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Microwave assisted production of biodiesel using CaO nano-catalyst produced from mango fallen leaves extract

Mahmood Sarah S., AL-Yaqoobi Atheer M.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

2025

Vol. 26, nr 1

248--259

With technological development, the use of modern methods in producing biofuels, especially biodiesel, has become necessary to make the process more sustainable and time-efficient. In this study, the feasibility of biodiesel production from waste cooking oil using CaO nanocatalyst produced from mango fallen leaves extract with the aid of microwave was explored. The effect of key parameters such as microwave power, methanol to oil w/w ratio, reaction time, and catalyst loading was studied. The results demonstrated that the highest yield of 96% was obtained at 10% microwave power at 15 minutes, 40% methanol to oil w/w ratio, and 3% catalyst loading. In addition, the augmentation in the temperature may cause to reduced yield of biodiesel. The physical and fuel characteristics of the produced biodiesel were measured; it had a viscosity of 5 mm2/s, a density of 0.889 g/cm3, and a flash point of 130 °C. In addition, the produced biodiesel was characterized by FTIR and gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS) analysis which ensured the presence of methyl ester.

Performance analysis of the CRDI diesel engine's performance and emission parameters blended with leftover cooking oil, additional nanoparticles, and hydrogen enrichment

Dond Dipak Kisan, Barshikar Raghavendra Rajendra, Ghongade Harshvardhan, Bhadre Anjali, Dond Shantaram

International Journal of Applied Mechanics and Engineering

2025

Vol. 30, no. 1

53--64

The low cost and wide availability of used cooking oil make it a desirable feedstock for the generation of biodiesel. In this study, Three distinct hydrogen enrichment values (4 lit/min, 6 lit/min, and 8 lit/min) and nanoparticle concentrations of 50, 100, and 150 PPM) are combined with used cooking oil blends (10%, 15%, and 20%) to evaluate the CRDI single-cylinder diesel engine's efficiency and emission properties. Split injection technique was used in the experiments to investigate the impact on emissions and engine efficiency. The outcomes reveal a significant improvement in brake thermal efficiency over standard diesel fuel, up to 8%. In addition, a noteworthy decrease was noted in particular fuel consumption and emissions parameters, including smoke, hydrocarbons (HC), and carbon monoxide (CO), under all experimental setups. On the other hand, there was a minor rise in nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions. With encouraging gains in performance and emissions characteristics, this study clarifies the feasibility of using used cooking oil blends with hydrogen nanoparticle enrichment as a sustainable alternative fuel for CRDI diesel engines. Increased environmental friendliness and overall efficiency could be achieved with this alternative fuel technology with additional refinement and optimisation of engine operating parameters.

Investigation of Waste Cooking Oil processing using HAAS automated reactors system

Tomikowska Róża, Tomikowski Rafał, Łapiński Krzysztof, Goderski Szymon, Kopiński Maciej, Siedlecki Marcin, Ochowiak Marek, Czernek Krystian

Green Sciences

2025

Vol. 27, nr 2

1--10

The processing of waste cooking oils (WCO) is a complex process that heavily depends on their chemical and physical properties. The work described in this article includes research on the processing of WCO samples using transesterification methods. An automated reactor system Matrix9 HAAS was used to perform process studies and FT-IR measurements. Transesterification of oils in the presence of KOH might be directly applied as the optimal one for oils with a low acid number, while for oils with a higher acid number an additional esterification step is advisable in the presence of an acid catalyst or under conditions of high temperature and pressure.