024

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Vol. 25, iss. 1

180--189

EN

Wastewater from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) often requires further treatment before it can be safely reused. Lime is a common and affordable material used for this purpose, but its production can generate significant environmental impacts. This study developed an eco-friendly and effective lime substitute from eggshell waste for wastewater treatment. First, pre-treated wastewater effluent from WWTP El Jadida, Morocco, was collected and characterized. It was found that COD, BOD5, and TSS values showed non-conformity from Moroccan discharge standards, as well as high concentrations of heavy metals such as cadmium (Cd), zinc (Zn), aluminum (Al), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), lead (Pb), silver (Ag), beryllium (Be), copper (Cu) and cobalt (Co). These pollutants represent a potential risk to human health and the environmental ecosystem. To reduce this pollution, the optimal mass of lime powder obtained by thermal treatment of eggshell waste was determined by testing a concentration series of 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, and 36 g·L-1. The findings confirmed that the addition of the optimal dose of prepared lime (24 g·L-1) resulted in a significant reduction in pollution parameters, with abatement rates of 77% for BOD5, 63% for COD and 66% for TSS, respectively. Furthermore, the eco-friendly lime substitute also showed promise in reducing the colorization rate for dyes by 84% and removing heavy metals through precipitation. However, the generated by-product loaded with toxic pollutants should be encapsulated in eco-materials to ensure safe operation and contribute to a sustainable management strategy for wastewater treatment.

5

Study of The Physico-Chemical and Microbiological Quality of Water from River Innaouene, Taza Province, Morocco

Fiouz Abderrahim, Chakiri Said, Najem Ayoub, El Hezzat Mounir, Abbou Mohamed Ben, Lamnii Abderrahim, Chibani Abdelkader, Aouji Marouane, Warad Ismail, Zarrouk Abdelkader

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2024

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Vol. 25, iss. 2

254--271

EN

In recent decades, the province of Taza has undergone extensive agricultural modernization, marked by an increase in industrial units such as modern oil mills and olive canneries. At the same time, rapid population growth has exacerbated an important problem, the deterioration of the quality of water resources in limited quantities. This study explored the heart of matter by meticulously sampling physico-chemical and bacteriological parameters at eight strategically chosen sites. Conducted in late July 2021, the survey focused on the surface waters of the Innaouene River, providing a timely and insightful examination of the complex dynamics of water quality in the context of modernization and demographic change. This work focused on the determination of physicochemical and microbiological parameters of water. The results of the analyses show that this river is subject to multiple constraints and reaches its tolerance level on most of its sections. A multivariate statistical approach: principal component analysis (PCA) has shown that water pollution in the Innaouene River is mainly related to untreated wastewater discharges into streams. Water quality is considered bad to very bad. Therefore, ecological and health impacts can occur.

6

Efficient and Sustainable Remediation of Refinery Wastewater Using Electrocoagulation and Advanced Oxidation Techniques

Albrazanjy Mohammed G., Hasan Muayad M., Al-Jadir Thaer, Kadhim Wafaa A, Rahim Mohd Hasbi Ab., Al-Rubaiey Najem A.

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2024

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Vol. 25, iss. 3

197--210

EN

Effluent wastewater from industrial processes needs to be properly treated before being discharged into the environment. Conventional procedures for handling this wastewater can be problematic due to the presence of toxic elements, time constraints, and complexity. However, a new electrochemical procedure has been developed as an effective method for remediation. In a recent study, refinery wastewater was successfully treated using an electrochemical technique combined with ultrasonic irradiation and photocatalysis. The study found that electrocoagulation, which uses cheap and recyclable metal electrodes, was a simple, efficient, practical, and cost-effective way to handle refinery wastewater. Various parameters were investigated, including electrode metals, operating time, applied voltage, pH, inter-electrode gap, and temperature. The aim was to determine the optimal configuration for pollutant removal. The study also focused on the synergistic effects of combining electrocoagulation and photocatalysis to improve the efficiency of contaminant removal in oily wastewater. By integrating these two treatment technologies, the researchers aimed to enhance pollutant removal rates, energy efficiency, and overall system performance. The research provided valuable insights into the feasibility, optimization parameters, and applicability of the electrocoagulation-photocatalysis process for remediating organic contaminants in oily wastewater industrial effluents. The results showed that electrocoagulation, especially when combined with ultrasonic irradiation and TiO2 photocatalysis, was highly effective in pollutant removal within a short timeframe. These findings support the implementation of this procedure for remediating most industrial wastewater.In conclusion, the study contributes to the development of more effective and sustainable water treatment strategies. The electrocoagulation-photocatalysis process shows promise in addressing the remediation of organic contaminants in oily wastewater from industrial processes.

7

Eksploatacja dmuchaw i dyfuzorów w małych oczyszczalniach ścieków z osadem czynnym

Błażejewski Ryszard

Technologia Wody

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2023

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Nr 2 (80)

12-18

PL

W artykule porównano parametry techniczne dmuchaw stosowanych w małych oczyszczalniach ścieków, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem ich sprawności energetycznej. Przedstawiono również uwagi odnośnie do eksploatacji dyfuzorów drobnopęcherzykowych w kontekście ich obrastania i zwiększania oporności hydraulicznej perforowanych membran.

EN

The article compares technical parameters of blowers used in smali sewage treatment plants, with particular emphasis on their energy efficiency. Comments on the operation and maintenance of fine-bubble diffusers in the context of fouling and increasing the hydraulic resistance of perforated membranes are also presented.

8

Sustainable Approaches to Plastics

Frąckowiak Stanisław

Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska

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2023

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Tom 25

128--140

EN

Environmental concern and awareness have led to the development of different sustainable approaches to reduce the environmental impact of waste plastics. A brief literature review was conducted to evaluate recent challenges and emerging ideas on this topic. The two most noticeable approaches identified here are the introduction of biodegradable polymers as replacements for conventional plastics and recycling post-consumer waste plastics. The sustainable approach protects the environment, reducing energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions.

9

Możliwości recyklingu wody w przemyśle piwowarskim

Kręgiel Dorota

Przemysł Spożywczy

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2023

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T. 77, nr 6

10--14

PL

Piwo jest piątym najczęściej spożywanym napojem na świecie, a branża browarnicza stanowi ważny segment gospodarczy w wielu krajach świata. Proces produkcji zużywa duże ilości wody i generuje nawet 10 l ściekow na 1 l wyprodukowanego piwa. Ścieki browarnicze zawierają wysokie poziomy węgla organicznego oraz fosforu i azotu, ale w porównaniu ze ściekami komunalnymi nie zawierają uciążliwych zanieczyszczeń, takich jak farmaceutyki czy patogeny pochodzenia jelitowego. Bogactwo związków organicznych w ściekach browarniczych sprawia, że mogą one stanowić wysokiej jakości składniki odżywcze dla hodowli drobnoustrojów. Zdaniem specjalistów, ścieki browarnicze powinny być poddawane recyklingowi, biorąc pod uwagę zmniejszające się zasoby wody i mocny trend gospodarki cyrkularnej. Artykuł ma na celu dokonanie syntetycznego przeglądu najważniejszych metod oczyszczania ścieków browarniczych.

EN

Beer is the fifth most consumed beverage in the world, and the brewing industry is an important economic segment in many countries of the world. The production proces consumes large amounts of water and generates up to 10 liters of wastewater per liter of beer produced. Brewery wastewater contains high levels of organic carbon, phosphorus and nitrogen, but compared to municipal wastewater, it does not contain nuisance pollutants such as pharmaceuticals or enteric pathogens. The richness of organic compounds in brewery wastewater makes it a high-quality nutrients medium for the cultivation of microorganisms. According to specialists, brewery wastewater should be recycled, taking into account the decreasing water resources and the strong trend of the circular economy. This article aims to provide a synthetic review of the most important methods of brewing wastewater treatment.

10

Wpływ procesu Fentona na wybrane parametry mikrobiologiczne i fizykochemiczne oczyszczanych ścieków z przemysłu drobiarskiego

Makara Agnieszka, Kowalski Zygmunt, Generowicz Agnieszka, Mala Marcin

Przemysł Chemiczny

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2023

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T. 102, nr 9

934--939

PL

Przedstawiono wyniki badań oczyszczania ścieków z przemysłu drobiarskiego metodą pogłębionego utleniania w procesie Fentona. Reakcje Fentona prowadzano przy stałej dawce katalizatora i zmiennych dawkach utleniacza, przy stosunku masowym Fe²+:H₂O₂ w zakresie 1:2-1:10. Zastosowana metoda pozwoliła na znaczne zmniejszenie ogólnej liczby mikroorganizmów oraz wyeliminowanie obecności bakterii z grupy coli i Escherichia coli, enterokoków i pałeczek Salmonella we wszystkich oczyszczanych próbkach ścieków w całym zakresie stosowanych dawek nadtlenku wodoru (4-20 g/L). Parametry fizykochemiczne ścieków, takie jak ChZT, barwa i mętność zostały maksymalnie obniżone o odpowiednio 95%, 98% i 100%.

EN

Wastewater from the poultry industry was treated by advanced oxidn. in the Fenton process. A constant catalyst dose and variable oxidant doses were used, with the Fe²+: H₂O₂ mass ratio in the range of 1:2-1:10. The treatment allowed for a significant redn. in the total no. of microorganisms and eliminated the presence of coli form, Escherichia coli bacteria, enterococci and Salmonella bacilli in all treated wastewater samples, in the entire range of H₂O₂ doses (4-20 g/L). The detd. phys. chem. parameters such as COD, color and turbidity were maximally reduced by 95, 98, and 100% resp.

11

Biosorpcja jonów miedzi na granulkach alginianowych : skuteczność procesu w warunkach ustalonych

Trawczyńska Ilona, Kwiatkowska-Marks Sylwia

Przemysł Chemiczny

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2023

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T. 102, nr 12

1364--1366

PL

Przedstawiono symulację biosorpcji jonów miedzi na granulkach alginianowych dla ustalonych wartości temperatury procesu. Ze względu na koszty związane z etapem chłodzenia często wymagane jest prowadzenie procesów w temperaturze zbliżonej do temperatury otoczenia. Na podstawie zaproponowanego modelu matematycznego obliczono skuteczność procesu biosorpcji w wąskim zakresie temp. 20-25°C, często stosowanym w przemyśle. Uzyskane wyniki dowodzą dużej wrażliwości procesu biosorpcji na zmianę temperatury. Obliczone wartości efektywnego współczynnika dyfuzji Deᵀ mieszczą się w przedziale 0,55-0,67∙10⁻⁹ m²/s, a przedstawione wyniki potwierdzają możliwość łatwego prognozowania De za pomocą proponowanej metody.

EN

A math. model of the biosorption process of Cu ions by alginates was created. The biosorption efficiency was detd. using the values of the effective diffusion coeff. (De) depending on the temperature, pH of the Cu soln. (P) and alginate content in the granules (C). Formulas for calcg. P and C were developed for the biosorption process carried out at temp. in the range of 9.8-60.2°C. The results prove the sensitivity of the biosorption process to temp. changes. The calcns. enable easy prediction of the effective diffusion coeff. De of the biosorption process.

12

Badania wstępne nad zwiększeniem efektywności pracy systemu oczyszczania ścieków garbarskich przy wykończeniu natryskowym

Śmiechowski Krzysztof, Żarłok Jan

Przegląd Włókienniczy - Włókno, Odzież, Skóra

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2023

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nr 6

26--31

PL

W pracy wykonano wstępne badania w zakresie oceny operacji wykończenia właściwego skór z punktu widzenia ekologii. Przedmiotem zainteresowania były ścieki powstające na skutek stosowania płaszcza wodnego. Przeprowadzono badania w warunkach przemysłowych dla 18 dniowego okresu recyklingu ścieków. Wykonano oznaczenie suchej masy i analizę laserową (rozkład wielkości cząstek) ścieków po każdej partii natryskiwanych skór obuwiowych. W laboratorium wykonano próby oczyszczenia ścieków. Zaproponowano koncepcję zmniejszenia zużycia wody w operacjach wykończania właściwego skór, dla metody natryskowej.

EN

In the work was carried out the preliminary research on the assessment of proper leather finishing operations from the ecological point of view. The subject of interest was wastewater generated as a result of the use of a water jacket. The tests were carried out in the industrial conditions for an 18-day wastewater recycling period. The dry matter determination and laser analysis (size distribution particles) of wastewater were performed after each batch of sprayed shoe leather. The wastewater purification tests were carried out in the laboratory. A concept of reducing using of water in leather finishing operations was proposed for the spraying method.

13

Influence of Effluent Quality from Sludge Dewatering on Electricity Consumption

Hyrycz Michał, Ochowiak Marek, Krupińska Andżelika, Włodarczak Sylwia

Polish Journal of Chemical Technology

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2023

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Vol. 25, nr 3

50--55

EN

During the dewatering process, centrate is produced, which is returned to the beginning of the technological system. The quality of the resulting centrate, and therefore the size of the returned load of pollutants, affects the demand for electricity in the process of biological wastewater treatment. The following study presents the results of centrate quality tests at five wastewater treatment plants located in Poland. The dependence between suspended solids content and ammonia and COD concentrations in the centrate was determined. It was estimated that an increase in the overall suspended solids leads to an increase in COD by about 1.15 kgCOD/kgTSS. No correlation was found between TSS concentration and ammonia. It was calculated that the complete elimination of suspended solids from the sludge would reduce the electricity consumption for all five objects by about 535 MWh/y.

14

The effect of water quality change on copper flotation

Acuña Claudio, Aedo Camila, Leiva Claudio, Flores Víctor

Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing

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2023

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Vol. 59, iss. 5

art. no. 186190

EN

Given the significant consumption and future demand for water resources, this paper intends to find the conditions for using a flotation process with different water quality. One of the alternatives is using water under secondary treatment with industrial water mixtures to partly recycle domestic wastewater and maximize metallurgical benefits. Results show that using wastewater (only with secondary treatment) in flotation is detrimental to copper recovery. However, molybdenum recovery is significantly improved. For mixtures with 50 [%] wastewater, 50 [ppm] frother, 20 [ppm] collector, and pH 10, copper recovery decrease amounts to 0.4 [%], while molybdenum shows a 2.4 [%] recovery increase. In addition, copper concentrate grade decreases by 1.4 [%], while molybdenum grade remains. Therefore, using wastewater is viable, particularly in the case of molybdenum. So, this study proposes using of water mixtures in the copper depression stage to improve molybdenum recovery.

15

The Application of Membrane Bioreactor for Greywater Treatment

Fikri Elanda, Zulkarnain Oryza Filial, Azizah R., Latif Mohd Talib, Firmansyah Yura Witsqa

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 24, nr 6

207--213

EN

Urban planning management should consider wastewater as a challenge. Wastewater, in this case, grey water, is full of dangerous contaminants and, at specific concentrations, can turn into a substance that affects the environment. The effluent of the released waste must therefore be managed to ensure that it complies with the government’s quality standard criteria. The membrane bioreactor (MBR) technology process produced waste effluents with low concentrations of biological oxygen demand (BOD5), chemical oxygen demand (COD), and total organic carbon (TOC), proving its higher efficiency as a biological processing stage. Total coliforms and E. coli are not present in processed products, detergents and total suspended solid (TSS) are effectively degraded. This is made possible by the considerably lower organic load; as a result, biomass accumulation slows and mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS), which have low value, are produced. With the assistance of continuous airflow, and without the use of chemicals or backwashing, an ultrafiltration module (UF) with a membrane cut-off size small enough to be able to create a constant permeate flux during the grey water treatment process is necessary. Although processed grey water does not pass denitrification, all parameters linked to the quality of the effluent water exceed environmental quality criteria.

16

Synthesis and Characterization of Photocatalyst Nanocomposite for the Degradation of Organic Pollutants in Wastewater

Ratnawulan, Rahmadhani Detty, Fauzi Ahmad, Jonuarti Riri, Supian Faridah Lisa, Jhora Fadhila Ulfa

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 24, nr 12

388--396

EN

Various efforts can be made to obtain clean water in the environment by utilizing semiconductor technology. This study aims to inform the synthesis and characterization of MnO2/CuO/Fe2O3 photocatalyst for crystal violet degradation in wastewater. Nanocomposite was synthesized through a sol-gel process with three semiconductor materials doped. X-ray diffraction (XRD) was employed to analyze the nanocomposite structure and determine crystal size. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) was used to provide functional groups in the nanocomposite. A scanning electron microscope (SEM) can characterize surface morphology and particle size. The results of the SEM show that an increase in sintering temperature causes the smallest particle sizes to be 54.79 nm. The result of characterization using the ultraviolet-visible (Uv-Vis) spectrophotometry analysis the most effective band gap value in photocatalyst activity was 1.36 eV. The optimum percent of degradation MnO2/CuO/Fe2O3 catalyst was 50.40% for the sample at a temperature of 400 °C under irradiation with sunlight for six hours. Test results show that increased sintering temperature increased the photocatalytic activity.

17

Study on the Composition and Environmental Impact of Sewage Sludge

Jumasheva Kamshat, Syrlybekkyzy Samal, Serikbayeva Akmaral, Nurbaeva Farida, Kolesnikov Alexandr

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 24, nr 3

315--322

EN

The article examinee the characteristics of sewage sludge and its impact on the environment. The description of technical installations, sludge sites in the municipal wastewater treatment systems, which are sources of unfavorable sanitary and epidemiological condition of the studied territory, was presented. A detailed analysis of the structure, composition and morphology of sludge sediment was given. It was found that the sludge presents a loose, rough heterogeneous porous structure represented by the presence of a fibrous substrate with amorphous scaly-crystalline inclusions. During laboratory analyses of the composition of the dry residue, the presence of such types of heavy metals as chromium, manganese, nickel, copper, zinc, lead, cobalt, molybdenum, cadmium was revealed. The excess of permissible concentrations of various elements was observed: chromium more than 7.1 at MPC – 6.0 by 1.18 times; copper more than 3.3 at MPC – 3.0 by 1.1 times; zinc more than 27.3 at MPC – 23.0 by 1.18 times; lead more than 34.3 at MPC – 32.0 by 1.07 times; cobalt more than 6.4 at MPC – 5.0 by 1.28 times; molybdenum more than 6.9 at MPC – 5.0 by 1.3 times. Soil analysis revealed a pH of 7.1, which is neutral, may be optimal for plants; the concentration of calcium, iron and chromium does not exceed the established maximum permissible values. When analyzing the air environment of the territory of the treatment facilities, the presence of gaseous pollutants, such as methane, ammonia, nitrogen dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, carbon monoxide, was established. It has been established that anthropogenic sludge landfills are the sources that create a technogenic load on the atmospheric air, polluting it with methane, since the concentration of methane exceeds the MPC by more than 3 times.

18

Studies on Adsorption of Petroleum Products under Static Conditions

Sabadash Vira, Lysko Vitaliy

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 24, nr 10

40--46

EN

This paper provides an overview of the adsorption of petroleum products, focusing on various aspects such as adsorbent types, mechanisms of adsorption, factors influencing efficiency, kinetics, equilibrium, practical applications, and environmental implications. It explores the properties and characteristics of adsorbents, including activated carbon, zeolites, clay minerals, silica gel, and others, highlighting their interaction with petroleum products. The article delves into the theories and mechanisms governing the adsorption process, discussing physical and chemical adsorption as well as the role of forces like van der Waals, hydrogen bonding, and electrostatic interactions. The results of experimental investigations were conducted to evaluate the adsorption capacities of various adsorbents for petroleum products. The adsorption performance, kinetics, and equilibrium behavior of different adsorbents were analyzed, providing insights into their effectiveness in removing petroleum contaminants from aqueous solutions. The adsorption kinetics and equilibrium studies were explored through mathematical models like Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. The practical applications of adsorption in the petroleum industry were discussed, including removing pollutants from wastewater, gas and diesel purification, and desulfurization. The environmental implications of adsorption technology in mitigating oil spills and reducing petroleum-related pollution were addressed. The conclusion emphasizes the significance of these studies in enhancing understanding, developing efficient solutions, and addressing environmental challenges associated with the petroleum industry. Ongoing research in this field aims to further improve adsorption processes for a more effective and sustainable approach.

19

Removal of Organic Pollutants from Wastewater Using Different Oxidation Strategies

Fajri Nibras Raad, Mohammed Rusul Naseer

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 24, nr 10

351--359

EN

Many countries use nontraditional methods to treat wastewater, especially those with water lacks. Among these methods, heterogeneous photocatalysis is more commonly widely used since it converts organic molecules into carbon dioxide and water. In this study, the photocatalytic degradation process of total organic carbon was investigated by TIO2/UV technique (TUT). This treatment is carried out in a batch recycle reactor using a UV light and catalyst TIO2. The optimum operating parameters were investigated regarding the best organic removal including, total organic carbon concentration, flow rate, pH, irradiation time, and photocatalysis dosage. The result showed that the TUT is affected by reducing total organic carbon (TOC) from synthetic wastewater (SW) by 61% at 50 ml/min of flow rate, 250 mg of catalyst concentration TIO2, and a concentration of TOC of 25 mg/l. Then the result of TUT was compared with a process of combining TIO2/UV and an oxidizing agent (Hydrogen peroxide H2O2). It was found that 73% of organic removal was obtained which is best than TUT when using an H2O2 dosage of 100 mg/l. Experimentally, Ozone was also added to the process of TUT and the result showed that the removal percentage increased to 80%.

20

Removal of Ni(II) Ions by Citric Acid-Functionalised Aloe vera Leaf Powder – Characterisation, Kinetics, and Isotherm Studies

Al-Amrani Waheeba Ahmed, Abdullah Rohaizan, Megat Hanafiah Megat Ahmad Kamal, Suah Faiz Bukhari Mohd

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 24, nr 4

217--227

EN

Aloe vera leaves (AVL), a by-product of agricultural waste, have been applied as a biosorbent for reducing Ni(II) ions in aqueous solutions. The biosorption capability of AVL powder was enhanced through chemical treatment with 0.10 M citric acid solution. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectrophotometer, scanning electron microscope coupled with energy dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX), pH of point-zero-charge (pHPZC), and pHslurry analyses were used to study the surface, and chemical properties of citric acid-treated Aloe vera leaf powder (CAAVLP). The setting for experiments such as pH solution, CAAVLP dose, initial concentration, and biosorption time was investigated. Maximum Ni(II) ion biosorption capability was determined to be 48.65 mg/g based on the Langmuir model at pH 6, a CAAVLP dose of 0.02 g, initial Ni(II) concentrations of 5 to 50 mg/L and biosorption time of 120 min. The data for the isotherm and kinetics were well matched with the Freundlich and pseudo-second-order models, respectively, with high regression correlation (R2) and low chi-square (χ2) values. The presence of more-COOH groups after treating AVL with citric acid resulted in more Ni(II) ions being able to be removed.