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1

Wpływ prędkości zderzeniowej pojazdu na ciężkość wypadku

Trzeciak Łukasz

Paragraf na Drodze

|

2021

|

Nr 2

45--65

PL

Celem artykułu jest wykazanie, w jaki sposób zwiększenie prędkości uderzenia w taką samą przeszkodę przekłada się na stopień destrukcji pojazdu oraz ryzyko doznania obrażeń ciała przez kierującego. Analizie poddano wyniki prób zderzeniowych konkretnego modelu samochodu, przeprowadzonych przez niezależne organizacje w Stanach Zjednoczonych. Autor podkreśla także konieczność wykonywania niestandardowych testów zderzeniowych, które mogą przyczyniać się do podnoszenia poziomu bezpieczeństwa biernego pojazdów.

EN

The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate how increasing the velocity of impact when hitting the same obstacle affects the degree of destruction of the vehicle and the risk of injury to the driver. The results of crash tests of a particular car model, carried out by independent organizations in the United States, have been analyzed. The necessity of non-standard crash tests which may contribute to increasing the level of vehicles passive safety is emphasized.

2

Analysing the vibration of bicycles on various road surfaces in the city of Žilina

Gogola Marian

Archiwum Motoryzacji

|

2020

|

Vol. 88, nr 2

77--97

EN

Over recent years, cycling has emerged as a particularly desirable mode of transport in Europe. Many local authorities, together with cycling lobbyist and advocating groups strive to get cycling to an accepted level of urban mobility. Certain movements have already introduced the citizens’ science approach aimed at improving the local conditions for cyclists with crowd-sourced data collection. With this in mind, this paper presents an entry-level analysis of vibration from various surfaces which might affect the comfort of cyclists in the city of Žilina. The emphasis is placed on the analysis of the road surface with a smartphone application and a so-called instrumental or a probe bicycle. The results of testing are presented in the context of the problematic issues that occur in the infrastructure. The results are aimed at drawing attention to the fact that not all infrastructure is properly built, designed or maintained. There is a relationship between properly planned and built cycling infrastructure and the cycling traffic. An Android smartphone with the Phyphox application was used in the analysis as an example of citizen’s science.

3

Laboratory tests of a car seat suspension system equipped with an electrically controlled damper

Zuska Andrzej, Więckowski Dariusz

Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie

|

2019

|

nr 60 (132)

192--199

EN

The paper presents the results of laboratory simulation tests of a suspension system for a car seat. The first part of the paper contains a description of the experiment, paying particular attention to the conditions in which the tests were conducted and the properties of the electrically controlled damper, which was mounted in the tested car seat’s suspension. Graphs of the damper’s operation were determined for different values of current intensity and the signal controlling the damper’s damping ratio and then the damping characteristics were determined on this basis. Simulated tests of the car seat’s suspension were carried out on a car component test station. During the tests, the values measured were the acceleration recorded at selected points on the dummy, which was placed on a seat equipped with suspension using a magnetorheological (MR) damper during the experiment. The second part of the paper presents an analysis of the results of the experimental tests with particular emphasis on the influence of the current that controls the operation of the damper on the values of the RMS index of the acceleration at selected points of the dummy.

4

Hydro pneumatic mechanical energy absorber enhancing passive safety of a motor vehicle

Bogdevičius Marijonas, Vitkūnas Rolandas

Transport Problems

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2019

|

T. 14, z. 2

5--17

EN

The purpose of this paper is to describe and analyse a mechanical device designed to enhance the safety of a motor vehicle. The topic is addressed by analysing the method of absorbing kinetic energy during a car collision with an obstacle. The article analyses opportunities to convert motor vehicle’s kinetic energy into another type of energy in the case of collision. For this purpose, various mechanical, hydraulic or pneumatic devices are normally used. Such devices are designed to absorb collision energy and reduce or eliminate its impact on the driver, the passengers or cargo in the motor vehicle. The absorber may be used as an additional element of safety to the passenger and the cargo. The energy absorber described in the present article incorporates hydraulic, pneumatic and mechanical components. The description of the absorber presented here is based on mathematical calculations characterizing mechanical, pneumatic and hydraulic processes in the equipment. The analysis of the developed mechanism employs a special application to calculate major parameters of the motor vehicle and the installed absorber. The article also gives a sensitivity analysis of the effect of the rod length on the decrement of the vehicle's kinetic energy.

5

Impact of specific factors on the state of the tire pressure value

Caban Jacek, Turski Andrzej, Nieoczym Aleksander, Tarkowski Sławomir, Jereb Borut

Archiwum Motoryzacji

|

2019

|

Vol. 85, nr 3

137--148

EN

The article presents the research on the impact of specific factors on the state of the pressure value in passenger car wheels in service. Data on how the vehicle was used was obtained based on a survey. The survey contained data on checking the condition of the vehicle tires and also measured the tire pressure. The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between the impact of specific factors on the state of the pressure value in passenger car wheels. The correlation analysis of the correctness of pressure in car tires and selected factors was carried out using the Kendall tau test. In addition, odds ratio (OR) analysis and the Hosmer and Lemeshow test were used to analyze the results. The work draws attention to the impact of improper tire pressure on tire durability and road safety as well as the functioning of other active safety systems. In addition, attention was drawn to drivers' awareness of the need to control the pressure in the wheels of the vehicle. Based on the analysis it was found that the age of the vehicle used and the driver's knowledge have the greatest impact on the correct tire pressure. Studies have shown that in over 60% of the vehicles analyzed, the tire pressure was normal.

6

Analysis of vertical vibrations affecting a child transported in a child seat during a car passing over the release speed bump

Frej Damian Paweł, Zuska Andrzej, Cadge Karin

Archiwum Motoryzacji

|

2019

|

Vol. 86, nr 4

111--125

EN

The article presents the results of research on the assessment of vibrational comfort of children carried in child seats. The work analyzes the impact of the child's mass and the speed of the car passing through the speed bump on the level of vibration to which the passenger (child) transported in the child seat mounted on the rear seat of the car is exposed. The tested car seats were installed in a passenger car using the ISOfix base. During the tests, the measured values were the acceleration of the seat child seat, the backrest of the child seat, the rear seat of the car and the child seat ISOfix base. As part of the research, car drive through the speed bump were carried out at different car speeds and with different mass simulating the mass of a child. The test results were analyzed in order to determine the magnitude of vibrations generated during car drive through the speed bump. Based on the results obtained, the level of vibrational comfort of a child trip in a child seat was assessed.

7

Results of the crash tests of electric cars

Żuchowski A.

Journal of KONES

|

2018

|

Vol. 25, No. 1

483--490

EN

The work presents the results of crash tests carried out with six electrical car models (from 2012-2013), with the weight of 1200-2300 kg (Smart Electric Driver, Mitsubishi IMiEV, Nissan Leaf, CODA, Ford Focus BEV, Tesla Model S). The results were published on the Internet by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (USA), and the tests involved a car travelling at the speed of 56 km/h, hitting frontally into a non-deformable (stiff) barrier, positioned perpendicularly to the car’s direction of movement. Particular attention was paid to the deformation of the car after hitting the barrier, so-called stiffness characteristics of the frontal crumple zone, and to the loads on the dummies placed at the driver’s and passenger’s seat (Hybrid III, a 50-centile man and a 5-centile woman). Results of the tests with electric cars were compared with the results of the tests with over a hundred of combustion engine cars with similar weight and type of car body (sedan, hatchback). The tests proved that, in the majority of electrical cars tested, the deformation of the frontal crumple zone after hitting an obstacle is larger than in case of similar cars with internal combustion engine. Because of that, the dynamic loads on the occupants of the vehicle tend to be smaller, as indicated by measured loads on the heads and chests of the dummies. The results may suggest that the frontal crumple zone may be better constructed in the case of electric cars, while the design possibilities regarding that area are limited in standard cars due to the combustion engine, which is not deformed during the accident, which makes it more difficult for the energy of the crash to dissipate.

8

The analysis of burnishing process influence on disc brake friction characteristics and its influence on vehicle safety : by inertia brake dynamometer testing

Dąbrowski T., Kurczyński D., Łagowski P., Warianek M.

Autobusy : technika, eksploatacja, systemy transportowe

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2018

|

R. 19, nr 6

393--398, CD

EN

The article describes the influence of the burnishing process on the disc brake friction characteristics. It shows the importance of brake burnish and how unburnished brake can affect vehicle safety. It shows the brake dynamometer test results obtained on six different brake pads compounds, their detailed analysis and comparison.

9

Bezpieczeństwo a wykorzystanie inteligentnych systemów wspomagających kierowcę

Tęczyńska E., Dudek T.

Autobusy : technika, eksploatacja, systemy transportowe

|

2017

|

R. 18, nr 12

455--458, CD

PL

W artykule omówione zostały systemy bezpieczeństwa wdrażane w pojazdach drogowych, ich wpływ na prowadzenie samochodu przez kierowcę oraz zagrożenia i problemy z tym związane.

EN

Article describes the safety systems implemented in vehicles, their impact on driving, and the risks and problems associated with it.

10

Symulacyjna ocena wpływu nabiegania ogumienia na dynamikę poprzeczną i bezpieczeństwo ruchu pojazdu podczas przejazdu przez pojedynczą nierówność podłoża w ruchu krzywoliniowym

Luty W.

Prace Naukowe Politechniki Warszawskiej. Transport

|

2016

|

z. 112

261--270

PL

W pracy przedstawiono możliwe przyczyny obniżenia wartości reakcji bocznej przenoszonej przez koła pojazdu w ruchu krzywoliniowym na skutek ich wprowadzenia w stan drgań pionowych. Wykonano badania symulacyjne pojazdu w warunkach ruchu krzywoliniowego podczas przejazdu po pojedynczej nierówności podłoża. Wykazano, że nabieganie ogumienia może znacznie zwiększyć poziom obciążeń dynamicznych elementów układu jezdnego pojazdu. Jednocześnie wykazano, że nabieganie ogumienia istotnie zwiększa wrażliwości pojazdu na zakłócenia ruchu krzywoliniowego wywołane przejazdem po nierówności podłoża.

EN

The paper presents the possible causes of a reduction in the value of lateral reaction force transmitted by the tire during nonlinear vehicle motion when the vehicle wheels are in state of vertical vibrations. Simulation tests of vehicle in nonlinear motion, when driving over the single unevenness of the road surface have been performed. It has been shown that the tire relaxation can significantly increase the level of dynamic loads of vehicle chassis components. At the same time it have been demonstrated that the tire relaxation can significantly increase the vehicle sensitivity to disturbances of its nonlinear motion caused by passing through the unevenness of road surface.

11

Metodologia badania bezpieczeństwa pojazdów w Polsce

Dąbrowska-Loranc M.

Prace Naukowe Politechniki Warszawskiej. Transport

|

2016

|

z. 114

73--84

PL

Referat przedstawia metody oceny stanu bezpieczeństwa parku pojazdów w Polsce. Pojazd odgrywa bardzo ważną rolę w systemie bezpieczeństwa. Badania polegające na ocenie ilościowej parku pojazdów w oparciu o centralną bazę CEP powinny zostać uzupełnione pogłębionymi badaniami ankietowymi dotyczącymi wyposażenia w urządzenia bezpieczeństwa, eksploatacji pojazdu oraz udziału w ruchu drogowym. Systematyczne badania prowadzone wg przyjętej metodologii pozwalają na śledzenie zmian oraz planowanie, monitoring i ocenę podejmowanych działań. Znajomość struktury parku pojazdów jest niezbędna z punktu widzenia oceny zagrożenia bezpieczeństwa ruchu drogowego, opracowania długookresowych i krótkoterminowych krajowych programów i strategii bezpieczeństwa oraz planowania i podejmowania działań prewencyjnych.

EN

The article presents evaluation methods of car park safety condition in Poland. Vehicle plays a major role in safety system. Quantitative study of car park based on central database should be supplemented with in-depth questionnaire study regarding vehicle safety devices, its maintenance and participation in real traffic. Systematic studies undertaken with accordance to the adopted methodology allow to investigate the changes and to plan, monitor and evaluate the undertaken activities. The knowledge of car park structure is crucial from the point of view of road safety situation evaluation, development of long- and short-term national programs and strategies as well as planning and realization of preventive measures.

12

Numerical study on the modification effect of the seat load acting on a soldier during the blast wave derived from IED explosion

Sławiński G., Dziewulski P., Niezgoda T., Malesa P.

Journal of KONES

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2016

|

Vol. 23, No. 3

465--472

EN

The structure of a vehicle located in the explosion area of an anti-vehicle mine or an IED is subject to a strong impact of a blast wave. The explosion of a mine produces a blast wave that travels in all directions at a speed greater than the speed of sound. The level of risk to the crew of a military vehicle depends on their distance from the place of detonation, on the vehicle’s design and in particular on the design of the bottom of the hull and on the assembly and type of seats. The article provides the analysis of the impact of a side explosion on the crew of an armoured vehicle. Since the new classified version of the AEP-55 document, which defines the conditions for testing the resistance of military vehicles to explosions affecting their side, is not available, it was assumed in the numerical analysis that the charge weight of the explosive device is 100 kg TNT, placed between the central vehicle axles at the distance of 400 mm from the bottom and 1,000 mm from the lower board. Two cases were analysed: one where the Hybrid III dummy was placed on the reference seat and the other where it was placed on a modified seat. The analysis is conducted using the LS-DYNA explicit code. Only the vehicle’s hull is considered with suspension and the turret is modelled with mass.

13

Intelligent Safety Vehicle Systems

Moravčík L, Jaśkiewicz M.

Autobusy : technika, eksploatacja, systemy transportowe

|

2016

|

R. 17, nr 11

106--115

EN

The aim of this paper is to introduce vehicle safety. Introduced will present intelligent vehicle safety systems, which are used in today's advanced intelligent vehicles. Progress in technology and information systems open up new possibilities in vehicle safety, which can reduce traffic accidents.

14

Analiza wpływu zmiany ułożenia taśmy pasa bezpieczeństwa na obciążenia pasażerów na tylnych siedzeniach podczas czołowego uderzenia samochodu w przeszkodę

Żuchowski A.

Logistyka

|

2015

|

nr 4

7095--7105, CD2

PL

Celem pracy jest ocena wpływu zmiany położenia taśmy pasa względem pasażerów (dorosły i dziecko) na tylnych siedzeniach na ich kinematykę, obciążenia dynamiczne i ryzyko powstawania obrażeń, podczas czołowego uderzenia samochodu w przeszkodę. Obciążenia dynamiczne, jakim są oni poddawani podczas wypadku drogowego, mogą być nawet kilka razy większe, niż obciążenia osób na przednich fotelach. Do oceny tych obciążeń opracowano w systemie MADYMO model komputerowy wnętrza samochodu, z manekinami dziecka oraz osoby dorosłej na tylnych fotelach. Rozważono trajektorie ruchu bioder, torsu i głowy oraz obciążenia dynamiczne, działające na manekiny. Zgromadzone wyniki badań umożliwiły wyznaczenie przebiegów oraz wartości obciążeń dynamicznych, wynikających z działania sił bezwładności oraz reakcji od pasów bezpieczeństwa. W ilościowej ocenie obciążeń manekinów wykorzystano wyniki obliczeń wskaźników biomechanicznych.

EN

This work was undertaken to assess the influence of changes in the positioning of the seat belt to the occupants (adults and children) of the rear seat on their kinematics, the dynamic loads acting on them, and the risk of injury they are exposed to during a frontal impact of the car against an obstacle. Dynamic loads, affecting them during a road accident, can be even a few times higher than the loads of the front seat passengers. In order to evaluate these loads, a computer model of a car interior was developed in the MADYMO system including child and adult dummies on the rear seat. Within the analysis, the trajectories of the pelvis, torso and head of each dummy as well as the dynamic loads acting on the dummies were examined. The test results collected made it possible to determine the time histories and values of the dynamic loads caused by inertial forces and seat belt reactions. The quantitative evaluation of the loads acting on the dummies was based on results of calculations of biomechanical indicators.

15

Investigation of human body exposed to blast wave derived from improvised explosive devices

Sławiński G., Dziewulski P., Niezgoda T.

Journal of KONES

|

2015

|

Vol. 22, No. 4

287--294

EN

The analysis of contemporary military conflicts shows, that the most dangerous threat for soldiers are Improvised Explosive Devices (IEDs). Blast resistance of military vehicles and structures is broadly discussed in many articles. However, information about human body response to impact loading is hard to find and very general. Both experi-mental trials with dummies and numerical analyses are needed. To design and develop better protection system it is necessary to identify and measure the effects of blast wave impact on crew of military vehicle. This paper presents numerical simulation results of special armoured vehicle subjected to mine threat of 8 and 10 kg of TNT. Possible effects of mine explosion on human body are described. Review of modern-mine and IED countermeasure solutions is presented. The analysis is conducted using LS-DYNA explicit code. Only vehicle’s hull is considered with suspension and turret is modelled using mass. Gravity is taken into account. Numerical model of Hybrid-III dummy is used. Accelerations and forces in tibia, neck and spine were calculated. HIC-36 criterion was also evaluated Different types of possible seat configuration are examined. Results show convergence between explosive size and injury risk.

16

Influence of the tire relaxation on the simulation results of the vehicle lateral dynamics in aspect of the vehicle driving safety

Luty W.

Journal of KONES

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2015

|

Vol. 22, No. 1

185--192

EN

Selected experimental research results of truck tire in steady-state side cornering and transient cornering conditions are presented in this paper. Experimental research results of the tire have been used in simulation research of medium duty truck in nonlinear driving conditions. The paper presents the structure of the vehicle dynamics model and a description of applied tire-road interaction model. Simulation research of the vehicle lateral dynamics has been performed in two variants: without and with the model of tire relaxation. During research, the tire relaxation length has been also changed. The steering wheel angle changes were forced as continuous sinusoidal excitation signal with a constant amplitude and with continuously increasing frequency. There have been analysed basic physical quantities characterizing the vehicle lateral dynamics connected with the vehicle active safety, especially including body yaw velocity and lateral acceleration in the centre of the truck body mass. An analysis of research results have been performed in the time and frequency domain. Time courses of analysed physical quantities and their frequency spectrum, obtained for tire-road interaction model without and with the tire relaxation (with different values of relaxation length) have been compared. Based on the simulation research results there have been considered the influence of tire relaxation on the vehicle performance. There have been shown that the tire relaxation can significantly change courses of observed physical quantities connected with vehicle lateral dynamics connected with vehicle driving safety.

17

Automatyczne sterowanie cofania ciągnika siodłowego z naczepą

Gumenyuk P.

Informatyka, Automatyka, Pomiary w Gospodarce i Ochronie Środowiska

|

2015

|

nr 2

72--80

PL

W artykule opracowano sposób poprawy manewrowości pojazdu za pomocą blokowania kąta łamania. Opisany model umożliwia dokładne przeanalizowanie ruchu ciągnika siodłowego. Zaproponowano oprogramowanie do kontroli ruchu dwuosiowego obiektu przy obciążeniu. Stworzono algorytm sterowania podstawowymi mechanizmami danego obiektu, tak aby zapewnić stabilność ruchu. Pokazano niektóre z istniejących mechanizmów sterowania naczepami oraz zaproponowano nową konstrukcję, która pomaga sterować zestawem siodłowym podczas cofania.

EN

The article considers the way to improve maneuverability of the vehicle by locking assembly angle. A model is described that makes the study of truck-train movement more convenient. Software for the multilink vehicle is designed. The algorithm to control basic mechanisms of the model is described. Some of the existing mechanisms to manage trailed link are shown, a new design that helps to manage road train when reversing is proposed.

18

Computational Simulation of a Motion of the Car Equipped with the Lane Departure Avoidance System

Reński A.

Machine Dynamics Research

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2014

|

Vol. 38, No. 4

89-102

EN

When designing safety systems of contemporary cars it should be taken into consideration not only the technical but also psychological aspects. The paper presents a computation model of the driver-vehicle-environment system, in which the car is equipped with the Lane Departure Avoidance system. The system warns the driver if it recognizes a possibility that the car would depart from the lane in the assumed time period. This time period is called Time to Line Crossing (TLC). The vehicle control model used in the computer simulation consists of three elements: the vehicle (road-vehicle kinematics and vehicle dynamics), the driver (his perception and response), the environment and the impact of different disturbances. In order to describe the lane departure avoidance system the model was extended with an algorithm describing its function. The Time to Line Crossing is an important parameter used in this algorithm. The aim of the study was to investigate the influence of the assumed, TLC threshold on the behavior of the driver-vehicle system in a situation when the vehicle approaches to the road lane border line. The paper presents the results of calculations of two maneuvers, namely: the reaction to the side wind and the movement on the road with gentle bends. The method presented in the paper, makes it possible to investigate the influence of the Lane Departure Avoidance system on the motion of the car. Furthermore, it is shown that whether or not and how the driver can correct the trajectory of the car in a safe way depends on the TLC threshold value assumed in the system.

19

Ocena skutków środowiskowych rozwoju transportu samochodowego

Osiński J., Rumianek P., Kosiński P., Jungowski A.

Logistyka

|

2014

|

nr 6

8205--8212

PL

W pracy omówiono problemy wynikające z oddziaływania ruchu samochodów na środowisko naturalne – wskazano na szybki przyrost liczby pojazdów, w roku 2011 osiągnęła ona 1 miliard. Zgodnie z przyjmowaną prognozą liczba ta będzie się podwajać w ciągu dwudziestu lat. Efektem tego jest budowa coraz większej ilości dróg - drogi te, łącznie z dodatkowymi elementami jak: skrzyżowania, mosty, wiadukty, parkingi zajmują znaczny obszar, który jest wyłączony z obiegu przyrody – ponad 2,5% powierzchni Polski – około 8000 km2.Wypadki drogowe są najbardziej tragiczną konsekwencją rozwoju transportu samochodowego – sytuacja w naszym kraju się poprawia - liczba ofiar wypadków w Polsce zmniejsza się o kilka procent rocznie. Poprawa właściwości konstrukcji ochronnych stosowanych w pojazdach i w barierach wzdłuż dróg następuje dzięki wprowadzaniu nowoczesnych materiałów z grupy tworzyw sztucznych i kompozytów, w szczególności pianek, żeli i innych materiałów hiperelastycznych (o bardzo dużych, odwracalnych odkształceniach). Przedstawiono przykłady symulacji uderzenia impaktora nogi w przód samochodu wyposażonego w element ochrony pieszych wykonany z pianki hiperelastycznej o właściwościach opisanych modelem LOW DENSITY FOAM. Omówiono również problem silnej zależności właściwości materiałów ochronnych z tworzyw sztucznych i kompozytów od zmiany temperatury pracy.

EN

This paper presents the problems of environmental protection against the risks of car traffic – with the indication to very large increase of number of vehicles, in 2011 it reached 1 billion. According to current prognosis this number will be redoubled in every 20 years. In result there are more and more new roads – roads with additional elements like: crossroads, bridges, flyovers, car parks now covers 2,5 % of Poland (about 8000 km2), which area is excluded from the circulation of nature. The most tragic result of increases car transportation are car accidents - situation in our country is improving - number of accidents victims in Poland is decreasing few percent every year. The result of using modern materials (plastics, composites, especially foam, gel and other hiperelastics materials) is improvement in characteristic of protection structures applied in vehicles and safety barrier along roads. This paper presents examples of simulation collision of leg-impactor with front of the car with hiperelastic protection structures made from low density foam. The problems with high depending of characteristic plastics and composites materials from changing of work temperature are also raise.

20

Metody oceny wytrzymałości konstrukcji nośnych pojazdów osobowych

Liss M., Kałaczyński T., Żółtowski B.

Logistyka

|

2014

|

nr 6

6777--6784

PL

Nadwozie jest jednym z najważniejszych zespołów samochodu osobowego, zarówno pod względem wizualnym i funkcjonalnym, jak również technicznym. W aspekcie technicznym nadwozie samochodu osobowego pełni odpowiedzialną funkcję struktury nośnej, do której to mocowany jest zespół napędowy, układ kierowniczy, układ zawieszenia itp. Istotne jest również to aby struktura nadwozia zapewniała wysoki poziom bezpieczeństwa kierowcy oraz pasażerom znajdującym się wewnątrz pojazdu. W pracy przedstawiono potrzebę identyfikacji stanu technicznego nadwozi samochodów osobowych w aspekcie oceny wytrzymałości. Wykazano brak metod umożliwiających dokładną ocenę wytrzymałości konstrukcji nośnych pojazdów powypadkowych po naprawie. Zwrócono uwagę na zjawisko odkształcenia plastycznego, które jest obecne w przypadku kolizji jak i również w przypadku napraw powypadkowych, kiedy to niektóre elementy konstrukcji nośnej podlegają tzw. prostowaniu. Przedstawiono również dwie metody badawcze określające z dużą dokładnością własności mechaniczne nadwozia oraz ich możliwość wykorzystania na etapie eksploatowania maszyny.

EN

Body is one of the most important structures of cars in terms of visual, functional as well as technical aspects. In technical aspect car body takes very responsible position as the support structure to which powertrain, steering, suspension, etc. are assembled. It is also important that the structure of the body should ensure a high level of safety to the driver and passengers inside the vehicle. The work presents the necessity of car body technical condition identification in the aspect of safety. The results showed no methods that allow an accurate assessment of the strength of load-bearing structures damaged cars repaired. Drew attention to the phenomenon of plastic deformation, which is present in the event of a collision as well as in the event of accident repairs, when some elements of the superstructure shall be called. straightening. It also presents two methods to test accurately determining the mechanical properties of the body and its ability to use at the stage of maintenance of equipment.