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Effects of Agricultural Land Use Change on Fungal Community Composition

Wu M., Zhong G., Meng D., Wei W.

Polish Journal of Ecology

2015

Vol. 63, nr 3

341--351

Anthropogenic disturbances, such as tillage, management practices, and fertilization, can influence soil microbial communities, but little is known about the effects of land use type on soil fungal communities. In this study, fungal abundance, diversity and community composition in soils were analyzed, to determine the impacts of different agricultural land use types, including old rice paddies (ORP), the long-term and (LTV), short-term (STV) cultivation of vegetables and Magnolia nursery plantations (MNP). Compared to the soils in ORP, the fungal abundance, determined by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, was significantly higher in soils from LTV fields and lower in those from MNP; the copy numbers of the fungal ITS genes in the LTV soils were 30 times greater than in the MNP soils. The terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) results showed that the fungal community composition was obviously different in the different soils, based on land use type. Only three T-RFs were found in the soils from the LTV fields, followed by seven in the STV soils and nine in the MNP soils; the most (11) T-RFs were found in the ORP soils. Of the measured soil chemical properties, SOC, available P and NO3--N were the dominant factors that influenced the fungal communities based on the canonical correspondence analysis (CCA). The present study showed that conversion from paddy soil to vegetable cultivation changed soil properties, decreased soil fungal diversity, increased fungal abundance, and shifted fungal community composition

Konstrukcja nowego chwastownika do integrowanych i ekologicznych upraw warzyw

Babik J., Dudek J.

Problemy Inżynierii Rolniczej

2008

R. 16, nr 3

49-58

W Instytucie Warzywnictwa w Skierniewicach został skonstruowany i wykonany nowy prototyp opielacza przeznaczonego do mechanicznego zwalczania chwastów w polowych uprawach warzyw prowadzonych metodami integrowanymi i ekologicznymi. Skonstruowano specjalną głowicę wibracyjną do napędzania aktywnych narzędzi, takich jak metalowe noże. Aby utrzymać glebę wolną od chwastów tak bardzo, jak to tylko jest możliwe, aktywne noże chwastownika będą mogły być prowadzone w bliskim sąsiedztwie rzędów rośliny uprawnej. Maszyna może być wykorzystywana do zwalczania chwastów w uprawach warzyw prowadzonych na płaskim gruncie i na redlinach. Nowy chwastownik umożliwi wcześniejsze rozpoczęcie odchwaszczania i zmniejszenie ryzyka zasypywania młodych roślin.

New prototype of the weeder for integrated and organic cultivation of field vegetable crops was designed at the Research Institute of Vegetable Crops, Skierniewice. Special torsion head was constructed to drive the active tools, such as metal knives and spring tines. To keep the soil free of weeds as far as possible, new weeder will be able to carry the active knives very close to the crop rows. The machine may be used to weed control at vegetable cultivation on a flat field as well as on the ridges. Construction of new weeder makes possible the weeding operation earlier in the season, thus will effect in decreasing the risk of burrowing young plants into soil.