In a complex supply chain network, the production nodes, seller nodes, and buyers are connected randomly. We assume a process of joining two random nodes leading to the bivariate Poisson probability mass function. There exist two types of links - one is horizontal (H) and the other is vertical (V), which support the continuous flow of commodities through the supply chain. This induces competition among workers at a node to manage these two types of links within fixed constraints and creates bargaining to decide the optimal degree of both types of links at a node. We use the Nash security point to obtain the bargaining solution describing the optimal links. We reduce the carrying cost and ordering cost of inventory, which are contrary in their nature by introducing horizontal and vertical links, respectively. We modify the total cost function and establish a new economic order quantity (EOQ), optimal shortage quantity, and total optimal cost in terms of the optimal degree of H and V cooperation.
Increasing globalization requires the search for new solutions to form and manage enterprises. One of a possible approaches is creating business groups with different types of cooperation. The analysis of European Union law and Polish law carried out in the article speaks in favor of creating business groups with the principle of vertical cooperation. Achieving the strategic goals of the individual members of the group requires a flexible and adequate model of cooperation. One such solution is developing business process models. The main goal of the paper is presents principles of creating such models for both individual and cooperating companies using the IDEF methodology.
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