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The effect of kenaf loading on kenaf/ABS composites structure and thermal properties

Mashelmie S., Rabiatul Manisah M., Bahiyah Baba N., Mohd A.

Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 111, nr 2

49--56

EN

Purpose: Many manufacturers have recently become interested in using fiber-reinforced polymer composites (FRPs) in structural applications. Synthetic fibres, such as carbon and glass fibres, have been commercialised internationally for decades, but they cause environmental issues because synthetic fibres are non-biodegradable and difficult to recycle once they have served their purpose, potentially polluting the environment. Thus, natural fibre composites like kenaf is a possible replacement for synthetic fibre due to their superior physical and mechanical properties. Kenaf appears to be the best candidate for replacing synthetic fibres in order to accomplish the goal of environmental preservation while also displaying excellent properties such as equivalent specific strength, low density, and renewable resources. Design/methodology/approach: The kenaf fiber was treated in KOH and added to ABS matrix to produce new composites at different loading (10, 15, 20 and 25 wt.%) by using Two Roll Mill machine. The influence of the fiber on the composites properties was evaluated. The produced material was subjected to SEM, MFI, TGA and DSC analysis. Findings: The incorporation of the treated kenaf fiber has an influence on the properties of kenaf/ABS composites. The addition of 10 wt.% kenaf was found to be the best loading with MFI value, initial degradation temperature and glass transition temperature at 0.8208 g/10 min, 322.63°C and 130°C respectively. The fiber was well dispersed in the matrix and shown good adhesion to the ABS. The addition of treated fiber contribute to a reduction in the MFI, improved the thermal stability of the composites and typical effects of Tg of the composite compare to pure ABS. Research limitations/implications: The results suggest the need to continue the study in order to further analyse higher kenaf loading and shed more light on the properties of the composites to improve understanding of kenaf/ABS composites. Originality/value: Obtained results are a solution to alternative of synthetic fibers, which may contribute to the sustainable development of composites materials industry through the utilization of kenaf fiber with ABS matrix.

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Investigation of glass fiber influence on mechanical characteristics of natural fiber reinforced poliester composites : an experimental and numerical approach

Mohapatra Deepak Kumar, Deo Chitta Ranjan, Mishra Punyapriya

Composites Theory and Practice

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2022

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R. 22, nr 3

123--129

EN

In the past few decades, natural fiber reinforced polymeric composites have gained significant importance for various structural applications in different sectors like the automotive, aerospace, sports and building construction industries. However, hybridizations make the composite more versatile in term of strength, weight and its processing for many engineering applications. In the current study, a polyester resin matrix was reinforced with two different natural fibers, namely kenaf and palmyra palm leaf stalk (PPLS) and hybridized with glass fiber. Four layers of two different fiber mats, kenaf/glass and PPLS/glass with different stacking sequences were employed to fabricated laminates by the hand lay-up technique. In this case, an attempt was made using the numerical approach to investigate the influence of glass fiber on the mechanical characteristics of the laminates. To substantiate the results of the numerical approach, experiments were conducted. Enhancement of both the tensile and flexural strength was observed due to hybridization of both the kenaf and PPLS fiber with glass fiber. The tensile and flexural strength improved by 68.91 and 37.63% respectively when the kenaf fiber was hybridized with glass fiber. Similarly, enhancement of 54.42% of the tensile strength and 15.92% of the flexural strength were noticed when the PPLS fiber was hybridized with glass fiber. Through the use of ANSYS software, finite element analysis (FEA) was employed as a simulation method to examine the tensile and flexural strength. The numerical findings were found to be quite close to the experimental results, with a variation of less than 3%.

3

Biocomposites based on PHB filled with wood or kenaf fibers

Kuciel S., Liber-Kneć A.

Polimery

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2011

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T. 56, nr 3

218-223

EN

In this paper, possibilities of processing biocomposites based on polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) filled with 25 and 40 wt. % of wood flour or kenaf fibers are presented. Mechanical properties (tensile strength, modulus of elasticity) under three testing temperatures, a water absorption and its influence on properties, the process of biodegradation in the garden compost as well as SEM images of fractured composites are discussed. Modulus of elasticity and tensile strength increased with rising content of wood flour and kenaf fibres. The results show that PHB filled with kenaf fibers has higher mechanical properties, even despite higher ability to absorb water. Tested biocomposites absorb water and their mechanical properties decrease after exposure to water. It is caused by beginning of biodegradation process and resolving a biodegradable biopolymer in water. This property can be interesting for packaging especially for fresh produce like fruit or vegetables and for industrial products with short-time life cycles.

PL

Wytworzono biokompozyty na podstawie polihydroksymaślanu (PHB) napełniane dodatkiem 25 lub 40 % mączki drzewnej bądź włókien kenafu. Zbadano ich właściwości mechaniczne w statycznej próbie rozciągania (tabela 1), chłonność wody (rys. 2), oceniono także wpływ temperatury (rys. 3-6) oraz kompostowania na właściwości otrzymanych kompozytów (tabela 2). Zaobserwowano 5-krotny wzrost modułu sprężystości oraz 1,5-krotny wzrost wytrzymałości na rozciąganie kompozytów PHB z dodatkiem 40 % włókien kenafu. Kompozyty PHB napełniane włóknami kenafu, pomimo większej zdolności do wchłaniania wody, charakteryzują się lepszymi właściwościami mechanicznymi niż napełniane mączką drzewną. Obrazy SEM przedstawiają pęknięte, prostopadle do płaszczyzny rozciągania, włókna kenafu (rys. 7) oraz bardziej wzdłuż przekroju popękane włókna mączki drzewnej (rys. 8). Biodegradacja wytworzonych kompozytów przebiega stosunkowo wolno i po 40 dniach inkubacji w kompoście zmiany właściwości mechanicznych są niewielkie (nie przekraczają 10 % ich początkowych wartości). Predysponuje to takie biokompozyty do zastosowań na opakowania owoców i jarzyn (łubianki, koszyki, skrzynki etc.) lub na elementy ogrodowe bądź rolnicze (słupki, wsporniki).

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Biokompozyty na osnowie termoplastycznej skrobi lub mieszaniny polilaktydu ze skrobią napełniane włóknami naturalnymi

Kuciel S., Liber-Kneć A., Zajchowski S.

Polimery

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2009

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T. 54, nr 10

747-753

PL

Wytworzono kompozyty polimerowe nowej generacji na osnowie termoplastycznej skrobi kukurydzianej (BGS) lub ziemniaczanej (S2 i S3) albo mieszaniny polilaktydu ze skrobią (GBR), z napełniaczami naturalnymi (mączką drzewną bądź włóknami kenafu), przetwarzalne metodą wtryskiwania. Scharakteryzowano (metodą SEM) stopień homogenizacji biokompozytów oraz chłonność wody w funkcji czasu moczenia w niej. Oceniono podstawowe statyczne i dynamiczne właściwości mechaniczne jak również przetwórcze omawianych materiałów a także zbadano wpływ temperatury i czasu moczenia w wodzie (do 90 dni) na ich cechy wytrzymałościowe. Stwierdzono, że biokompozyty wykazują duży moduł sprężystości i dobrą odporność na działanie długotrwałych obciążeń, co wskazuje na możliwość ich zastosowania na wyroby techniczne.

EN

The polymer composites of new generation, consisting of thermoplastic corn starch (BGS) or potato starch (S2 and S3) or blend of polylactide with starch (GBR) filled with natural fillers (wood flour or kenaf fibers, Table 1), for injection molding processing, were prepared. The degree of homogenization of biocomposite was characterized by SEM method (Fig. 1-4). Water absorption versus soaking time (Fig. 5, 6) was also determined. The basic static and dynamic mechanical properties and processing properties of the materials discussed were evaluated. The effects of temperature and soaking time (in water) up to 90 days on the strength properties were studied as well (Table 2, Fig. 7-12). It was found that biocomposites showed high modulus of elasticity and good resistance to long-term loading, pointing to possibility of their applications as technical products.