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An Overview of the Impacts of Geological Hazards on Production

Rızaoğlu Tamer

Multidisciplinary Aspects of Production Engineering

2021

Vol. 4, Iss. 1

153--165

Throughout history, human beings have been affected by the ongoing events in their environment. While some of the events take place in the sphere they live on, some of them are in the way that events outside the earth affect the world. Necessary measures should be taken on time and in place so that people are not adversely affected or at least minimally affected by the aforementioned events. Geological hazards are the most important risks that occur in the environment of human beings and have a high probability of damaging people’s life and property. In terms of risk management of geological hazards, which are divided into four main groups as seismic, hydro-meteorological, terrain instability and volcanic hazard and have their own characteristics, the efforts to prevent and reduce losses for each of them also differ within themselves. In this review article, geological hazards were introduced in general by giving various examples from the world, the effects of geological disasters on the economy and production were discussed, and the points to be considered for each risk were tried to be emphasized.

Zasięg i budowle wulkaniczne grupy Andahua

Gałaś A.

Geologia / Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanisława Staszica w Krakowie

2008

T. 34, z. 2/1

107-135

W 2003, 2004 i 2006 roku grupa geologów z Akademii Górniczo-Hutniczej w Krakowie prowadziła badania terenowe młodej grupy wulkanicznej Andahua, w południowym Peru. Została ona poznana zaledwie 45 lat temu i do chwili obecnej nie określono definitywnie jej zasięgu i genezy. Największym obszarowo i jednocześnie najbogatszym w produkty wulkanizmu grupy Andahua jest rejon Doliny Wulkanów. Lawy zwartą pokrywą wypełniają tę dolinę, między Misahuanca a Ayo na długości około 60 km. W trakcie prac zidentyfikowano około 150 centrów erupcyjnych, w tym: stożki piroklastyczne o wysokości 50-300 m oraz bardziej liczne kopuły i szczeliny lawowe. Morfologia i rozprzestrzenienie skał grupy Andahua wykazują pewne związki z tektoniką i budową geologiczną podłoża.

In 2003,2004 and 2006 small groups of geologists of AGH - The University of Science and Technology in Kraków investigated young Andahua volcanic group of Southern Peru. It was identified first some 45 years ago but its extension is not definitely determined yet. The greatest area of the Andahua group, where at the same time the volcanism products are the most common, is the Valley of Volcanoes. This valley, between the Misahuanca and Ayo, is covered by a dense cover of lava, which is about 60 km long. Field work resulted in discovery of about 150 individual emission centres: apparent pyroclastic cones 50-300 metres high, and usually smaller lava domes and vents controlled by fractures. Morphology of the Andahua lava flows coalescing into composite lava fields as well as criteria for their stratigraphy and tectonic controls are given.