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1

The visual search method in map perception research

Ciołkosz-Styk A.

Geoinformation Issues

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2012

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Vol. 4, no. 1(4)

33--42

EN

The way of presenting reality on a map influences the user’s perception, so it also affects the image of reality created in the user’s mind. Therefore, for centuries maps have been considered cognition tools that influence people’s image of the world. Twentieth-century cartographers came to the conclusion that the centuries-old way of map development based on intuition can and should be modified to better reflect the reality, using theories and methods of research from other disciplines, especially psychology. Taking methods from psychology contributed to the development of cognitive cartography. The basic features that distinguish it from other research directions in cartography are that it focuses on the map user, the analysis of map reading and the interpretation process, using experiment as a basic research method and the transfer of experiences and methods, and often the research problems, from psychology to cartography. [...]

PL

Sposób zaprezentowania rzeczywistości na mapie wpływa na jej odbiór przez użytkownika, a więc rzutuje również na obraz rzeczywistości, jaki zostanie wytworzony w jego umyśle. Dlatego też mapy od wieków były i nadal są uznawane za narzędzia poznania, kształtujące wyobrażenia ludzi o świecie. Dwudziestowieczni kartografowie doszli do przekonania, że wielowiekowy, bazujący na intuicji, sposób opracowywania map nie tylko można, ale wręcz należy zmodyfikować, aby lepiej odzwierciedlały one rzeczywistość, wykorzystując w tym celu teorie i metody badawcze z innych dziedzin, w tym szczególnie z psychologii. Zaczerpnięcie metod z psychologii przyczyniło się do rozwoju kartografii poznawczej. Jej podstawowymi cechami, odróżniającymi ją od innych kierunków badawczych w kartografii, było zwrócenie się w stronę użytkownika mapy, analiza procesu jej czytania i interpretacji, stosowanie eksperymentu jako podstawowej metody badawczej oraz przenoszenie na grunt kartografii doświadczeń i metod, a często również samych problemów badawczych, zaczerpniętych z psychologii. [...]

2

Analysis of human eye movements during the plot inspection as a tool of assessment of local informative value of the 12-lead ECG

Tadeusiewicz R., Augustyniak P.

Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering

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2007

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Vol. 27, no. 1-2

169-176

EN

The main goal of every method of automatic analysis, recognition and also understanding of any medical signal is to follow the physician’s method of observation and thinking. Apparently it is easy, because the procedures of human interpretation of biosignals are now well standardized. In fact the real way of making observations and thinking about diagnosis highly depends on the observer experience and personal skills. In this paper, a new eyetrack-based approach is proposed for quantitative assessment of these important factors. The visual experiment carried out on cardiologists of various professional experience supplied the scanpaths data for the analysis in context of observed ECG traces the proposed approach, without the verbalization necessity, allows the cardiologists know-how to be extracted, analyzed and implemented in the automatic interpretation algorithm for better emulate the human way of thinking. It can be very useful for designing of new algorithms for automatic ECG signal analysis, recognition and also understanding by the machines.

3

The Effects of Hearing Protectors on Auditory Localization: Evidence From Audio-Visual Target Acquisition

Bolia R. S., McKinley R. L.

International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics

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2000

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Vol. 6, No. 3

309--319

EN

Response times (RT) in an audio-visual target acquisition task were collected from 3 participants while wearing either circumaural earmuffs, foam earplugs, or no hearing protection. Analyses revealed that participants took significantly longer to locate and identify an audio-visual target in both hearing protector conditions than they did in the unoccluded condition, suggesting a disturbance of the cues used by listeners to localize sounds in space. RTs were significantly faster in both hearing protector conditions than in a non-audio control condition, indicating that auditory localization was not completely disrupted. Results are discussed in terms of safety issues involved with wearing hearing protectors in an occupational environment.