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Removal of Octyl Phenol Ethoxylate (OPE) Using Processed and Unprocessed Industrial Biological Waste Sludge

Dinçer Ali Rıza, Aral İbrahim Feda

Archives of Environmental Protection

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2021

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Vol. 47, no. 1

53--60

EN

This study investigated the Octyl Phenol Ethoxylate (OPE) removal potentials of raw and treated industrial treatment sludges (ITS) at different pH. Experiments were conducted in a set of 500 ml Erlenmeyer flasks, into which OPE solutions of 300 ml with different initial concentrations (50-300 μg/l) were added into. Adsorption of Octyl Phenol Ethoxylate from an aqueous solution into ITS105 (T=105°C), ITS300 (T=300°C), ITS600 (T=600°C) and ITS450 (pyrolyzed, T=450°C) was carried out at a room temperature. The OPE adsorption rate increase in the treatment sludge processed at 600°C. As opposed to the sludge treated at 105°C, the adsorption rate decreased as the concentration increased. The reason for this was that the porous structure was degraded at 600°C, and the surface charge balance was disrupted. ITS300 had a lower adsorption capacity for Octyl Phenol Ethoxylate removal than ITS105, ITS600 and ITS450 (pyrolyzed). The treatment sludge pyrolyzed at 450°C conformed with the Freundlich isotherm at pH 4 (R2=0.94) and pH 7 (R2=0.89). The treatment sludge heat-treated at 600°C conformed with the Freundlich isotherm at pH 4 (R2=0.97), pH 7 (R2=0.98) and pH 10 (R2=0.99). Additionally, for ITS600, the Brunauer, Emmett and Teller (BET) isotherm was valid at neutral pH. The OPE adsorption coefficient for ITS600 at pH 4 and pH 7 was calculated as 1.05 L/μg and 1.083 L/μg, respectively. According to the BET isotherm (for ITS600) the qm values at pH 4 and pH 7 were respectively 8.21 μg/g and 2.92 μg/g. The temperature of the adsorption value obtained with the Temkin isotherm showed that the interaction between the OPE and the adsorbent substances was not a chemical or ionic interaction but probably a physical interaction.

2

Waste sludge from washing dolomite aggregates as a raw material for brick production

Kłosek-Wawrzyn Ewelina, Łój Grzegorz, Bugaj Anna, Wons Wojciech

Gospodarka Surowcami Mineralnymi

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2019

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T. 35, z. 3

37--48

EN

The amount of waste from washing dolomite aggregates increases continuously. Aggregates are washed to remove clayey pollutants. They consist of a large amount of clay minerals and carbonates. Their properties and amount depends on the type of raw material and type of washing technology. Utilization of waste from washing aggregates is common problem and has not been sought out yet. Their usage as the raw material in ceramics might be environmentally friendly way to utilize them. This paper presents technological properties, phase composition and microstructure analysis of materials made of waste sludge from washing dolomite aggregates. Research was divided into three parts: technological properties analysis, phase composition analysis and microstructure analysis. Samples made of waste dolomite sludge were formed in laboratory clay brick vacuum extruder and fired at 900, 1000 and 1100°C. For final materials, apparent density, open porosity, water absorption, compressive strength and durability were examined. Results of technological research suggest the possibility of the application of the waste sludge from washing aggregates in building ceramics technology as bricks materials. Waste sludge from washing dolomite aggregates can be used as the main raw material of building ceramics masses. Without any additional technological operations (e.g. drying or grinding), the material with satisfactory properties was obtained. According to durability results all obtained materials can be used for masonry protected against water penetration and without contact with soil and ground water and also for masonry subjected to passive exposure (F0 – according to the standard EN 771-1).

PL

Ilość odpadów z płukania kruszyw dolomitowych stale wzrasta. Kruszywa płucze się w celu usunięcia zanieczyszczeń ilastych. Odpady z płukania charakteryzują się wysoką zawartością minerałów ilastych oraz węglanów. Ich właściwości zależą od charakterystyki płukanego surowca oraz zastosowanej technologii płukania. Problem utylizacji szlamów z płukania kruszyw wapiennych nie został rozwiązany do dzisiaj. Ich zagospodarowanie w ceramice budowlanej może przynieść korzyści ekologiczne i ekonomiczne. W pracy przedstawiono właściwości technologiczne, skład fazowy i analizę mikrostruktury materiałów wykonanych z odpadu z płukania kruszywa dolomitowego. Badania podzielono na trzy części: analizę właściwości technologicznych, analizę składu fazowego i analizę mikrostruktury. Próbki wykonane z odpadowego szlamu dolomitowego formowano w laboratoryjnej próżniowej prasie ślimakowej i wypalono w 900, 1000 i 1100°C. Dla otrzymanych tworzyw wyznaczono: gęstość pozorną, porowatość otwartą, absorpcję wody, wytrzymałość na ściskanie oraz trwałość. Wyniki badań technologicznych sugerują możliwość zastosowania odpadu z płukania kruszywa dolomitowego jako surowca mas w technologii wytwarzania ceramiki budowlanej. Bez zastosowania dodatkowych operacji technologicznych w przygotowaniu surowca uzyskano materiał o zadowalających właściwościach. Stwierdzono, że otrzymane tworzywa mogą być stosowane w murach zabezpieczonych przed przenikaniem wody, nie mających kontaktu z glebą i wodą gruntową, a także w warunkach obojętnych (wyrobach kategorii F0 zgodnie z normą EN 771-1).

3

Heavy metal adsorption by dewatered iron-containing waste sludge

Yildiz S., Sevinç S.

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. S

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2018

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Vol. 25, nr 3

431--456

EN

Drinking water treatment plants produce significant amounts of waste sludge. In this study, removal of Nickel ion by use of wastewater sludge was aimed. The adsorption capability of waste sludge was optimized with varying physical parameters such as pH, adsorbent dosage, adsorbate concentration, contact time, shaking speed and temperature. Initial concentration was set as 25 mg/dm3, absorbent dose was set as 0.3 g/cm3, and temperature was set as 25 °C. Compliance of balance data with Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin and D-R isotherm models was investigated. The highest R 2 values were obtained with Freundlich isotherm (R 2 = 0.92-0.95). Adsorption kinetics was analysed using pseudo-first order, pseudo-second order, Weber and Morris intraparticle diffusion and Elovich kinetic models, and the system was found to be in a better compliance with pseudo-second order kinetic model. Iron sludge was used as sorbent, and accordingly total iron ion measurements were carried out to determine its possible effects on water. Additionally, SEM, EDX, FTIR spectroscopy, XRD spectrum and atomic force microscope (AFM) measurements were conducted to determine the interaction between the sorbent and metal ions, in addition to characterization of the sorbent. As indicated by research results, drinking water treatment sludge proved to be a potential adsorbent for removal of nickel(II) ions from the solution.

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Sorption Capacity of Sewage Sludge for Ions of Selected Metals

Bezak-Mazur E., Piec A., Jamrożek A.

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. A

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2010

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Vol. 17, nr 11

1415-1420

EN

The study was conducted to determine the sorption capacity of excessive and fermented sewage sludge with respect to nickel(I) and lead(II). The sorption capacity of the sludge was found to be dependent on the content of organic matter and the iodine adsorption value. Samples of fermented sludge exhibited higher sorption capacity for both metals.

PL

Zbadano zdolności sorpcyjne jonów niklu(II) i ołowiu(II) przez osady ściekowe nadmierne i przefermentowane. Stwierdzono, że zdolnooeci sorpcyjne osadów zależą od zawartości w nich materii organicznej i od wartości liczby jodowej. Wyższe zdolności sorpcyjne dla obu metali miały próbki osadów przefermentowanych.

5

Zinc recovery from Zn(OH)2 waste sludge with use of spent ammonium chloride electrolyte

Stefanowicz T., Napieralska-Zagozda S., Osińska M.

Polish Journal of Applied Chemistry

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1998

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Vol. 42, nr 3-4

187-198

EN

Zinc recovery from Zn(OH)2 waste sludge was investigated by using the spent ammonium chloride electrolyte with anodes of platinum, lead, titanium and graphite. Trials with platinum and with graphite anodes evidenced that zinc electrowinning can be performed successfully with nearly theoretical current efficiency i1- electrol)'te is stirred continuously and replenished with Zn(OH)2 sludge initiall)' dried and ground. Powdered sludge should be added subsequently in small batches in order to maintain pH within the range of 5.0-5.5. In case of graphite anodes they should be enclosed in fabric bags to avoid sponge deposits on cathodes. The deposited zinc was of 99.3% purity. Anodes of titanium and lead occured to be unsuitable the fIrst due to excessive solubility and the second one due to passivation.