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An awkward contaminant: are mercury concentrations in historically collected fossils a result of storage conditions?

Surmik Dawid, Cabała Jerzy, Balin Katarzyna, Szade Jacek

Geology, Geophysics and Environment

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2022

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Vol. 48, no. 1

39--49

EN

High concentrations of mercury (Hg), reaching astonishing values in two cases, have recently been detected in Middle and Late Triassic fossil reptile bones, housed for over 100 years in several Polish museum collections. Since no correlation between either the life modes of these taxa or their burial environment was observed, the studied contaminations seem to be associated with housing conditions. The specimens were kept for an extended amount of time in boxes, in which they were stored soon after finding. A proximity of mercury-containing materials, like mercury fulminate, and unstandardized conditions of storage and conservation of the remains may result in contamination of porous bone with mercury. A detailed knowledge about the housing history of old museum collections has great importance to their prospective studies.

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Environmental differentiation reflected in the vertebrate fauna diversity in the Lower Devonian of the Holy Cross Mountains, Poland

Wilk Olga, Szrek Piotr, Ginter Michał

Geological Quarterly

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2022

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Vol. 66, No. 4

art. no. 35

EN

The Lower Devonian of the Holy Cross Mountains is well-known in the field of vertebrate palaeontology but remains unrecognized as regards palaeoenvironmental reconstructions. We therefore analysed the spatial distribution and relative abundance of fossil vertebrates in this area within one time interval. The fauna from an Early Devonian (Emsian) siliciclastic bone-bearing breccia (the “Placoderm Sandstone”) exposed in four sections of the Łysogóry region and five sections of the Kielce region was analysed with respect to the frequency of the remains and their taxonomic affinity. The relative abundances of agnathans, acanthodians, placoderms, osteichthyans and chondrichthyans suggest more open marine conditions in the Łysogóry region and more terrestrial-influenced in the Kielce region during the Emsian. The results show that the average agnathan and acanthodian content of the Łysogóry region is significantly larger than that in the Kielce region. On the other hand, there are relatively fewer osteichthyans in the Łysogóry region and a significantly higher proportion of bony fishes was recorded in the fauna of the Kielce region. Placoderms are characterized by their generally similar frequency in both regions and from site to site in each of them, though a greater abundance was noted from the Kielce region. Likewise differences in the proportions of particular groups in the Kielce region suggest a large variety of marginal-marine environments under the influence of factors that might have included marine currents and variable conditions around a river mouth.

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Zespól kręgowców morskich z górnej jury Krzyżanowic k. Iłży - z żółwiami, krokodylomorfami i wielkimi pliozaurami

Tyborowski Daniel, Błażejowski Błażej

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2019

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Vol. 67, nr 12

996--1001

EN

Vertebrate remains, mostly cryptodiran turtle shellfragments, pliosaur skull bones and teeth, plesiosaur vertebrae and crocodylomorph isolated teeth and skull fragments are described from the Upper Jurassic (Kimmeridgian) limestone beds of Krzyżanowice in the NE margin of the Holy Cross Mountains in Poland. The vertebrate fossils were collected during the palaeontological excavations conducted in 2018 and 2019 by the authors, and in the 1960s by a scientific team from the Museum of the Earth and the Institute of Paleobiology Polish Academy of Sciences. All osteological remains are generally very well preserved. This interesting vertebrate bones association from the upper part of the Kimmeridgian represents fossils of animals from two different types of environment. The first contains costal reptiles, like turtles and crocodylomorphs, the second one contains large pelagic animals - pliosaurids and plesiosaurids. This new vertebrate fauna from Poland has been correlated with age-equivalents from other regions of Europe and both Boreal/Subboreal and Mediterranean palaeobiogeographical realms.

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Fifty-year history of Early/Lower Vertebrates symposia - an overview

Schultze H.-P.

Acta Geologica Polonica

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2018

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Vol. 68, no. 3

263--273

EN

Fourteen symposia on early/lower vertebrates have taken place over the last 50 years, usually at about four year intervals. An average 60 participants have taken part at these symposia, with over one hundred occasionally. The results of the symposia have been published in proceedings. The symposia started honoring E. A:son Stensiö and E. Jarvik. Honors were taken up at the 11th symposium in Uppsala again. Since the 13th symposium a Stensiö award is also given to young researchers in the field.

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Nowy zespół kręgowców z marginalnomorskich i lądowych osadów dolnego kajpru (ladyn, środkowy trias) z Miedar na Śląsku

Sulej T., Niedźwiedzki G., Niedźwiedzki R., Surmik D., Stachacz M.

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2011

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Vol. 59, nr 5

426-426

EN

Vertebrate remains, mostly nothosaurid vertebrae and long bones, archosaur partially preserved long bones and teeth (probably rauisuchid remains), fish teeth and scales, are described from the Lower Keuper Miedary Beds (Ladinian, Middle Triassic) of Miedary, Silesia, SW Poland. The analyzed vertebrate fossils were collected from three lithologically different types of deposits. The first assemblage, which contains nothosaurid and fish remains, occurs in yellowish dolomites, where poorly preseved invertebrate macrofossils were also found (marine bivalves and brachiopods). In grey-yellowish, sometimes greenish or red clays, rare isolated bones and teeth of large archosaur were found. In sandstone intercalations partially preserved and highly disarticulated fish fossils were identified. In all assemblages osteological remains are generally very well preserved. This new interesting vertebrate bones association from the upper part of the Middle Triassic marginal-marine strata of Poland has been correlated with age-equivalents from other regions of Europe.

6

Reasoning by SVD and Morphotronic Network

Chaczko Z., Resconi G.

International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications

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2011

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Vol. 57, No. 2

145-152

EN

The immune system of the vertebrates possess the capabilities of “intelligent” information processing, which include memory, the ability to learn, to recognize, and to make decisions with respect to unknown situations. The mathematical formalization of these capabilities forms the basis of immune-computing (IC) as a new computing approach that replicates the principles of information processing by proteins and immune networks. This IC approach looks rather constructive as a basis for a new kind of computing. With the Morphotronic System or the analogous SVD we can create effective learning process and create immune memory by the projection operators. Given the immune memory is possible to recognize and compare antigen in a way to take defense action to eliminate the dangerous cell.

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Opportunities and constraints for reconstructing palaeoenvironments from stable light isotope ratios in fossils

Lee-Thorp J. A., Sponheimer M.

Geological Quarterly

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2005

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Vol. 49, No. 2

195-204

EN

Stable light isotope ratios (13C/12C and 18O/16O) in fossilteeth provide key archives for understanding ecology of past faunal communities and the evolution of environments during the Plio-Pleistocene. Given the inevitable processes of diagenesis during fossilisation, the integrity of isotopic in formation and the degree of detailed in formation that can be extracted, remain important issues in all fossil studies. The most appropriate tests are those in trinsic to isotopic abundances in ecosystems. They are easier to develop for 13C/12C in savanna environments where large 13C/12C differences exist between C4 tropical grasses and C3 trees and shrubs. Validating 18O/16O ratios in fossil carbonate or phosphate is more difficult, but patterned variability, mainly tracking water-related behaviour, within modern faunal communities has been replicated in several fossil as semblages. The identification of seasonal variation in 13C/12C and 18O/16O along the growth axis of a tooth crown, also applicable in areas composed solely of C3 plants, fills a dual role as a test and for providing data on seasonal amplitude. The results of studies from low- and mid-latitude African sites suggest that isotopic variation in rain fall on short timescales and ecological differences amongst animals, dominate over smaller differences in 18O16O composition due to temperature.

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Stratigraphical occurrence of vertebrate remains in the Upper Devonian of Severnaya Zemlya (Russia)

Luksevics E.

Acta Geologica Polonica

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1999

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Vol. 49, no. 2

125-131

EN

The stratigraphical distribution of vertebrate remains in the standard section of the Upper Devonian of October Revolution Island of the Severnaya Zemlya archipelago has been studied. Fossil fish and agnathans were collected in 1978 and 1979 from the outcrops of the Matusevich, Vavilov and Malyutka formations along the Matusevich, Bol'shaya and other rivers. The fish fauna consists of representatives of the main taxonomic groups of Devonian vertebrates, i.e., psammosteid heterostracans, placoderms, acanthodians, chondrichthyans, porolepiform and osteolepiform "rhipidistians", and dipnoans. Summnarising all avaiable data on the distribution of vertebrates, it is possible to suggest a very late Givetian - Frasnian age for the Matusevich Formation, a late Frasnian age of the Vavilof Formation, and a latest Frasnian - early Famennian age for the Malyutka Formation of Severnaya Zemlya.