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1
Content available Comparative studies of visual and machine strength grading of pine structural sawn timber
Krzosek Sławomir, Noskowiak Andrzej, Pajchrowski Grzegorz
Drewno : prace naukowe, doniesienia, komunikaty
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2022
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Vol. 65, nr 209
art. no. 1644-3985.354.03
EN
In the EU countries structural timber used in construction have to comply with regulations arising from the Regulation No 305/2011 of the European Parliament and of the Council. One of the basic requirements for structural timber is the need for strength grading which can be performed either by visual or machine method. The paper presents the results of visual and machine grading of structural pine timber originated from Masovian-Podlaska natural forest region of Poland. Obtained results extend the database of mechanical properties of Polish structural pine timber necessary for introduction of Polish visual grades into the standard EN 1912.
2
Content available Comparison results of visual and machine strength grading of Scots pine sawn timber from the Greater Poland-Pomerania Forestry Region in Poland
Krzosek Sławowmir, Burawska Izabela
Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW. Forestry and Wood Technology
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2022
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No. 119
48--56
EN
Comparison results of visual and machine strength grading of Scots pine sawn timber from the Greater Poland-Pomerania Forestry Region in Poland. The paper presents an analysis of the strength grading results performed by two methods – visual (appearance) and machine, carried out for sawn timber obtained from the Greater Poland-Pomerania Forestry Region in Poland. Visual strength grading was performed in accordance with PN-D-94021:2013, while the machine strength grading with the use of MTG device (Brookhuis Electronics BV). As a result of the tests, it was confirmed that a large part of timber batch (39%) was classified as a reject while visual grading, when the machine grading resulted in a very small share of sawn timber classified as rejects (only one piece). At the same time, during machine strength grading there was only one sawn timber piece that was not classified for any class or a reject. Based on its visual appearance, this timber element should be graded as reject.
PL
Porównanie wyników wizualnego i maszynowego sortowania wytrzymałościowego tarcicy sosnowej z Wielkopolsko-Pomorskiej Krainy Przyrodniczo Leśnej. Praca dotyczy analizy wyników sortowania wytrzymałościowego drewna sosny zwyczajnej dwoma metodami – wizualną oraz maszynową, przeprowadzonego dla surowca pozyskanego z Wielkopolsko-Pomorskiej Krainy Przyrodniczo Leśnej. Sortowanie wytrzymałościowe metodą wizualną przeprowadzono zgodnie z PN-D-94021:2013, natomiast sortowanie metodą maszynową przy użyciu urządzenia MTG holenderskiej firmy Brookhuis Electronics BV. W wyniku przeprowadzonych badań potwierdzono prawidłowość, że przy sortowaniu maszynowym otrzymuje się bardzo małą liczbę sztuk tarcicy zaliczoną do odrzutów oraz niewielką ilość tarcicy przyporządkowanej do najniższej klasy: C18. Jednocześnie w trakcie badań zdarzyły się sztuki tarcicy, które przy sortowaniu maszynowym nie zostały zaliczone do żadnej klasy ani do odrzutów. Taką tarcicę na podstawie jej wyglądu należy zakwalifikować jako odrzut.
3
Content available Comparison results of visual and machine strength grading of Scots pine sawn timber from the Silesian Forestry Region in Poland
Krzosek Sławomir, Burawska-Krupniewska Izabela, Mańkowski Piotr, Grześkiewicz Marek
Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW. Forestry and Wood Technology
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2019
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No. 107
24--30
EN
Comparison results of visual and machine strength grading of Scots pine sawn timber from the Silesian Forestry Region in Poland. The paper presents an analysis of the strength grading results performed by two methods – visual (appearance) and machine, carried out for sawn timber obtained from the Silesian Forestry Region in Poland. Visual strength grading was performed in accordance with PN-D-94021:2013, while the machine strength grading with the use of MTG device from Brookhuis Electronics BV. As a result of the tests, it was confirmed that the machine grading results in a very small share of sawn timber classified as rejects. At the same time, during machine strength grading there were some sawn timber pieces that were not classified for any class or a reject. Based on its visual appearance, such timber elements should be graded as rejects.
PL
Porównanie wyników wizualnego i maszynowego sortowania wytrzymałościowego tarcicy sosnowej ze Śląskiej Krainy Przyrodniczo Leśnej. Praca dotyczy analizy wyników sortowania wytrzymałościowego drewna sosny zwyczajnej dwoma metodami – wizualną oraz maszynową, przeprowadzonego dla surowca pozyskanego ze Śląskiej Krainy Przyrodniczo Leśnej. Sortowanie wytrzymałościowe metodą wizualną przeprowadzono zgodnie z PN-D-94021:2013, natomiast sortowanie metodą maszynową przy użyciu urządzenia MTG holenderskiej firmy Brookhuis Electronics BV. W wyniku przeprowadzonych badań potwierdzono prawidłowość, że przy sortowaniu maszynowym otrzymuje się bardzo małą liczbę sztuk tarcicy zaliczoną do odrzutów. Jednocześnie w trakcie badań zdarzyły się sztuki tarcicy, które przy sortowaniu maszynowym nie zostały zaliczone do żadnej klasy ani do odrzutów. Taką tarcicę na podstawie jej wyglądu należy zakwalifikować, jako odrzut.
4
Content available remote Strength, modulus of elasticity and density of beech sawn timber in the context of suitability for structural applications
Noskowiak A., Pajchrowski G., Szumiński G., Jabłoński L.
Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW. Forestry and Wood Technology
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2018
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No. 104
331--337
EN
This paper presents the results of the research on beech sawn timber (Fagus sylvatica L.) with nominal cross-sectional dimensions of 50mm×150mm, produced from the trees harvested in Szczecin Lowland district (Baltic natural-forest region). After testing according to the standard EN 408:2010+A1:2012 and calculating the characteristic values in accordance with the standard EN 384:2016, it was found that beech timber visual graded to the class KW according to Polish standard PN-D-94021:2013 can be assigned to the strength class D30.
5
Content available remote Quantitative and qualitative yield of beech structural timber (Fagus sylvatica, L.)
Bajza O., Rohanová A.
Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW. Forestry and Wood Technology
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2018
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No. 104
290--294
EN
Paper analyse qualitative and quantitative yield of beech wood in timber conversion and processing process. Is necessary to evaluate the beech structural timber for application in timber constructions not only according to mechanical properties, but also according to the technological processing. Grading parameters, mainly edgewise and flat wise shrinkage affect its qualitative yield. Tested material consist of 15 tree trunks (21 m-3 ), each was cut into two logs (total 30 logs) further 247 boards (7,4 m-3 ). After processing by planning was boards adjusted to dimension of 50/150 x 3100 mm. Quantitative yield of trunks/boards was 35%. In next step was boards qualitatively graded according to STN 49 1531/Z1, 2006. Of the total number of boards n = 247,118 boards were proved as structural timber (3,5 m-3 ). Qualitative yield of boards/structural timber was 48%. Total yield of trunks/structural timber was 17%.
6
Content available Visual grading of small-diameter poplars for peeling use
Bayatkashkoli A., Sharefpour M., Shamsian M.
Drewno : prace naukowe, doniesienia, komunikaty
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2016
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vol. 59, nr 196
31--47
EN
Small-diameter poplars (Populus euramericana, or Populus deltoids, or Populus nigra) are an important raw material resource for the wood and paper industry. Both manufacturers and governments are increasingly interested in obtaining this raw material from poplar plantations. A small-diameter poplar is between fifteen and thirty five centimetres in diameter at breast height. In this study, small-diameter poplars were graded visually for use in peeling. Traditional rules currently in use were applied when grading small-diameter poplars, and standard layer-sorting rules were used on the outputs from the peeling process. The field study has shown that standard sorting by layer doesn't correspond well when small-diameter poplars are sorted. For instance, the best small-diameter poplar is rarely classified as class A or B by standard layer sorting. In this research, small-diameter poplars are classified accurately using specific, alternative rules, and the grading scale ranges are presented. Some defects, such as knot and splits, have a strong influence on the quality of the final product, but often, existing standard-sorting methods do not reflect the degree to which the defects have affected the final product. A new method for classifying small-diameter poplars is presented, which groups the wood by its value in the final product.
7
Content available remote Comparison of sawn timber strength classes determined according old and new standards
Kotwica E., Krzosek S.
Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW. Forestry and Wood Technology
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2014
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No. 87
109--113
EN
Comparison of sawn timber strength classes determined according old and new standards. This paper is to present the results of investigation and analyses made by the authors concerning comparison of old and new structural timber classes. The paper shows selected characteristics of strength classes relevant to visual grading (classes KW, KS, KG). The analysis shall help both – designers and experts – to estimate properly today’s strength class of the timber in all cases of rebuilding or analyzing of old construction.
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