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1

Potencjał sekwestracji węgla i pochłaniania ditlenku węgla przez polskie rolnictwo

Faber Antoni, Jarosz Zuzanna, Mocny Krystian

Przemysł Chemiczny

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2023

|

T. 102, nr 12

1371--1373

PL

Na podstawie danych FAO oraz z Monitoringu Chemizmu Gleb Ornych w Polsce przedstawiono bazowe sekwestracje węgla organicznego w glebach Polski w 2020 r., potencjalne sekwestracje w 2040 r. dla scenariusza bez wprowadzenia rolnictwa węglowego oraz potencjalne pochłanianie CO₂ dla scenariusza, w którym praktyki rolnictwa węglowego zwiększą o 20% dopływ węgla organicznego do gleby.

EN

The baseline sequestration of org. C in Polish soils in 2020 and in the 2040 perspective was statistically estimated and compared based on FAO data and data from the Agricultural Soil Chemistry Monitoring in Poland. Potential sequestration in 2040 for a scenario without the introduction of C farming and potential CO₂ sequestration for a scenario in which C farming practices increase soil org. C inputs by 20% were presented.

2

Determination and evaluation of seasonal changes of DBPs after chlorination in networks using underground water. Muş, Turkey case

Avşar Edip, Sönmez Mücahit, Kiliç Adile

Environment Protection Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 48, nr 4

5--19

EN

This study aimed to determine the seasonal change of the concentrations of trihalomethanes (THMs) and one of the newly emerging byproducts haloacetonitriles (HANs), the most abundant group of some disinfection by-products (DBPs) forming as a result of chlorination of drinking water supplied from 2 different reservoirs to the city centre of Muş for disinfection purposes and called chlorinated organic halogens. The quantitative determination of these compounds, some of which may have carcinogenic properties, and the evaluation of their possible effects on public health constitute the importance of the study. The results show that although there is not sufficient chlorination in both water networks and total organic carbon (TOC) values are low in underground water, the total THMs some-times exceed the 100 μg/dm3 value applied in Turkey and pose a risk. It was observed that the total HAN values remain below the 2 μg/dm3 concentration in both networks.

3

Węgiel organiczny jako czynnik determinujący pH i zawartość składników pokarmowych w glebach

Kuśmierz Sebastian, Tkaczyk Przemysław, Skowrońska Monika, Bronowicka-Mielniczuk Urszula, Walczak Jacek

Przemysł Chemiczny

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2021

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T. 100, nr 8

758--761

PL

Na podstawie dwuletnich badań środowiskowych określono zależności pomiędzy poziomem węgla organicznego w glebach a ich pH oraz zawartością przyswajalnych form fosforu, potasu i magnezu. Stwierdzono, że poprawa zasobności gleb w węgiel organiczny może stanowić skuteczne narzędzie zarówno optymalizacji odczynu, jak i zwiększenia wykorzystania związków magnezu i fosforu zgromadzonych w agroekosystemach w formach niedostępnych dla roślin.

EN

A relationship between the level of org. C in soils and their pH as well as the content of available forms of P K and Mg was detd. in long-term field studies. The C content was found an effective tool both in optimizing pH and increasing the use of Mg and P accumulated in agroecosystems in forms unavailable to plants.

4

Valorisation of sewage sludge humic compounds in the aspect of its application in natural environment

Jakubus Monika, Bakinowska Ewa, Tobiašová Erika

Environment Protection Engineering

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2021

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Vol. 47, nr 1

67--83

EN

The valorization of sewage sludge (SS) has been presented originating from four wastewaters treated in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) located in the Wielkopolska province. In the SS samples collected in two successive years, the quantity and quality of humic substances (HSs), fulvic and humic acids (FAs, HAs), amounts of organic carbon (TOC), organic matter (OM), labile carbon (CL), and water extracted organic carbon (WEOC) were determined. It was investigated how the defined parameters depend on the size of the installation and select those which in a routine SS analysis facilitate rapid assessment of their quality and suitability for application in the natural environment. Regardless of WWTP size and the year of analysis, SS was characterized by a significant share of easily decomposable compounds such as FAs and WEOC. The statistical analysis showed significant usefulness of CL, FAs, and HAs in the evaluation of SS quality and usability.

5

Badania materii organicznej rozproszonej w skałach osadowych

Klimuszko Ewa

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2019

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Vol. 67, nr 1

39--40

EN

The paper presents a short outline of geochemical and petrographical study of dispersed organic matter in sedimentary rocks that was conducted at the Polish Geological Institute starting with the end of the 70. of the 20th century.

6

Dissolved Organic Carbon and Biodegradable Dissolved Organic Carbon determination in river water of the Strug basin

Piech Adam, Trzyna Krzysztof, Skwarczynska-Wojsa Agata, Douglas Timothy

Czasopismo Inżynierii Lądowej, Środowiska i Architektury / Journal of Civil Engineering, Environment and Architecture

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2019

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z. 66, nr 1

27--35

EN

The aim of the study was to determine Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC) and Biodegradable Dissolved Organic Carbon (BDOC) concentrations, as well as the correlation between them, in the river water of the Strug basin located in the Carpathian Foothills. The Strug river's hydrographic basin was chosen for the study as it is a typical catchment area, which allows ease of measurement. DOC concentrations in the streams (tributaries) and the Strug ranged from 2.71 to 4.88 mgC/dm3 and from 3.62 to 4.19 mgC/dm3 , respectively. BDOC concentrations in the streams and the Strug ranged from 0.40 to 1.09 mgC/dm3 and from 0.64 to 0.77 mgC/dm3 , respectively. BDOC, expressed as the percentage of DOC (%BDOC) ranged from 14.76 to 24.78% in the streams, and from 17.68 to 20.11% in the Strug. The procentage of BDOC is independent of DOC concentrations. The season of the year and the size of the watercourse had the greatest impact on DOC and BDOC concentrations.

7

Rola alternatywnych źródeł węgla organicznego w kontekście koncepcji gospodarki o obiegu zamkniętym oraz nowego paradygmatu oczyszczania ścieków

Mąkinia J., Czerwionka K.

Forum Eksploatatora

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2018

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Nr 6 (99)

28-31

PL

Koncepcja gospodarki o obiegu zamkniętym (GOZ) - Parlament Europejski pracuje nad przepisami, które mają poprawić gospodarkę odpadami i pomóc w przejściu od gospodarki liniowej do gospodarki o obiegu zamkniętym (http://www.europarl.europa.eu). Tradycyjny model ekonomiczny jest oparty o liniowy schemat „weź-wyprodukuj-użyj-wyrzuć”. Kontrastuje on z nową koncepcją produkcji i konsumpcji o obiegu zamkniętym, która polega na „dzieleniu się, pożyczaniu, ponownym użyciu, naprawie, odnawianiu i recyklingu istniejących materiałów i produktów tak długo, jak to możliwe”. W praktyce oznacza to konieczność wydłużenia cyklu i życia produktów, ograniczenia do minimum powstawania odpadów oraz powtórne wykorzystanie surowców i odpadów. Takie działania mają też przyczynić się do zmniejszenia zużycia energii i emisji gazów cieplarnianych.

8

Storage capacity of organic carbon in the reclaimed postmining technosols

Greinert A., Drab M., Śliwińska A.

Environment Protection Engineering

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2018

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Vol. 44, nr 1

117--127

EN

Soil is a huge reservoir of carbon, which is both organically and chemically bounded. Sequestration ability of soil amounting to 0.9±0.3 Pg C.y-1represents significant item in carbon balance. Reclamation activities aimed at soil creating contributes to the carbon binding in the form of complex compounds. This work characterizes fluctuations of organic carbon in post-lignite-mining sites located in Leknica (Poland, Lubuskie Province) after afforestation with Pinus sylvestris. The results present the situation 25 years after the reclamation field experiment commencement Satisfactory effect in growth and development of pine forest was accomplished by liming and NPK application. After 25 years of the experiment start point, the litter deposition gained 2.5-4.0 cm and the initial humic horizon, lying directly beneath reached 4.0-6.5 cm. An average carbon accumulation in surface litter amounted to 2.86 kg.m-2and in initial humic horizons to 0.68 kg.m-2. This indicates an average sequestration of 130 Mg CO2per 1 ha of reclaimed area.

9

Degradation of pulp mill wastewater by a heterogeneous Fenton-like catalyst Fe/Mn supported on zeolite

Wang Y., Shia S., Wang C., Fanga S.

Environment Protection Engineering

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2018

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Vol. 44, nr 2

131--145

EN

A novel heterogeneous catalyst, Fe/Mn supported on NaY zeolite, was effectively applied for treating pulp mill effluents. The results of the wastewater quality analysis showed that aromatic structures were present in raw pulp mill effluents, which indicated the difficulty for biodegradation treatments. Two different catalysts were prepared by impregnation (Fe-Mn/NaYim) and sol-gel (Fe-Mn/NaYsg) methods, respectively. The Fe-Mn/NaYsg catalyst demonstrated higher COD removal efficiency and was more stable than the Fe-Mn/NaYim catalyst. The synergistic effects were found between Fe and Mn for COD removal. The highest COD removal efficiency (75.2%) was yielded with the Fe-Mn/NaYsg catalyst (Fe/Mn molar ratio of 2) with 4 mmol/dm3 of H2O2 and 1.2 g/dm3 of catalyst addition. A constant COD removal over time was obtained; the COD removal efficiency amounted to 45% after the Fe-Mn/NaYsg catalyst repeatedly degrading pulp mill effluents for five times. The distribution and transformation of the polarity and molecular weight (MW) of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in the heterogeneous Fenton process were also studied. Experiments showed that the hydrophobic fraction comprised the largest fraction of DOC (60%) in raw wastewater and high MW molecules were transformed into low MW molecules after the heterogeneous Fenton process. This study broadened the application of the Fenton technology.

10

Mechanisms of biological processes in domestic wastewater treatment plants

Myszograj S.

Civil and Environmental Engineering Reports

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2018

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Vol. 28, no. 3

177--192

EN

The growing demand for solutions of household sewage treatment plants means that many new or improved technological solutions are available on the market. The implementation of these technologies is associated with the need to known the mechanisms of the unitary biological processes occurring when removing organic carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus from wastewater. Determining the optimal conditions for these processes will determine the correct operation of the household sewage treatment plant.

PL

Rosnący popyt na rozwiązania oczyszczalni przydomowych spowodował, że na rynku dostępnych jest wiele nowych lub ulepszonych rozwiązań technologicznych. Wdrażanie tych technologii wiąże się z koniecznością poznania mechanizmów jednostkowych procesów biologicznych zachodzących podczas usuwania ze ścieków związków węgla organicznego, azotu i fosforu. Ustalenie optymalnych warunków prowadzenia tych procesów decydować będzie o poprawnej eksploatacji przydomowej oczyszczalni ścieków.

11

Właściwości chemiczne i biochemiczne gleb na wybranych terenach założeń rezydencjonalno-folwarcznych powiatu kamieńskiego, w których funkcjonowały państwowe gospodarstwa rolne

Telesiński A., Futa B., Rzeszotarska-Pałka M., Stręk M., Płatkowski M.

Woda-Środowisko-Obszary Wiejskie

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2017

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T. 17, z. 3

113--122

PL

Celem podjętych badań było określenie wpływu zmian w użytkowaniu terenów założeń rezydencjonalnofolwarcznych powiatu kamieńskiego, w których funkcjonowały państwowe gospodarstwa rolne, na właściwości chemiczne i biochemiczne gleb. Badania przeprowadzono na próbkach gleby pobranych z głębokości 0–30 cm przy wejściu do dworku lub pałacu i na obszarze parku, w miejscowościach: Gadom, Samlino, Benice, Margowo, Stuchowo i Miłachowo. Wybrane obiekty różnią się sposobem użytkowania i zagospodarowania. W pobranych próbkach oznaczono: skład granulometryczny, zawartość węgla organicznego, azotu ogółem, azotu amonowego, azotu azotanowego, pH oraz aktywność dehydrogenaz, fosfatazy kwaśnej, fosfatazy zasadowej i ureazy. Uzyskane wyniki wykazały brak wyraźnej zależności między właściwościami gleby a lokalizacją miejsca poboru próbek. Można jednak stwierdzić, że gleba na terenach, na których rezydencje zachowane są w dobrym lub bardzo dobrym stanie, a założenia parkowe zostały poddane rewaloryzacji charakteryzowała się lepszymi właściwościami chemicznymi oraz wyższą aktywnością enzymatyczną.

EN

The aim of study was to assess of chemical properties and enzymatic activity in soil of residential and manor estates areas of Kamieński district, in which State Run Farms (PGR) have functioned. The study was carried out on soil samples collected from 0–30 cm depth at the entrance to the manor house or palace, and in the park in localities: Gadom, Samlino, Benice, Margowo, Stuchowo i Miłachowo. Selected areas differ in the way the use and development. In soil samples granulometric composition, content of organic carbon, nitrogen total, ammonium nitrogen, nitrate ammonium, pH, and activity of dehydrogenases, acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, urease were determined. Obtained results showed no relationships between the properties of the soil and the place of sampling location. However, the soil in areas, where residences are kept in good or very good condition and assumptions parks have been subjected to restoration, characterized by better chemical properties and higher enzymatic activity.

12

Materia organiczna jako warunek uzyskania gleby z nadkładu zrekultywowanego zwałowiska zewnętrznego KWB „Bełchatów”

Pudełko A.

Wiadomości Górnicze

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2017

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R. 68, nr 2

98--106

PL

W artykule na podstawie badań laboratoryjnych opisano zawartość substancji organicznych i ich skład frakcyjny w glebie industrioziemnej różniącej się pod względem uziarnienia. Próbki do badań pobrano ze zwałowiska zewnętrznego zrekultywowanego w kierunku leśnym KWB „Bełchatów”. Zawartość węgla w materii organicznej oraz w poszczególnych jej frakcjach oznaczono za pomocą metody Tiurina. Oznaczono również odczyn i przewodność elektrolityczną właściwą (PEW) utworów. Wyniki badań wykazały m.in., iż huminy są głównym źródłem węgla organicznego wszystkich swoistych substancji próchnicznych i stanowią około 80 %.

EN

The article describes, on the basis of laboratory tests, the content of organic substances and their fractional composition of the industrial ground soil differentiated in terms of grain size. Samples were taken from the external dump rehabilitated towards forestation at „Bełchatów” lignite mine. The carbon content in organic matter and in its particular fractions was determined by the Tiurin method. Also pH and electrolytic conductivity proper (PEW) of the measures was determined. The results of the investigations showed, inter alia, that humins are a major source of organic carbon of all specific humic substances and represent about 80 %.

13

Badania nad występowaniem węgla w powietrzu wewnętrznym wybranych uczelni w Polsce

Kociszewska K., Rogula-Kopiec P., Majewski G., Rogula-Kozłowska W., Mucha W., Mathews B.

Przegląd Naukowy Inżynieria i Kształtowanie Środowiska

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2017

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Vol. 26, No. 1

108--124

PL

Prezentowane badania miały na celu rozpoznanie stężeń submikronowego pyłu (PM1) i związanego z nim węgla organicznego (OC) i elementarnego (EC) w sali wykładowej i tzw. laboratorium studenckim. W pracy omówiono zmienność 24-godzinnych stężeń PM1, OC i EC w obu pomieszczeniach (I, ang. indoor) oraz w powietrzu atmosferycznym (O, ang. outdoor), a także przeanalizowano stosunek I do O. Na przełomie wiosny i lata, niezależnie od lokalizacji (Gliwice – laboratorium studenckie, Warszawa – sala wykładowa), stężenie węgla elementarnego (EC) i organicznego (OC) wewnątrz sal dydaktycznych kształtowała intensywność migracji tych zanieczyszczeń wraz z powietrzem atmosferycznym. Tym samym można uznać, że w żadnym z badanych pomieszczeń dydaktycznych nie występuje istotne źródło OC i EC. Mimo to należy zauważyć, że warunki sprzyjające sorpcji różnych zanieczyszczeń, w tym zwłaszcza związków organicznych tworzących grupę OC na cząstkach pyłu, zmieniają się dynamicznie w czasie i przestrzeni. Wydaje się, że w innym okresie pomiarowym, na przykład w zimie, kiedy wietrzenie sal jest rzadsze a pył atmosferyczny ma inny skład, kumulacja zanieczyszczeń, w tym OC, wewnątrz sal może być większa niż w okresie ciepłym.

EN

The research presented herein aimed at recognition of submicrone particulate matter concentration as well as organic (OC) and elemental (EC) carbon bound to it in a lecture room and students’ laboratory. The 24-h variability of PM1, OC and EC concentration in both rooms were also discussed along with I : O ratio. In the analysed period – the turn of spring and summer – independent of the location (Gliwice – students’ laboratory, Warsaw – lecture room) the indoor concentration of elemental carbon EC was conditioned by the intensity of those contaminants migration along with atmospheric air. Because of this, it can be concluded that in neither of the rooms there was an important source of OC and EC. However, it should be noted, that conditions favourable for different contaminant sorption, in particular those belonging to OC bound to particulate matter, vary in time and space. It is expected, that for other measurement period – for instance in winter, when rooms are ventilated seldom and PM has different composition, the cummulation of indoor contaminants, including OC, may be higher than for warm period.

14

Effects of UV irradiation on biodegradability of natural organic matter

Wolska M.

Environment Protection Engineering

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2017

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Vol. 43, nr 3

239--246

EN

Changes in concentration of total organic carbon in natural organic matter during UV irradiation have been examined, and especially its biodegradable fraction. The studies have shown better effectiveness of elimination of organic substances for highly contaminated water than that obtained for pre-Treated water. UV irradiation assured the decrease of all fractions of total organic carbon, which indicates the domination of mineralization over the transformation of multi-molecular substances into simpler ones. This means that organic substances were mineralised during UV irradiation. The effective elimination of non-biodegradable dissolved organic substances absorbing UV radiation ensures a very large decrease in potential of disinfection of by-products.

15

Assessment of soil phosphatase activity, phosphorus and heavy metals content depending on the mineral fertilization

Lemanowicz J., Bartkowiak A.

Przegląd Naukowy Inżynieria i Kształtowanie Środowiska

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2016

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Vol. 25, No. 2

116--129

EN

The paper presents the results of research into the activity of alkaline and acid phosphatase, the content of available phosphorus, heavy metals and total organic carbon, against in soil with mineral fertilization only. The first experimental factor was phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, calcium and sulphur fertilization in six fertilizer combinations: 1: (PKMgCaS), 2: (KMgCaS), 3: (PMgCaS), 4: (PKCaS), 5: (PKMgS), 6: (PKMgCa). The second factor was made up of nitrogen fertilization at the rates of: 0, 50, 100, 150, 200, 250 kg·ha-1 of N. Increasing nitrogen rates and a lack of liming increased the soil acidity inhibiting alkaline phosphatase, decreasing the content of available phosphorus in soil. A lack of phosphorus fertilization resulted in an intensive increase in the activity of both alkaline and acid phosphatase in soil. Due to the experimental factors applied, the content of the heavy metals assayed was as follows: zinc> copper> lead> cadmium.

PL

W pracy przedstawiono wyniki badań nad aktywnością fosfatazy zasadowej i kwasowej, zawartość przyswajalnego fosforu, metali ciężkich i węgla organicznego w glebie nawożonej wyłącznie mineralnie. Pierwszym czynnikiem doświadczenia było nawożenie fosforem, magnezem, wapniem i siarką w sześciu kombinacjach nawozowych: 1 (PKMgCa S), 2: (KMgCaS), 3: (PMgCaS), 4: (PKCaS), 5: (PKMgS), 6: (PKMgCa). Czynnikiem drugim - nawożenie azotem w dawkach: 0, 50, 100, 150, 200, 250 kg N·ha-1. Wzrastające dawki azotu i brak wapnowania spowodowały wzrost kwasowości gleby powodując inhibicje fosfatazy alkalicznej, zmniejszenie zawartości fosforu przyswajalnego w glebie. Brak nawożenia fosforem spowodował intensywny wzrost aktywności zarówno fosfatazy alkalicznej jaki i kwaśnej w glebie. Pod wpływem zastosowanych czynników doświadczalnych, zawartość metali ciężkich, kształtowała sie w sposób następujący: cynk> miedź> ołów> kadm.

16

Distribution Characteristics of TOC, TN and TP in the Wetland Sediments of Longbao Lake in the San-Jiang Head Waters

Lu S., Si J., Qi Y., Wang Z., Wu X., Hou C.

Acta Geophysica

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2016

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Vol. 64, no. 6

2471--2486

EN

The study deals with the distribution of nutrients in wetland sediments, which provide the basis for revealing the wetland eutrophication processes and mechanisms of internal pollution sources. The total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphorus (TP) contents and distribution characteristics of sediment samples were examined. The results showed that the TOC concentration ranged from 3.81 to 15.6 g/kg, the TN concentration ranged from 0.21 to 1.18 g/kg with a mean concentration of 0.66 g/kg, and the TP concentration ranged from 0.16 to 0.35 g/kg with a mean of 0.23 g/kg. Statistical analysis showed close correlations between TOC and TN (R2 = 0.96), and TN and TP (R2 = 0.97), which indicated that the TN and TP in the sediments were from similar sources. The concentrations of TOC, TN, and TP in Longbao Lake wetland sediments were too low for eutrophication to occur. Our investigation indicated that Longbao Lake undergoes natural evolution rather than anthropogenic activities.

17

Soil organic carbon of different decomposition rate and its relation to microbial activity in saline-alkali desert ecosystem

Fang F., Hu Y.-K., Gong Y.-M., Tang H.-P.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2015

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Vol. 63, nr 1

102--109

EN

Soil microbes’ activity is very important for forming of the nutrient stock and , soil structure, as well as the carbon cycle simulation. This is particularly crucial for deep soil layers. Effect of soil microbes on the rate of accumulation and decomposition of the soil organic carbon (SOC) has been found for different regions. However, it is known still a little on the SOC performance for different decomposition rates and its relation to the microbial activity in the saline-alkali desert ecosystem. Therefore, the main task of our research was investigation of interrelation between the soil organic carbon and microbial carbon (SMC) at different depths in the original saline-alkali Gurbantünggüt Desert. Our results showed in the soil vertical profile, (i) SMC and SOC presented a very significant positive linear correlation (R2 = 0.63, P = 0.0003); (ii) SMC exhibited two obvious changed-interfaces - 20 cm and 80 cm, the SMC at depth of 0–20 cm, 20–80 cm and 80–500 cm was 2.24–3.06, 0.19–0.72, and 0.0017–0.0097 mg kg-1, respectively; (iii) in the depth of 0–20 cm and 20–80 cm, the SMC had highly significant difference (P < 0.0001) and at 20–80 cm and 80–500 cm, significant difference (P = 0.013); (iv) according to the soil division based on the SMC, SOC also had some certain stratification; (v) organic carbon layers can be respectively defined according to different microbial activities as active, inert, and stable organic carbon pool. Therefore, these three kinds of organic carbon pools can be quantitatively measured by analyzing their location at different depths of the soil profile.

18

Quantity and quality of organic carbon in bottom sediments of two upland dam reservoirs in Poland

Smal H., Ligęza S., Baran S., Wójcikowska-Kapusta A.

Environment Protection Engineering

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2015

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Vol. 41, nr 1

95--110

EN

The quantity and quality of organic carbon were studied in bottom sediments of two small, shallow, polymictic dam reservoirs located in SE Poland: Zalew Zemborzycki (ZZ) and Brody Iłżeckie (BI). Total content of organic carbon (Corg), and its fractions have been determined. The maps of Corg spatial distribution have been compiled. Wide ranges of sedimentary Corg were noted as well as differences between two reservoirs in respect of its content and spatial distribution. The Corg content in the sediments showed a longitudinal zonation pattern in the ZZ and a transverse one in the BI. The composition of sedimentary Corg showed the highest percentage of the insoluble fraction followed by humus acid fraction and the lowest – hemicelluloses fraction. In the humus acid fraction, fulvic acids overbalanced humic acids.

19

Chemical composition and mass closure of ambient particulate matter at a crossroads and a highway in Katowice, Poland

Rogula-Kozłowska W.

Environment Protection Engineering

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2015

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Vol. 41, nr 2

15--29

EN

The concentration, chemical composition, and mass closure of various fractions of ambient particulate matter (PM) were analyzed at crossroads and at a highway in Katowice (Poland). It was shown that at both sites organic carbon can constitute even 57% of the fine PM mass, about 20% of the fine PM mass can originate from the photochemical transformations of inorganic gaseous precursors, and that the coarse PM was mainly the organic matter (up to 39%) and crustal matter (up to 24%). Traffic emissions in Katowice can affect the formation of secondary aerosol (organic and inorganic), the contributions to PM and ambient concentrations of soil matter, NaCl, and trace elements. At the highway, the greatest impact on the concentrations and chemical composition of fine particles was probably due to exhaust emissions. At the crossroads, in the center of the city, the non-exhaust traffic emissions probably affected the coarse PM.

20

Biological stability of water in water distribution systems. The effect of water treatment trials

Wolska M.

Environment Protection Engineering

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2015

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Vol. 41, nr 2

147--157

EN

Research into the removal efficiency of biogenic substances, necessary for the growth of heterotrophic microorganisms, was carried out for the following water treatment trials: surface water, infiltrative water and mixed surface water after microsieving with aerated underground water. The results have shown that the efficiency of removal of organic substances, independently of the type of treated water, increased along with the organic carbon concentrations in raw water. The average effectiveness of phosphate removal was: 92.1%, 88.8% and 83.7% for surface, infiltrative and mixed water, respectively. In all analyzed systems, presence of phosphates was an limiting factor for the regrowth of microorganisms in the distribution system. In none of the water treatment trials, effective removal of inorganic nitrogen has been recorded.