Preferencje help
Widoczny [Schowaj] Abstrakt
Liczba wyników

Znaleziono wyników: 22

Liczba wyników na stronie
first rewind previous Strona / 2 next fast forward last
Wyniki wyszukiwania
Wyszukiwano:
w słowach kluczowych:  włókna syntetyczne
help Sortuj według:

help Ogranicz wyniki do:
first rewind previous Strona / 2 next fast forward last
EN
The properties of fibre reinforced concretes are currently the subject of many studies due to the possibility of using that type of material in various fields of building engineering. The fibre reinforced concretes are composite materials, that consist of a concrete matrix and fibers. There are applied many kinds of fibres, for example made of steel, polypropylene or glass. The addition of fibers to the concrete has a beneficial effect on many of its features, including increased impact strength, reduced shrinkage and it also improves concrete strength. The paper presents the possibilities of using reinforced concretes with the addition of steel and propylene fibres.
PL
Fibrobeton, czyli beton zbrojony włóknami, otrzymywany jest przez dodanie do mieszanki betonowej włókien metalicznych lub niemetalicznych. Przeprowadzone badania miały na celu sprawdzenie, czy norma PN-EN 14651, przeznaczona do trzypunktowego testu zginania betonowych próbek zbrojonych włóknami metalicznymi, może być również zastosowana do badań betonu z włóknami syntetycznymi. Zbadano ponadto urabialność i wytrzymałość na ściskanie betonu z włóknami i bez nich. Sprawdzono również, czy dana objętość i rodzaj zastosowanej fibry mógłby zastąpić tradycyjne zbrojenie prętami stalowymi, a więc czy badany kompozyt może pełnić funkcję konstrukcyjną. W ramach badań została przygotowana betonowa mieszanka bez włókien oraz mieszanka z dodatkiem 0,22% (2 kg/m3) włókien syntetycznych. Dla obu mieszanek ilość cementu, kruszywa, wody i superplastifikatora była identyczna. W artykule omówiono podstawy prowadzenia badań, zastosowane materiały, sposób przygotowania próbek oraz technikę badań i wyniki badań wytrzymałości na ściskanie.
EN
Fiber-reinforced concrete is obtained by adding metallic or nonmetallic fibers to the concrete mixture. The tests were carried out to check whether the PN-EN 14651 standard, intended for three-point bending test the concrete samples reinforced with metallic fibers, can also be used for testing the concrete samples reinforced with synthetic fibers. In addition, the workability and compressive strength of concrete with and without fibers were tested. It was also checked whether used volume and type of fiber could replace traditional reinforcement with steel bars, and thus whether the tested composite can function as a structure. As part of the research, concrete mixture without fibers and with the addition of 0,22% (2 kg/m3) of synthetic fibers were prepared. For both mixtures, the amount of cement, aggregate, water and superplasticizer was identical. The article presents the basics of testing, materials used, method of sample preparation as well as the test technique, and the results of the compressive strength tests.
PL
W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań wytrzymałości na rozciąganie przy zginaniu betonu z włóknami syntetycznymi. Badania wykonano zgodnie z normą PN-EN 14651 [5] jako test trzypunktowego zginania. Otrzymane wyniki porównano z innymi badaniami dostępnymi w literaturze oraz z wynikami obliczeń. Artykuł jest drugą częścią cyklu składającego się z trzech publikacji. W pierwszym artykule [1] opisano materiały i procedury badań oraz wyniki badań konsystencji i wytrzymałości na ściskanie betonu bez włókien oraz fibrobetonu. W ostatniej części przeprowadzona zostanie analiza wyników badań, w tym określenie energii pękania i zależności pomiędzy wytrzymałością na ściskanie i na rozciąganie przy zginaniu.
EN
The article presents the results of tests of bending tensile strength of concrete with synthetic fibres. The tests were carried out in accordance with the PN-EN 14651 standard as a threepoint bending test. The obtained results were compared with other tests results available in literature and with the results of calculations. The article is a second part of a cycle consisting of three publications. In the first article, materials and test procedures were described, as well as the results of the flexural and compressive tests of concrete with and without fibres. In the last part, the analysis of the test results, including the determination of the fracture energy and the relationship between compressive strength and flexural strength.
PL
Kontynuując cykl poświęcony surowcom włóknistym stosowanym współcześnie do produkcji przemysłowej papieru [1-3], w niniejszym artykule zaprezentowano nieroślinne surowce włókniste. Opisano, scharakteryzowano i zilustrowano włókna zwierzęce, mineralne, sztuczne i syntetyczne oraz metalowe. Przedstawiono ich zawartość w masie papierniczej. Omówiono właściwości tych włókien oraz cele, w jakich są stosowane.
EN
This article, the continuation of the series on fibrous raw materials used in paper manufacture [1-3] is dedicated to non-plant fibrous materials. These are: animal, mineral, artificial, synthetic and metallic fibers. Their content in papermaking pulp is presented. The properties of these fibers and the purpose of their application are discussed.
PL
Przedstawiono wyniki badań pirolizy w złożu stałym odpadów tekstylnych zawierających włókna syntetyczne, głównie poliestrowe. Ustalono optymalną temperaturę procesu (600°C) i scharakteryzowano jakość produktów stałych, ciekłych i gazowych. Wszystkie produkty charakteryzują się korzystnymi parametrami energetycznymi. Karbonizat poddano procesowi aktywacji ditlenkiem węgla i parą wodną w temperaturze 900°C. Uzyskano sorbenty węglowe o powierzchni BET równej 487 i 974 m²/g. Stwierdzono, że podczas pirolizy odpadów tekstylnych zawierających włókna syntetyczne można uzyskać interesujące prekursory adsorbentów węglowych.
EN
The results of investigations on fixed bed pyrolysis of textile waste containing synthetic fibers, especially polyester, have been presented. The optimum process temperature was found (600°C) and quality of solid, liquid and gas products has been determined. All products are characterized by favorable energetic parameters. The char has been activated by carbon dioxide and steam at 900°C. There have been obtained carbon sorbents of BET surface area equal to 487 and 974 m²/g. It has been found that during the pyrolysis of waste textiles containing synthetic fibers one can obtain interesting precursors of carbon adsorbents.
EN
This paper presents the effects of synthetic fibers from car tire recycling on the properties of binder course asphalt concrete. The asphalt concrete was produced in conventional hot mix asphalt technology as well as in lowered temperatures as warm mix (WMA) and half-warm mix asphalt (HWMA). The aim of the research was to analyze the influence of fiber content and the production technique on the air void content, moisture resistance (ITSR), resistance to permanent deformation (WTS AIR), stiffness modulus at 20°C and fatigue resistance under indirect tension test. The performed analyses have proven the influence of synthetic fibers on the characteristics of asphalt concrete produced in WMA technology (with synthetic F-T wax modified bitumen) and HWMA technology (with foamed bitumen) to be significant.
PL
Obecny stan wiedzy nie jest wystarczający do efektywnego kształtowania urabialności mieszanek samozagęszczalnych z dodatkiem zbrojenia rozproszonego. Konieczne są dalsze badania, zwłaszcza uwzględniające wpływ zmiennych właściwości geometrycznych i materiałowych włókien.
EN
In the paper the methodology and test results of the investigation are presented and discussed on the influence of steel and synthetic fibres on rheological properties of Fibre Reinforced Self-Compacting Concrete (FRSCC). The rheological parameters of FRSCC - behaves as a Bingham body, their rheological parameters yield value g and plastic viscosity h were determined by using new kind of rheometer BT2 to mortar and concrete mix research. In the research, an experimental verification of a significance of an influence: kind and volume fraction of fibres, lengths and shape of fibres on rheological properties of FRSCC was investigated. The rheological properties of steel FRSCC from workability point of view are better than for SCC with other types of fibres.
8
Content available remote Badania włókien i tekstyliów w aspekcie ich właściwości alergennych
PL
Prace badawcze poprowadzono w kierunku analizy uwarunkowań oddziaływania alergennego tekstyliów. Uwagę skoncentrowano na poznaniu przyczyn nadwrażliwości kontaktowej, wywołanej przez włókna i tekstylia, w aspekcie wptywu budowy chemicznej tworzywa włóknotwórczego oraz wpływu budowy morfologicznej i makroskopowej - jako czynnika mechanicznego podrażnienia skóry. Przedmiotem badań byty naturalne włókna białkowe: włókna wełny i włókna z jedwabiu naturalnego oraz włókna syntetyczne - włókna poliakrylo-nitrylowe, stanowiące substytut włókna wełny w wyrobach włókienniczych oraz włókna poliamidowe - jako substytut włókien jedwabiu naturalnego. Alergenne oddziaływanie włókien i tekstyliów analizowano również w aspekcie ewentualnych zmian budowy tworzywa włóknotwórczego badanych włókien oraz charakteru ich powierzchni pod wpływem działania czynników zewnętrznych. W badaniach uwzględniono takie czynniki, jak wydzielinę organizmu ludzkiego zwanego tłuszczopotem, w tym pot kwaśny, alkaliczny, łój skórny oraz oddziatywanie promieniowania słonecznego (promieniowanie UV), ciepła i wilgoci. W badaniach uwzględniono również możliwość oddziatywania alergennego tekstyliów, jako podłoża korzystnego dla rozwoju roztoczy kurzu domowego. Nadwrażliwość kontaktową skóry, wywołaną przez włókna i tekstylia oceniono na podstawie dermatologicznego testu działania drażniącego -przy bezpośrednim kontakcie włókien i tekstyliów ze skórą pacjenta oraz immunoenzymatycznej metody ELISA - oznaczenia stężenia antygenu Der p1, w wyciągach z kurzu pobranego z włókien i tekstyliów.
EN
The research was conducted to analyse the factors determining the allergenic properties of textiles. Attention was focused on identifications of the causes of contact hypersensitivity induced by fibres and textiles, in the aspect of effect exerted by chemical structure of the fibre material, as well as by its morphological and macroscopic structure - as a mechanical skin-irritating factor. The study was carried out on natural protein fibres: wool and natural silk, as well as synthetic ones - polyacrylnitrile fibres, used as wool substitute in textile products, and polyamide fibres - used as natural silk substitute. The allergenic effect of fibres and textiles were also analysed in the aspect of potential changes in fibre material structure and surface characteristics as a result of exposure to extrinsic factors. Such factors as natural excretion of the human organism, referred to as suint, including acid and alkaline sweat, sebum and effect of exposure to sunlight (UV radiation), heat and humidity were also taken into consideration. The study addressed also the possibility of allergenic effect of textiles as a medium favourable for the development of house dust mites. Contact hypersensitivity of the skin induced by fibres and textiles was assessed on the basis of a dermal irritation test - in direct contact of fibres and textiles with the patient`s skin, and with ELISA immunoenzymatic method - used to determine the concentration of Der p1 antigen in dust extracts obtained from fibres and textiles.
9
Content available remote Elektryzacja włókien filtracyjnych syntetycznych
PL
W pracy omówiono technologię produkcji naelektryzowanych włókien syntetycznych. Wysokowydajna elektryzacja jest realizowana metodą wysokonapięciową. Przedstawiono wyniki pomiarów wartości uzyskiwanego poziomu elektryzacji, utrzymywania się ładunków oraz skuteczności filtracji na naelektrzowanych włóknach cząstek o różnej granulacji.
EN
The paper describes the technology of electrized fibers production. High efficiency electrization is obtained by high voltage method. The results of electrization level and filtration efficiency measurements (on electrized fibers) are also presented.
EN
Corona discharge as one of the forms of atmospheric plasma is a future pro-ecological alternative of many conventional wet treatment processes but it can also significantly assist in performing these processes. This is however conditioned by the adaptation of corona discharge characteristics to the properties of textiles being treated and the use of plasma under controlled, appropriately optimized process conditions to the expected results. To accomplish the aim of this study, there was designed and made a generator adapted to the needs of corona discharge treatment of textiles, equipped with special, original multi-segment electrodes that make it possible to obtain the expected high extent of fiber surface modification, and to maintain the fiber original strength properties at the same time. The treatment of synthetic fiber fabrics with corona discharge by means of this generator under specified optimized process conditions, which allow one to provide the fibers under modification with an optimized unit energy of activation, results in both physical and chemical changes in the top layer of these fabrics and consequently causing a significant modification of the technological and performance properties of the fabrics. The changes in the basic surface properties of fabrics from three major types of synthetic fibers - polyester, polyamide and polypropylene fibers, taking place due to this modification, are presented in relation to three selected woven fabrics made from multi-filament continuous yarns. All in all, the preliminary modification of such woven fabrics with corona discharge and the resultant changes in surface properties results in the expected improvement in the technological and performance properties of the modified textiles, including first of all wettability, which exerts a positive influence on the conditions of applying various auxiliary agents or fiber dyeability, as well as considerable increase in the adhesion to various polymeric coats, quality improvement of laminate bonding, water-tightness of coated fabrics and fastness of pigment printed fabrics. Another important use of the energy of corona discharge for the activation of synthetic fiber top layer makes it possible to impart new performance properties to modified fabrics by the formation of activated functional nano-layers. The positive effects of the improvement in the technological and/or performance properties of textiles treated with corona discharge justify the usefulness of using this treatment as pro-ecological assistance in performing various fiber finishing processes, and in some application even as the alternative to conventional processes. Under present conditions of growing water and energy shortage and increasing hazard to the environment and its protection costs, this pro-ecological aspect of the plasma processes is of paramount importance.
EN
Corona discharge us one of the forms of atmospheric plasma is a future pro-ecological alternative of many conventional wet treatment processes but it can also significantly assist in performing these processes. This is however conditioned by the adaptation of corona discharge characteristics to the properties of textiles being treated and the use of plasma under controlled, appropriately optimized process conditions to the expected results. To accomplish the aim of this study, there was designed and made a generator adapted to the needs of corona discharge treatment of textiles, equipped with special, original multi-segment electrodes that make it possible to obtain the expected high extent of fiber surface modification, and to maintain the fiber original strength properties at the same time. The treatment of synthetic fiber fabrics with corona discharge by means of this generator under specified optimized process conditions, which allow one to provide the fibers under modification with an optimized unit energy of activation, results in both physical and chemical changes in the top layer of these fabrics and consequently causing a significant modification of the technological and performance properties of the fabrics. The changes in the basic surface properties of fabrics from three major types of synthetic fibers - polyester, polyamide and polypropylene fibers, taking place due to this modification, are presented in relation to three selected woven fabrics made from multi-filament continuous yarns. All in all, the preliminary modification of such woven fabrics with corona discharge and the resultant changes in surface properties results in the expected improvement in the technological and performance properties of the modified textiles, including first of all wettability, which exerts a positive influence on the conditions of applying various auxiliary agents or fiber dyeability, as well as considerable increase in the adhesion to various polymeric coats, quality improvement of laminate bonding, water-tightness of coated fabrics and fastness of pigment printed fabrics. Another important use of the energy of corona discharge for the activation of synthetic fiber top layer makes it possible to impart new performance properties to modified fabrics by the formation of activated functional nano-layers. The positive effects of the improvement in the technological and/or performance properties of textiles treated with corona discharge justify the usefulness of using this treatment as pro-ecological assistance in performing various fiber finishing processes, and in some application even as the alternative to conventional processes. Under present conditions of growing water and energy shortage and increasing hazard to the environment and its protection costs, this pro-ecological aspect of the plasma processes is of paramount importance.
EN
Corona discharge as one of the forms of atmospheric plasma is a future pro-ecological alternative of many conventional wet treatment processes but it can also significantly assist in performing these processes. This is however conditioned by the adaptation of corona discharge characteristics to the properties of textiles being treated and the use of plasma under controlled, appropriately optimized process conditions to the expected results. To accomplish the aim of this study, there was designed and made a generator adapted to the needs of corona discharge treatment of textiles, equipped with special, original multi-segment electrodes that make it possible to obtain the expected high extent of fiber surface modification. and to maintain the fiber original strength properties at the same time. The treatment of synthetic fiber fabrics with corona discharge by means of this generator under specified optimized process conditions, which allow one to provide the fibers under modification with an optimized unit energy of activation, results in both physical and chemical changes in the top layer of these fabrics and consequently causing a significant modification of the technological and performance properties of the fabrics. The changes in the basic surface properties of fabrics from three major types of synthetic fibers -polyester, polyamide and polypropylene fibers, taking place due to this modification, are presented in relation to three selected woven fabrics made from multi-filament continuous yarns. All in all, the preliminary modification of such woven fabrics with corona discharge and the resultant changes in surface properties results in the expected improvement in the technological and performance properties of the modified textiles, including first of all wettability, which exerts a positive influence on the conditions of applying various auxiliary agents or fiber dyeability, as well as considerable increase in the adhesion to various polymeric coats, quality improvement of laminate bonding, water-tightness of coated fabrics and fastness of pigment printed fabrics. Another important use of the energy of corona discharge for the activation of synthetic fiber top layer makes it possible to impart new performance properties to modified fabrics by the formation of activated functional nano-layers. The positive effects of the improvement in the technological and/or performance properties of textiles treated with corona discharge justify the usefulness of using this treatment as pro-ecological assistance in performing various fiber finishing processes, and in some application even as the alternative to conventional processes. Under present conditions of growing water and energy shortage and increasing hazard to the environment and its protection costs, this pro-ecological aspect of the plasma processes is of paramount importance.
EN
Corona discharge, constituting one of the forms of atmospheric plasma, is a pro-ecological alternative to many conventional processes of the wet treatment of textiles that can also assist in improving these processes. However, one has to adapt the characteristics of corona discharge to the properties of the textiles to be treated and to use this plasma under controlled conditions, optimized to the results expected. An appropriate generator was designed and built equipped with a special multi-point electrode which makes it possible to obtain the extent of surface layer modification expected without any deterioration in the original strength properties of the textiles. The treatment of synthetic fabrics with corona discharge using the generator developed under optimized process conditions, brings about physical and chemical changes in the structure of the surface layer, resulting in a considerable modification of the surface strength and performance properties of textiles. The paper discusses changes in the properties of three selected types of woven fabrics from polyester, polyamide and polypropylene fibres treated with corona discharges, including wettability, the bonding strength of laminated fabrics, as well as the water-tightness and resistance of pigment printed fabrics for multiple washing. The results obtained confirm the usefulness of the preliminary treatment of textiles with corona discharge in improving their quality.
PL
Wyładowania koronowe, stanowią przyszłościową, proekologiczną alternatywę wielu konwencjonalnych procesów obróbki mokrej tekstyliów, ale również mogą te procesy istotnie wspomagać. W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań wpływu wyładowań koronowych, aplikowanych w zoptymalizowanych zbliżonych do przemysłowych warunkach i z zastosowaniem skonstruowanego oryginalnego aktywatora, na zmiany właściwości fizycznych i chemicznych warstwy wierzchniej włókien syntetycznych PET, PA6 i PP, a w rezultacie i cech użytkowych aktywowanych tekstyliów, w tym zwilżalności, siły rozwarstwiania laminatów, wodoszczelności wyrobów powłokowych oraz odporności na ścieranie druków pigmentowych. Uzyskane efekty uzasadniają celowość zastosowania wstępnej obróbki wyładowaniami koronowymi, w określonych zoptymalizowanych warunkach, dla poprawy jakości odpowiednich wyrobów włókienniczych.
PL
Obecnie główną tendencją w rozwoju filtrów samochodowych jest wydłużenie ich okresów serwisowych. Dlatego powszechnie stosowane papiery filtracyjne zastępowane są coraz częściej syntetycznymi włókninami. Artykuł zawiera informacje dotyczące nowych syntetycznych włóknin materiałów wielowarstwowych (kompozytowych), materiałów o strukturze gradientowej i elektrycznie naładowanych, wytworzonych na bazie różnych polimerów. Opisane także zostały opracowane w Politechnice Radomskiej włókniny pneumotermiczne wytworzone na bazie polipropylenu i poliestru, nadające się do oczyszczania powietrza, paliwa i oleju silnikowego.
EN
Nowadays the main tendency in the development of car filters is the extension of their service life. Therefore the cellulose papers usually used as filter media have been replaced by synthetic unwoven webs. The paper contains information about new filter media made on the basis of different polymers for example: multilayer unwoven webs (composite media, media with a gradient structure and electrically charged. There are also described new polypropylene and polyester media developed in Technical University of Radom that can be used for air, fuel and engine oil cleaning.
EN
This paper presents some results of laboratory investigations conducted on the behaviour of sandy clay mixed with discrete, randomly oriented synthetic fibres of short length. The influence of fibres on the shear resistance of sandy clay was studied by means of direct shear tests. The fibre reinforcement effect on the compressibility of the sandy clay was also studied by means of oedometer tests. Both unreinforced (control) and fibre-reinforced sandy clay samples were tested at the same water content and the results analysed. It was found that a low quantity (0.25% by the dry unit weight of soil) of short length (25mm) polypropylene fibres increases the shear resistance and modifies significantly the shear stress-displacement behaviour of the sandy clay. There is an increase in both apparent cohesion and angle of shearing resistance of clayey soil due to fibres. The one-dimensional compressibility behaviour of fibre-reinforced and unreinforced sandy clay is quite similar.
PL
Artykuł ten przedstawia pewne wyniki badań laboratoryjnych prowadzonych nad własnościami gliny piaszczystej zmieszanej z krótkimi, dyskretnymi, przypadkowo zorientowanymi włóknami syntetycznymi. Wpływ tych włókien na wytrzymałość na ścianie gliny piaszczystej został zbadany w próbach bezpośredniego ścinania. Wpływ wzmocnienia przez włókna na ściśliwość gliny piaszczystej został zbadany również za pomocą badań endometrem. Próbki gliny piaszczystej zarówno niewzmocnionej (kontrolne) oraz wzmocnionej włóknami były badane przy tej samej wilgotności, a wyniki badań zostały przeanalizowane. Stwierdzono, że niewielka ilość (0,25% ciężaru właściwego gruntu w stanie suchym) krótkich (25 mm) włókien polipropylenu zwiększa wytrzymałość na ścianie oraz modyfikuje w istotny sposób zależność przesunięcia od naprężenia ścinającego gliny piaszczystej. Wartości zarówno spójności pozornej, jak i kąta wytrzymałości na ścianie gruntu gliniastego rosną pod wpływem włókien. Jednowymiarowa ściśliwość gliny piaszczystej wzmocnionej włóknami i niewzmocnionej jest dość podobna.
EN
The basic directions of R&D work carried out in the Institute of Chemical Fibres are presented in this paper. Traditional scientific fields, such as modifying of synthetic and natural polymers, manufacturing of fibres from these polymers, as well as alternative technologies for manufacture of cellulosic fibres are still an important part of the Institute's activity. But recently, more and more, come into prominence modern R&D goals. To the range of new research directions conducted at the Institute can be included biomaterials and their application in medicine and agriculture, biotechnological methods for manufacturing and processing of polymers and fibres as well as the biomass for obtaining polymers and fibres.
17
Content available remote Some R&D Trends at the Institute of Chemical Fibres
EN
The basic directions of R&D work carried out in the Institute of Chemical Fibres are presented in this paper. Traditional scientific fields, such as modifying of synthetic and natural polymers, manufacturing of fibres from these polymers, as well as alternative technologies for manufacture of cellulosic fibres are still an important part of the Institute's activity. But recently, more and more, come into prominence modern R&D goals. To the range of new research directions conducted at the Institute can be included biomaterials and their application in medicine and agriculture, biotechnological methods for manufacturing and processing of polymers and fibres as well as the biomass for obtaining polymers and fibres.
PL
W artykule przedstawiono podstawowe kierunki prac naukowo-badawczych i wdrożeniowych w Instytucie Włókien Chemicznych. Obok tradycyjnych zagadnień naukowych jak wytwarzanie i modyfikacja polimerów syntetycznych i naturalnych oraz włókien na ich podstawie, a także alternatywnych technologii wytwarzania włókien celulozowych, w ostatnim okresie istotnego znaczenia nabierają inne nowoczesne kierunki badawczo-rozwojowe. Zaliczyć do nich należy biomateriały i ich zastosowanie w medycynie i rolnictwie, biotechnologiczne metody wytwarzania i przetwarzania polimerów i włókien, a także wykorzystanie biomasy do otrzymywania polimerów i włókien.
first rewind previous Strona / 2 next fast forward last
JavaScript jest wyłączony w Twojej przeglądarce internetowej. Włącz go, a następnie odśwież stronę, aby móc w pełni z niej korzystać.