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Landscape monitoring of post-industrial areas using LiDAR and GIS technology

Wężyk P., Szostak M., Krzaklewski W., Pająk M., Pierzchalski M., Szwed P., Hawryło P., Ratajczak M.

Geodesy and Cartography

2015

Vol. 64, no. 1

125--137

The quarrying industry is changing the local landscape, forming deep open pits and spoil heaps in close proximity to them, especially lignite mines. The impact can include toxic soil material (low pH, heavy metals, oxidations etc.) which is the basis for further reclamation and afforestation. Forests that stand on spoil heaps have very different growth conditions because of the relief (slope, aspect, wind and rainfall shadows, supply of solar energy, etc.) and type of soil that is deposited. Airborne laser scanning (ALS) technology deliver point clouds (XYZ) and derivatives as raster height models (DTM, DSM, nDSM=CHM) which allow the reception of selected 2D and 3D forest parameters (e.g. height, base of the crown, cover, density, volume, biomass, etc). The automation of ALS point cloud processing and integrating the results into GIS helps forest managers to take appropriate decisions on silvicultural treatments in areas with failed plantations (toxic soil, droughts on south-facing slopes; landslides, etc.) or as regular maintenance. The ISOK country-wide project ongoing in Poland will soon deliver ALS point cloud data which can be successfully used for the monitoring and management of many thousands of hectares of destroyed post-industrial areas which according to the law, have to be afforested and transferred back to the State Forest.

W wyniku działalności wydobywczej, w tym eksploatacji odkrywkowej, krajobraz naturalny zostaje całkowicie zmieniony, powstają wielkoobszarowe tereny bezglebowe w formie zwałowisk i wyrobisk. W celu powstrzymania degradacji środowiska oraz odtworzenia warunków przyrodniczych konieczne staje się objęcie tych terenów rekultywacją i zalesianiem, z uwzględnieniem różnych warunków wzrostu roślinności, wynikających z ukształtowania terenu (nachylenie, ekspozycja, kierunek wiatru i opadów, dopływ energii słonecznej, itp.) czy rodzaju gruntu. Technologia lotniczego skanowania laserowego (ALS) dostarcza chmury punktów (XYZ) oraz ich pochodne w postaci rastrowych modeli wysokości, które umożliwiają wyznaczenie wybranych parametrów 2D i 3D roślinności (np. wysokość drzewostanów i pojedynczych drzew, wysokość podstawy korony, zwarcie, biomasa, itp). Automatyzacja przetwarzania chmur punktów ALS i integracja wyników w systemach GIS pomaga w podejmowaniu decyzji, dotyczących zabiegów hodowlanych, także na obszarach szczególnie trudnych dla adaptacji roślinności (toksyczne gleby, susze na południowych stokach, obsunięcia ziemi). Ogólnokrajowy projekt ISOK jest źródłem danych pochodzących ze skanowania laserowego, które z powodzeniem mogą być używane do monitorowania i zarządzania wieloma tysiącami hektarów zniszczonych terenów poprzemysłowych, które zgodnie z prawem mają zostać zalesione i przekazane pod działanie Lasów Państwowych.

Nest site preference of forest dormouse Dryomys nitedula (Pallas) in the north-western corner of the distribution range

Juškaitis R., Balčiauskas L., Šiožinytė V.

Polish Journal of Ecology

2012

Vol. 60, nr 4

815--826

Lithuania is situated in the very north-western corner of the large distribution range of the forest dormouse Dryomys nitedula and it might be considered that dormouse habitats should be both different and sub-optimal in this area in comparison to central parts of the range. The aims of the present study were to analyse which vegetation parameters determine nest site preference of D. nitedula and to compare these with nest site preferences of other dormouse species. The population of D. nitedula was studied from 2001 to 2011 using nestboxes set up in a grid system, with regular control of the nestboxes and ringing of dormice captured. During entire study period, 97 individuals were marked with rings and the total number of dormouse captures was 440. Vegetation parameters (the composition of the overstorey and understorey, the numbers and cover of different tree and shrub species, absence of vegetation etc.) were evaluated quantitatively in areas of 2500 m2 around 58 nestboxes at this study site. During the period 2001–2002, the abundance of D. nitedula was relatively high, with the dormice using the entire area of the study site, showing a preference for nest sites with a more diverse overstorey and understorey. However, no significant correlations were found between indices of nestbox use and other vegetation parameters in this period. During the period 2003–2011, when the dormouse abundance was lower but stable, dormice used only part of the study site area, in this preferring nest sites with a better developed and diverse understorey (especially with young rowan, lime and aspen trees), with more abundant mature oak, lime and black alder trees and a higher percentage of raspberry and bramble cover, as well as overgrown clearings. D. nitedula avoided nest sites with higher total number of mature trees (especially Scotch pine and Norway spruce), as well as areas with higher percentage of bilberry cover and open areas (rides, presence of stumps). In general, a well-developed and diverse understorey was the main habitat component which determined nest site preference of D. nitedula in the very northwestern corner of its range. Thus, D. nitedula retains its main habitat requirement which is characteristic also for other parts of its large range. Vegetation parameters determining nest site preference of D. nitedula are rather similar to nest site preference of the common dormouse Muscardinus avellanarius. However, D. nitedula may live in less rich habitats probably because their diet includes more food of animal origin.