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Review of Titanium Related Inclusions in Casting of Steel

Sheikh Ali R.

Archives of Foundry Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 23, iss. 2

127--136

EN

The general area of understanding is inclusions in steel both metallic and nonmetallic in nature. This work has also used the concepts of inclusions in steel in general other than Ti however mainly the research works done on precipitation, solute segregation, grain developments and equilibrium aspects of important inclusions like Ti in steel have been probed. Interaction of inclusions with slag oxides has also been incorporated. Interdependence of elements common in-between many inclusions has been marked. TiN, TixOy and MnS inclusions have been very outstanding in the confines of present research. Ratios and effective concentration have been highlighted in certain cases around the topic. Type of steels, compositions of the constituent elements and temperature correlation has been spotted in certain environments. A suggestive relation with the steel properties has also been inferred. Hardness, corrosion behaviour and strength stand out to be the parameters of vital importance when considering Ti inclusions in the form of either TiN or TixOy. Certain inclusions like MnS seem to nucleate on TiN inclusions and there is a correlation evident certainly in case of complex alloys.

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Possibilities of applying Ti (C, N) coatings on prosthetic elements : research with the use of human endothelial cells

Banaszek K., Wiktorowska-Owczarek A., Kowalczyk E., Klimek L.

Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics

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2016

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Vol. 18, no. 1

129--136

EN

Purpose: The aim of our study was to examine the effect of prosthetic alloys with Ti (C, N) coatings on viability and pro life ration of human cells employing an MTT assay with the use of human microvascular endothelial cells derived from the skin – HMEC-1 (Human Microvascular Endothelial Cells-1). Methods: Cylindrical shape samples made of Ni-Cralloy were divided into S1-S5 groups and coated with Ti (C, N) layers with different content of C and N. S0 group – control group without layer. The alloys (S0-S5) were stored in an experimental medium (MCDB131 with antibiotics) for 30 days and then HMEC-1 cells were incubated in the alloy extract for 24 and 96 hours. Next, cell viability was determined using MTT method. Results: In the case of samples incubated for both 24 and 96 hours there are statistically significant differences (with p-value <0.05) between the uncoated samples (S0 group) and all the other Ti (C, N) coated samples. Higher absorbance values were observed in all coated groups than in the control S0 group, where cell growth was statistically significantly lower. Conclusions: During incubation of endothelial cells with coated samples the number of cells was significantly bigger than the number with uncoated alloys. The best viability of cells was obtained from the S = 3 (with 51.94% at. Ti, 28.22% at. C and 19.84% at. N) group of samples. Ti (C, N) coatings may be applied as protective components on prosthetic elements made of base metal alloys.

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Redukcja związków tytanu z żużla typu wielkopiecowego i przejście tytanu do metalu w fazach ciekłych

Łędzki A., Stachura R., Migas P., Klimczyk A., Bernasowski M.

Hutnik, Wiadomości Hutnicze

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2009

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Vol. 76, nr 7

432-438

PL

Badania określone tematem publikacji prowadzono w celu rozszerzenia własnej bazy danych o żużle z ok. 10 % zawartością TiO2. Badania prowadzono podobnie jak w pracach [1÷5], ale na nowszych urządzeniach. Otrzymane wyniki badań pozwoliły – po przeliczeniach według właściwego algorytmu – otrzymać statystyczne funkcje niezbędne dla opracowania modelu określającego czasowe powstawanie i wydzielanie się warstwy węglikoazotków tytanu na węglowych ścianach garu wielkiego pieca. Warstwa ta jest naturalną ochroną przed nadmiernym i szybkim zużyciem drogich materiałów ogniotrwałych.

EN

The research, determined with the subject of publication were carrying out for purpose of enlarging the own data base by slags of approx. 10 % TiO2 contents. The research were conducted in similar way like at publications [1÷5], but with using more modern equipments. The statistical functions necessary for elaboration of the model which determines the formation and nucleation of titanium carbonitride protection layer on blast-furnace graphite lining were obtained. The evaluations of protective layer were made according to algorithm described in the publication. This layer is natural protection for excessive and quick consumption of expensive graphite lining materials.

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Model tworzenia i osadzania węglikoazotków tytanu na wyłożeniu węglowym wielkiego pieca

Łędzki A., Stachura R., Bernasowski M., Klimczyk A., Migas P., Wcisło Z.

Hutnik, Wiadomości Hutnicze

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2009

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Vol. 76, nr 7

439-444

PL

Opracowano algorytm, model i program dotyczący kontroli tworzenia się warstwy ochronnej węglikoazotków tytanu na wyłożeniu węglowym wielkiego pieca. Wiele ośrodków hutniczych stosuje we wsadzie wielkopiecowym związki tytanu dla ww. celu, ale jak na razie nikt nie przedstawił tego działania technologicznego poprzez zintegrowany system kontroli m.in. tworzenia i powstawania tej warstwy. W niniejszej publikacji prezentuje się to w miarę szczegółowo wraz z symulacjami i weryfikacjami. Taki model może stać się częścią (podmodelem) zintegrowanego systemu – autorstwa ww. Autorów – zakupionego i zastosowanego w ArcellorMittal Steel.

EN

The algorithm, model and application referring to the monitoring of titanium carbonitride formation on the blast furnace graphite lining area were elaborated. Blast furnace charge containing titanium compounds is applied at many metallurgical plants, but at present any technological action such as integrated system of controlling and monitoring formation of the titanium carbonitride have been presented. In this publication the simulations and verifications this technological undertaking in detail manner are presented. This kind of model (submodel) may become the element of integrated system, which had been worked out by authors’of the paper, then purchased and applied to ArcellorMittalSteel.

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The impact of titanium and its compounds on blast furnace operation

Frohlichova M., Frohlich L., Borovsky T.

Hutnik, Wiadomości Hutnicze

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2007

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Vol. 74, nr 7

347-349

EN

This work is aimed at the theoretical aspects of carbonitrides production in relation to using Titanium technology for blast furnace hearth protection. With the purpose of the carbonitrides formation, the raw materials with titanium content, which protect the lining of the blast furnace hearth against wear and in this way prolong its working life, are added into the blast furnace.

PL

Niniejsza praca dotyczy teoretycznych aspektów tworzenia węglikoazotków w odniesieniu do technologii wielkopiecowej z wykorzystaniem tytanu I ochrony trzonu wielkiego pieca. Uwzględniając tworzenie węglikoazotków dodawane są materiały wsadowe zawierające tytan, które stanowią ochronę wyłożenia ogniotrwałego trzonu i w ten sposób wydłużają jego żywotność.