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Utilizing crash and violation data to assess unsafe driving actions

Rezapour Mashhadi M. M., Wulff S. S., Ksaibati K.

Journal of Sustainable Development of Transport and Logistics

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2017

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Vol. 2, No. 2

35--46

EN

Wyoming has one of the highest crash rates in the United States and a higher fatality rate than the U.S. average. These high rates result from many factors such as the high traffic through I-80 and the mountainous areas of Wyoming. This study employed two approaches to study contributory factors to crashes in the most hazardous interstate, I-80, in Wyoming by employing crash and citation data sets. Different factors may contribute to different driver actions so it is important to consider these crash causes separately. Thus, multiple logistic regression models were used in this study to examine the differences in crash-contributing factors for three driver actions: driving too fast for conditions, improper lane change, and no improper driving. These driver actions account for about 70% of all the crash causes on this interstate. The same violations as the two driver actions, improper lane change and driving too fast for conditions, account for 42% of all the crashes. The literature has indicated that previous violations can be used to predict future violations, and consequently crashes. Therefore, these violations were identified to detect the groups that are at higher risk of involvement in crashes. The analyses indicated that there are substantial differences across different driver actions for crash and violation data. For instance, not-dry-surface conditions increased the estimated odds of driving too fast for conditions 33 times while it decreased the risk of no improper driving by an estimated 250%. Crash severity, number of vehicles, vehicle maneuver, point of impact, driver condition, and speed compliance also impacted different driver actions differently. The results of violation analyses revealed that the interaction between types of vehicle and various variables were significant. For instance, nonresident truck drivers were more likely to violate all types of risky violations, which increased the estimated odds of crashes, compared with resident truck drivers. Recommendations based on the results are provided for policy makers to reduce high crash rate in the state.

2

Occurrence of Faults in the Western Donbass at Mining Works

Khalymendyk I., Chemakina M.

Inżynieria Mineralna

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2017

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R. 18, nr 1

131--136

EN

The article discusses the features of the formation, distribution and manifestations of fault structures in the Western Donbass for planning mining operations in disturbed areas. As a result of the study and manifestation features of faults it was established that violations in Western Donbass mines are occurred in limited quantities by compressing tectonic stress of north-east direction with a shift of the wings and lifting pre-exploding zones in the vertical plane with the formation of sliding surfaces. Confirmation of faults formation nature is shown by the example while intersection of Fault Bogdanovskiy with vertical amplitude of 320 m by the mining operations of "Samarskaya" mine at Company “DTEK “Pavlogradygol”. According to the study of the propagation of faults, it was found that tectonic faults are not reservoirs for overflow water from the overlying aquifer, the major complicating factors are the collapse of the roof rocks and vertical convergence.

PL

W artykule przedstawiono charakterystykę geologiczną, rozkład i występowanie struktur uskokowych w Zachodnim Donbasie służące do planowania operacji górniczych w zagrożonych kopalniach. Wynikiem badania uskoków było ustalenie, że zakłócenia w kopalniach Zachodniego Donbasu występowały w ograniczonych ilościach, a spowodowane były napięciami tektonicznymi w kierunku północno-wschodnim oraz występowaniem stref przedwybuchowych w płaszczyźnie pionowej. Potwierdzenie przyczyn formowania się uskoków zostało pokazane na przykładzie przekroju uskoku Bogdanowskiego o pionowej amplitudzie 320 m, spowodowanego operacjami górniczymi kopalni Samarskaya należącej do firmy DTEK Pavlogradugol. Na podstawie badań dotyczących prognozowania uskoków stwierdzono, że uskoki tektoniczne nie są zbiornikami dla wód, najbardziej skomplikowanymi czynnikami są skały opadające ze stropu oraz pionowa konwergencja.

3

Uwarunkowania funkcjonowania prawa autorskiego w uczelniach wyższych

Nowacka U.

Prace Naukowe Akademii im. Jana Długosza w Częstochowie. Edukacja Techniczna i Informatyczna

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2009

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T. 4

313-321

EN

The knowledge of issues connected with protection of copyrights is essential to shape scientists and students' proper attitude towards claiming, enforcing and using these rights. The benefits of protection copyrights at universities are enormous: the possibility of commercialization the result of scientific research, the promotion of the university itself as a research centre and the most important factor the increase awareness of students and research workers concerning the need to protect the results of their research, and at the same time to make the school more innovative.

4

Analiza postaw studentów wobec naruszania praw własności intelektualnej

Nowacka U.

Prace Naukowe Akademii im. Jana Długosza w Częstochowie. Edukacja Techniczna i Informatyczna

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2008

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T. 3

205-224

EN

Knowledge as intellectual property has become the most precious element of the value of each organisation and plays a dominant role in present market economy based on free competition and market mechanism. The article shows the results of examining students' knowledge and attitudes towards violation of intellectual property. Research has shown that young people who start their academic education do not have basic knowledge concerning the protection of intellectual property and due to this fact they cannot respect rights resulting from possessing products of intellectual property. Knowledge forms the basis for making students conscious of the need for respecting these rights. It is also the basis for taking care of making use of the products of their own intellect in the professional or commercial way in the future.

5

Predication of violations in road transportation system

Chaali-Djelassi A., Vanderhaegen F.

Journal of KONBiN

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2006

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No. 2

57--68

EN

Risk analysis in Human-Machine System has to take into account intentional Human Errors in order to reduce their occurrences and/or their consequences. After an introduction of the barrier removal concept and the BCD model, the article presents a comparative prediction study between a first human behaviour prediction method based on the barrier removal utility and the Iterative Learning Control and a second one based on the BCD model and the Artificial Neural Networks. Its interest is illustrated by the presentation of the results of an experimental study realized with a car driving simulator.