Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

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Basic aspects ensuring shipping safety

Melnyk Oleksiy, Onyshchenko Svitlana, Onishchenko Oleg, Lohinov Oleh, Ocheretna Valentyna, Dovidenko Yurii

Zeszyty Naukowe. Transport / Politechnika Śląska

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2022

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z. 117

139--149

EN

Widespread use of innovative technologies in all spheres of life has brought the maritime transport industry, in particular, the process of ship navigation, to a completely new qualitative level. Various navigation systems recently introduced and used only as additional devices have gradually become an obligatory element of shipboard equipment and navigation complexes of modern vessels, extending their functionality and capabilities. The human factor influence caused by automation of ship operation processes becomes a separate challenge. Risks to shipping safety and consequences of breach of safety standards for crew, vessel and cargo are far from being a full list of the problems to be solved. This paper offers an overview of general issues of ensuring the level of safety of shipping, by examining the concept of "vessel safety", considering its individual sides, features, as well as constituent aspects of the concept, systematization of the vessel safety structure to develop solutions toward improving the integral safety and optimization of decision-making in emergencies. Achievement of the general purpose of shipping safety thus means the realization of ways of reducing the influence of the human factor on several accidents and an estimation of the degree of influence of a set of factors on a ship during operation.

2

Operational model for vessel traffic using optimal control and calibration

Shu Y., Daamen W., Ligteringen H., Hoogendoorn S.

Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie

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2015

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nr 42 (114)

70--77

EN

Due to the ever-increasing economic globalization, the scale of transportation through ports and waterways has increased sharply. As the capacity of maritime infrastructure in ports and inland waterways is limited, it is important to simulate vessel behavior to balance safety and capacity in restricted waterways. Currently many existing vessel simulation models focus mainly on vessel dynamics and maritime traffic in the open ocean. These models are, however, inapplicable to simulating vessel behavior in ports and inland waterways, because behavior in such areas can be influenced by many factors, such as waterway geometry, external conditions and human factors. To better simulate vessel behavior in ports and waterways, we developed a new maritime traffic model by adapting the theory of pedestrian models. This new model comprises two parts: the Route Choice Model and the Operational Model. The Route Choice Model has been demonstrated and calibrated in our recent study, in which the desired speed is generated. This paper presents the second part of the model, the Operational Model, which describes vessel behavior based on optimal control by using the output of the Route Choice Model. The calibration of the Operational Model is carried out as well. In the Operational Model, the main behavioral assumption is that all actions of the bridge team, such as accelerating and turning, are executed to force the vessel to sail with the desired speed and course. In the proposed theory, deviating from the desired speed and course, accelerating, decelerating and turning will provide disutility (cost) to the vessel. By predicting and minimizing this disutility, longitudinal acceleration and angular acceleration can be optimized. This way, the Operational Model can be used to predict the vessel speed and course. Automatic Identification System (AIS) data of unhindered vessel behavior in the Port of Rotterdam, the Netherlands, were used to calibrate the Operational Model. The calibration results produced plausible parameter values that minimized the objective function. The paths generated with these optimal parameters corresponded reasonably well to the actual paths.

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Wpływ stanu eksploatacji i stanu technicznego statku na funkcje systemu dynamicznego pozycjonowania

Herdzik J.

Logistyka

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2014

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nr 6

4473-4480

PL

W artykule przestawiono próbę oceny wpływu stanu technicznego i stanu eksploatacji statku na funkcje systemu dynamicznego pozycjonowania, szczególnie jego dokładność. Jedną z przyczyn jest zmiana położenia środka ciężkości statku spowodowaną zmianą masy statku w wyniku zużycia paliwa, olejów smarowych i innych mediów oraz zmianą położenia mechanizmów pokładowych na przykład podczas operacji obsługi nurków lub prac dźwigowych. Sprawą istotną jest właściwy dobór liczby i położenia pędników wybranych do operacji pozycjonowania. W projekcie systemu dynamicznego pozycjonowania uwzględniono wymagania wybranej klasy, wymagania towarzystwa klasyfikacyjnego pod nadzorem którego, buduje się statek. Zgodnie z tymi wymaganiami występują elementy nadmiarowe. Jednak stany niesprawności i awaryjne mogą mieć znaczący wpływ na współpracę wszystkich podsystemów DP oraz statku jako całości. Wymaga to weryfikacji poprawności działania systemu DP w różnych stanach eksploatacji. Jednym z podstawowych sposobów są próby morskie statku nowo zbudowanego oraz okresowych podczas eksploatacji.

EN

The paper presents the probe of an assessment of impact the vessel operation states during DP operation on its function, especially on the correctness of positioning. The one of reason is the change of vessel gravity centre due to the change of vessel mass during operation, the fuel, oils and other media consumption and position change of deck equipment for example during lift or divers’ operation. Important matter is the correctness of selection of the number and orientation of thrusters chosen to DP operation and their control in ship’s dynamic positioning systems. The design of DP system takes into consideration required the DP system class, the requirements of adequate classification society under supervision the ship is built. It is necessary to fulfill the system redundancy. The inefficiency and emergency states of elements of DP system may have an impact on correct co-operation of all DP sub-systems and the vessel as a whole. It requires the system verification of already built ship in various exploitation conditions. The sea trial is only a part of DP system verification process.

4

Factors determining vessel safety assessment in operation

Soliwoda J.

Journal of KONBiN

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2008

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No. 2 (5)

239-254

EN

Approval of higher risk level causes accidents during vessel operation. Binding rules of vessel safety assessment and risk level strictly adhered to regulations do not prevent crew from conscious breaking them. The analysis of reasons of higher risk level acceptance will be presented in this article. The methods of risk analysis will be described in reference to safety vessel operation rules breaking.

PL

W czasie eksploatacji statków dochodzi do wypadków, których przyczyną jest akceptowanie wyższego poziomu ryzyka. Pomimo obowiązujących przepisów dotyczących stanu bezpieczeństwa statku i rygorystycznego przestrzegania granicznych parametrów ryzyka dochodzi do świadomego ich łamania. W artykule będzie przedstawiona analiza przyczyn akceptacji przez załogę statku wyższego poziomu ryzyka. Opisane zostaną metody analizy ryzyka w odniesieniu przekraczania ustalonych granic bezpiecznej eksploatacji statku.