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An overview on techniques and regulations of mechanical-biological pre-treatment of municipal solid waste

Ritzkowski M., Heerenklage J., Stegmann R.

Environmental Biotechnology

2006

Vol. 2, No. 2

57-68

Landfilling of municipal solidwaste (MSW) causes significant problems from the production of landfill gas (LFG) and highly polluted leachate over long periods of time. These emissions have to be controlled, treated and sustainable reduced during the aftercare phase, incurring significant costs. Therefore, the overall wastemanagement strategy in Europe is towards reducing landfilling and promoting energy recovery fromMSW. However, as thermal treatment capacities are currently limited and incineration plants rely on largewaste input quantities (>150,000 t * a-1),mechanicalbiological pre-treatment (MBP) of waste was implemented as an alternative in different EU countries. By means of a combination ofmechanical pre-treatment and subsequent biological treatment, the emissions potential of the residual MSW can be significantly reduced under controlled conditions. As a result, MBP can be seen as an integral part of modern waste management concepts, including the mandatory separation of the high caloric fraction to be used as a fuel and for the production of biologically stabilised waste for landfilling. In order to improve the overall energy balance, modern MBP plants often include anaerobic treatment as the biological process component, hence increasing the efficiency of energy recovery from MSW.