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Zróżnicowanie i dynamika roślinności na terenie Stacji Bazowej Zintegrowanego Monitoringu Środowiska Przyrodniczego w Szymbarku (Beskid Niski)

Salachna Anna

Inżynieria Ekologiczna

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2020

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Vol. 21, nr 4

10--19

PL

W pracy przedstawiono wyniki badań roślinności, przeprowadzone na terenie Stacji Bazowej Monitoringu Zintegrowanego Środowiska Przyrodniczego w Szymbarku. W celu oceny tendencji dynamicznych wyróżnionych zbiorowisk roślinnych porównano dane fitosocjologiczne z 1995 i 2011 roku. Analiza DCA oraz wielozmienna analiza wariancji PERMANOVA wykazały brak istotnych statystycznie różnic w składzie gatunkowym porównywanych fitocenoz w badanym okresie. Za pomocą testu Wilcoxona dla par wiązanych odnotowano natomiast istotne statystycznie różnice w wartościach średnich bogactwa gatunkowego oraz wskaźnika jednorodności gatunkowej Pielou. Największe przeobrażenia struktury stwierdzono w zespole rajgrasu wyniosłego Arrenatheretum elatioris Br.-Bl. ex Scherr. 1925, co wynika z dużej wrażliwości tej fitocenozy na zmiany parametrów środowiskowych oraz sposobu użytkowania.

EN

The paper presents the results of vegetation research carried out in the Base Station of Integrated Monitoring of Natural Environment area in Szymbark. In order to assess the dynamic trends of the distinguished plant communities phytosociological data from 1995 and 2011 were compared. The DCA analysis and the multivariate PERMANOVA analysis of variance showed no statistically significant differences in the species composition of the compared phytocoenoses in the period 1995–2011. Using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test, statistically significant differences were noted in the mean values of species richness and the Pielou species homogeneity index. The greatest transformations in the structure were found in the Arrenatheretum elatioris association, which results from the high sensitivity of this phytocoenosis to changes in environmental parameters and the way of use.

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Spontaneous regeneration of the Carpathian beech forest in planted pine stands of the Roztocze National Park (the Roztocze Highlands, south-east-Poland)

Maciejewski Z.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2011

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Vol. 59, nr 2

235-248

EN

Directions and the scope of changes in the species composition of individual layers in secondary pine communities belonging to the class Querco-Fagetea Br.-Bl. & Vlieg. 1937 (tree stand, shrubs and vascular plants of the herb layer) observed at two study plots over almost 40 years (from 1971 until 2009) are discussed. Both tree stands were planted and they are in the phase of spontaneous regeneration towards a potential natural community . the Carpathian beech forest Dentario glandulosae-Fagetum Oberd. 1953. Species with greater light requirements (pine Pinus sylvestris L., aspen Populus tremula L., oak Quercus robur L., ecologically alien to the potential plant community, retreat from the tree and shrub layers. The share of tree species typical of the potential community (beech Fagus sylvatica L., hornbeam Carpinus betulus L., sycamore Acer pseudoplatanus L.) - in the tree stands increases. The rate of changes is particularly high for beech, while regression symptoms are noticed for fir Abies alba Mill.: a decrease in the abundance and share of fir in both tree-stands was recorded. A decrease in the abundance and frequency of the majority of species, including species characteristic of deciduous forests (class Querco-Fagetea) and beech forests (order Fagetalia sylvaticae Pawł.1928), and an increase in species typical of alder-ash riparian forests (alliance Alno-Ulmion Br.-Bl. & Tx. 1943) and nitrophilous communities were observed in the herb layer. Conversion treatment may reinforce the artificial character of the community because the species composition, as well as the spatial and age structure of the tree stands, can be arbitrary and therefore artificially formed during conversion (arbitrary applied size and order of regeneration clumps and areas). When anthropogenic communities are left undisturbed, processes affecting all phytocoenotic layers are activated and spontaneous forest regeneration usually begins. Therefore, tree-stand conversion used as a tool to restore natural community is not effective.

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Post-glacial vegetation and environment of the Labanoras Region, East Lithuania: implications for regional history

Gaidamavičius A., Stančikaite M., Kisieliene D., Mažeika J., Gryguc G.

Geological Quarterly

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2011

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Vol. 55, No. 3

269-284

EN

Multiproxy data (pollen, plant macrofossils, 14C dates and loss-on--ignition measurements) obtained from the Bevardis and Verpstinis lakes in the Labanoras area (East Lithuania) were used to reconstruct a vegetation history and to reveal major environmental features during post-glacial time. Biostratigraphical data indicates ongoing sedimentation in Verpstinis Lake since the final stages of the AllerÝd. The pollen data shows that Pinus-dominated forest flourished during the AllerÝd, while the Younger Dryas was characterized by open shrub/herb/grass vegetation with highly abundant Juniperus. These are evidences of severe climatic conditions in the area. The 14C data suggests that sedimentation started in Bevardis Lake with the onset of the Holocene. Picea immigrated into the Verpstinis Lake surroundings in the Late Glacial, just before 11 500 cal yr BP according to the palynological evidence. The expanding deciduous taxa, e.g., Corylus (ca. 10 200-10 000 cal yr BP), Alnus (8200-8000 cal yr BP), and broad-leaved species with Ulmus (ca. 10 000 cal yr BP), Tilia (7700-7400 cal yr BP) and Quercus (5200 cal yr BP), formed a dense mixed forest where Picea appeared at 7300-6800 cal yr BP. Both diagrams show only negligible human impact. It seems that natural factors were responsible for the formation of vegetation cover and environment in the study area throughout the post-glacial.

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Dynamics of vegetation at the late pleistocene glacial/interglacial transition (new data from the center of the east European Plain)

Novenko E. Yu., Velicho A. A., Suganova E. S., Junge F. W,., Boettger T.

Polish Geological Institute Special Papers

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2005

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Vol. 16

77--82

EN

The organic sediments at the Cheremoshnik site (the centre of the East European Plain) have been reinvestigated by pollen and macrofossil analysis in order to gather more detailed information on vegetation dynamics during the Late Pleistocene Glacial/Interglacial transition (boundary between OIS 6 and OIS 5e). Two phases of vegetation can be determined: an earlier forest substage ("warm") and a later ("cold") substage, when the forest communities were reduced in their area. There are probably some similar features between the succession of vegetation at the end of Dnieper (Saale) cold epoch and during the Valdai (Weichselian) Late Glacial (Alleröd and Younger Dryas).

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Black alder (Alnus glutinosa Gaertn.) as a pioneer species in regeneration of fresh oak-linden-hornbeam forest (Tilio-Carpinetum typicum Traczyk 1962) in Białowieża Forest (East Poland)

Obidziński A.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2004

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Vol. 52, nr 4

533-551

EN

Black alder (alnus glutinosa Gaertn.) is considered a hygrophilous species. The aim of the research was to find out if black alder may play a role of a pioneer species in the habitat of Tilio-Carpinetum typicum Traczyk 1962, i.e. fresh oak-linden-hornbeam forest. The investigation was carried out in Białowieża Forest (East Poland). The vegetation was examined with the Braun-Blanquet (1928) method. Soil diagnosis was based on the analysis of soil profiles and a network of test borings. Ecological differentiation of the phytocoenoses in terms of light, humidity, and fertility factors was analysed by indicator values of vascular plants. Obtained results showed that black alder may play the role of a pioneer species in the habitat of fresh oak-linden-hornbeam forest (Tilio-Carpinetum typicum). This phenomenon may occur on haplic luvisols underlayed with clay, after clear-cuts bigger than 1 hectare. Secondary plant communities with black alder that develop in such conditions reveal characteristics of wet oak-linden-hornbeam forest (Tilio-Carpinetum stachyetosum Traczyk 1962).