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EN
In this work, Polystyrene (PS) sheets were thermoformed in predetermined conditions. Wall thickness distributions obtained by experimental method in PS thermoformed products. Then the same thickness distributions were predicted by using Geometric Element Analysis (GEA). The thickness results were obtained experimentally, compared to thickness distributions which were predicted by GEA. It has been found that GEA does not precisely reveal thickness distributions.
EN
Purpose: The paper presents experimental results that concern hydromechanical bulging of copper and P265TR1 steel axisymmetric component whose relative wall thickness was s0/D=0.04 (where s0 is the wall thickness and D is outer diameter of tube segments). Design/methodology/approach: The basic parameters of the hydromechanical process of bulge forming are: liquid pressure and axial loading. The process is employed while manufacturing pipe connections, including axisymmetric components. Copper pipe connections are used in hydraulic, heating, gas and waste water systems. The technology involves placing a tube segment in a die-cavity, pouring some liquid over it, and sealing the faces. Findings: The experimental investigations, described in the paper, on hydromechanical bulge forming of copper and P265TR1 steel axisymmetric component with the ratio h/d1=0.67 (where h is height and d1 is diameter of spherical cup) aimed to compare the wall thickness distribution in longitudinal sections of axisymmetric components. Besides it, the aim of experimental inwestigations was to compare patterns of pressure changes and force at relative displacement up to ∆l/l0=0.06. Research limitations/implications: The results obtained in the experiment might be used as guidelines to develop a technological process for manufacturing such type of connections with the method of hydromechanical bulge forming. They also could be helpful while applying the method to industrial practice. Originality/value: The experimental investigations, described in the paper aimed to determine the possibility of hydromechanical bulge forming of axisymmetric components made from copper and steel tubes, compare force waveforms at the constant upsetting ratio, compare distribution of wall thickness.
PL
Opisano stanowisko badawcze SB420 zaprojektowane w celu prowadzenia badań procesów termoformowania tworzyw termoplastycznych oraz optymalizacji procesów termo formowania opakowań realizowanych na rolowych maszynach pakujących. Wyznaczono rozkłady grubości ścianek na przykładzie próżniowo wyformowanych opakowań o różnej głębokości, dla których przeprowadzono symulację MES. Pokazano nierównomierność grubości, w tym miejsca potencjalnie najcieńsze, które ograniczają kształtowalność wyrobu.
EN
Presented in the article is thermoforming device SB420 which was designed for thermoplastic materials research and optimization thermoforming process implemented especially on roll fed packing machines. Wall thickness distribution of thermoformed parts with different depth was determined. FEM analysis showed thickness variation and minimum part thickness which cause thermoforming limits.
PL
W artykule przedstawiono wpływ wybranych parametrów termoformowania próżniowego na rozkład grubości ścianki wyrobu. Na podstawie założonych parametrów procesu przeprowadzono analizę porównawczą. Wykonano obliczenia rozkładu grubości ścianki modelowego wyrobu dla wybranych materiałów polimerowych, które zweryfikowano eksperymentalnie.
EN
The article presents the influence of selected parameters of vacuum thermoforming on wall thickness distribution of the product. On the basis of assumed parameters of the process, the comparative analysis was conducted. The calculations of the wall thickness were performed for selected polymer materials, which were experimentally verified.
EN
Extrusion blow molding (EBM) is a widely used and known manufacturing process to produce thin or thick thermoplastic hollow object like cosmetics container or big drums. This process can be realized on extrusion blow molding machine and tooling. Each extrusion blow molding machine has a programming die head. The initial parison thickness distribution should be depended on final bottle geometry. However, to determine the proper distribution of parison thickness to get the most uniform thickness of the container wall, it is not an easy task. In order to precisely define this distribution is simple using Ansys Polyflow. The article includes a comparison of bottle wall thickness distribution obtain in real manufacturing conditions and in realizing Polyflow simulation. Also it will be propose an initial parison thickness distribution (programming) for the bottle design, which is manufacturing in the industry to pack nail polish remover. This will allow the packaging manufacturer to produce a bottle of a higher quality in terms of distribution of wall thickness.
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