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1 2004

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Astat w chemii i medycynie

Pruszyński M., Bilewicz A.

Wiadomości Chemiczne

2004

[Z] 58, 5-6

403--425

Astatine, element 85, is the heaviest halogen. The first synthesis of' 211At was performed by Corson by irradiation of 209Bi target with a-particles. Most of the chemical studies have been done using this isotope. Astatine is one of the most difficult clements to study from a chemical point of view, and our knowledge of its compounds is rather incomplete compared to what we know about other elements. For this there are several reasons, especially that the astatine have very short-lived isotopes which make it impractical to obtain weighable amounts of the element. Therefore, chemical studies of astatine can be performed only with very low concentrations - concentrations much less than the impurity levels commonly present in an experimental system. Radionuclide 211At has been newly discovered within development of nuclear medicine, because it has a lot of diserable and advantageous properties, that are required in cancer therapy. It's potential application was recognized due to the radiotoxicity associated with emission of a particle and that of its daughter 211Po. This review presents current knowledge about chemistry of astatine, especially its inorganic chemistry (e.g. valence states, anionic complexes of astatine with halogenides and pseudohalogenides ions etc.). Moreover, information is given about synthesis of some organic compounds of astatine. Special attention was paid on labelling of biologically active molecules with 211At and their potential applications in nuclear medicine.