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1

Seasonal variation of radon and CO2 in the Važecká Cave, Slovakia

Smetanová Iveta, Holý Karol, Luhová Ľubica, Csicsay Kristian, Haviarová Dagmar, Kunáková Lucia

Nukleonika

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2020

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Vol. 65, No. 2

153--157

EN

The continuous monitoring of 222Rn activity concentration, CO2 concentration, and microclimatologic parameters (internal air temperature and relative humidity) in the Važecká Cave (Northern Slovakia) is being carried out at three monitoring stations, namely, Gallery, Lake Hall, and Entrance Hall. Radon activity concentration and CO2 concentration exhibited a clear annual variation. The daily average of radon concentration ranged 1300–27 700 Bq/m3 at the Lake Hall station and 3600–42 200 Bq/m3 at the Gallery station. Radon reached its maximum in the summer months, from June to September. The annual maximum of CO2 concentration is registered approximately one month later than radon maximum. The annual variation of radon and CO2 is controlled by the seasonal change of ventilation regime associated with the seasonal variation of the difference between the temperature measured inside the cave and the atmospheric temperature.

2

Prognozowanie powierzchniowo-czasowe jako podstawa w podejmowaniu decyzji rozwojowych i operacyjnych organizacji

Namysłowska-Wilczyńska Barbara, Wilczyński Artur

Zeszyty Naukowe Uczelni Jana Wyżykowskiego. Studia z Nauk Technicznych

|

2019

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Nr 8

117--144

PL

Ważnym elementem zarządzania organizacją jest planowanie jej rozwoju i działań operacyjnych. W procesie podejmowania decyzji związanych z tymi działaniami w przypadku wielu przedsiębiorstw niezbędne jest wykonywanie prognoz obszarowo-czasowych, z krótszym lub dłuższym wyprzedzeniem czasowym. Dotyczy to przede wszystkim tych przedsiębiorstw, których działalność obejmuje duże obszary lub zjawiska stanowiące podstawę do podejmowania racjonalnych decyzji, w odniesieniu do rozwiązywanych zagadnień, rozwijających się w układzie powierzchniowym, powierzchniowo-czasowym, a także przestrzennym. Przykładem mogą tutaj być kopalnie surowców mineralnych, instytucje zajmujące się badaniem i ochroną środowiska naturalnego, przedsiębiorstwa sieciowe, np. telekomunikacyjne czy energetyczne. Przedstawiono metodykę badawczą wykorzystującą metody geostatystyki liniowej i nieliniowej, zastosowanej do modelowania, szacowania i prognozowania (2D, 3D) wartości parametrów opisujących różnorodne zmienne zregionalizowane. Dane wejściowe do analiz przestrzennych stanowiły wartości parametrów geologicznych, pochodzące z opróbowania wyrobisk górniczych w kopalniach rud miedzi, tj. zawartość Cu, miąższość i zasobność złoża (bilansowego), oraz wartości mocy elektrycznej w węzłach sieciowych najwyższych napięć 220 i 400 kV dla obszaru Polski. Zastosowane techniki pozwoliły na szczegółowe odwzorowanie zróżnicowania wartości badanych parametrów, wydzielenie anomalnych stref, określenie przedziałów ufności na odpowiednim poziomie ryzyka, oszacowanie niepewności i analizę zmienności tego ryzyka.

EN

A major element of managing an organization is the planning of its development and operations. As part of the relevant decision making process it is necessary for many enterprises to make areal-temporal forecasts more or less ahead of time. This particularly applies to enterprises whose activity covers large areas or phenomena, which constitute the basis for making rational decisions concerning the problems being solved, developing in the areal system, the areal-temporal system as well as in the spatial system. Industrial mineral mines, institutions studying and protecting the natural environment and network (telecommunications or power) companies are examples here. A research methodology using methods of linear and non-linear geostatistics applied to the (2D, 3D), modelling, estimating and forecasting of the values of parameters describing various regionalized variables is presented. The input data for the spatial analysis were the values of the geological parameters: Cu content, (recoverable) deposit thickness and endowment coming from the sampling of mine workings in copper ore mines and electric power values in the nodes of 220 and 400 kV ultra-high voltage distribution networks for area of Poland. Thanks to the above techniques the variation in the values of the investigated parameters was mapped in detail, anomalous zones were distinguished, confidence levels at an appropriate risk level were determined, uncertainty estimated and the variation of the risk was analysed.

3

Gender as a factor behind unequal labour market participation of women and men in European Union countries

Murawska Anna

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2019

|

z. 139

379--391

EN

Gender is one of the determinants of economic activity of populations. Dissimilarities and changes in employment and unemployment among women and men are the result of gender roles, historical background, and dynamic transformations of recent years. Differences in female and male employment are significant to the point of necessitating detailed analyses in the context of present-day living conditions. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to determine the gap in economic activity of women and men in European Union countries (EU-28) and to discover the position of Poland in this respect. Moreover, an attempt was made to specify causes of the differences found. This problem was evaluated using indicators describing economic activity by gender. The empirical data has been obtained from the European Statistical Office. The analysis involved 28 countries of the European Union. The researched period spanned from 2005 through 2017. The data was analysed statistically. In European Union countries, indicators describing economic activity of populations are varied. There is a significant gap in employment between women and men that, since 2005, has remained at 11%, while the same gap in unemployment has widened. In Poland, the employment gap has remained constant at 14%. Female and male unemployment, as well as the gender employment gap, have been decreasing in Poland since 2014. The EU-28 in general, and Poland as well, have observed an increasing rate of inactive population due to caring responsibilities. In addition, variation of this rate between women and men has also increased.

4

Indicators of Variability of Water Flow Rate in the Piwonia River

Grzywna Antoni

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2019

|

Vol. 20, nr 7

205--210

EN

The paper presents the variability of the Piwonia River flows in the Parczew profile (catchment area of 391 km2) in hydrological years 2009/10–2015/16. On the basis of the monthly flow and daily water level measurements, flow-level curves and hydrograms of water flows were drawn. The analysis of the weather conditions in the catchment area showed that in the analyzed period there were two very wet years (2010, 2014), three wet years (2011, 2013, 2016), one normal year (2012) and one dry year (2015). The total of annual precipitation in very wet years was 150 mm (130% of the norm) higher than the average for multi-years, and in the dry year it was 60 mm (86% of the norm) lower. The intensity of instantaneous flows ranged from 0.26 m3∙s-1 in 2015 to 5.5 m3∙s-1 in 2010. The average annual flow of the river in multi-years was SSQ = 1.68 m3∙s-1 and ranged from 1.19 m3∙s-1 in 2015 (dry in terms of precipitation) to 2.13 m3∙s-1 in 2010 (very wet). The direct reasons for the variability of river flows are: weather conditions, retention capacity of lakes and fish ponds, and exploitation of the hydrotechnical structures. The hydrological year 2014/15 was characterized by the highest variability of flows, while the lowest variability was recorded in the hydrological year 2010/11.

5

Assessment of Variation of Winter Severity Types in the Siedlce Area

Radzka Elżbieta, Rymuza Katarzyna, Oszkiel Milena

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2019

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Vol. 20, nr 1

118--124

EN

The objective of the work was to describe the thermal and snow conditions in the winter period in the Siedlce area. The average daily air temperatures were used in addition to numbers of days with a snow cover of at least 1 cm for the years 2000–2016 obtained from the Meteorological Station in Siedlce. Dates of the beginning and end of the winter season were determined. The average temperature of the winter season was determined in addition to the degree of winter severity, according to Oskin. The average, minimum and maximum values of parameters were calculated. The probability of an occurrence of individual types of winter severity was determined. Next, principal component analysis and cluster analysis were applied, the latter to the group years in terms of the days with a given type of weather in winter. It was found that – on average – the thermal winter began on 5 December and ended on 6th March. The winter was found to have lasted for 66 days. From year to year, there was observed an increase in the average number of days with mild weather. The greatest decline was found for the days with the weather typical of slightly severe and moderately severe winter. The last study years had the highest average number of days with weather typical of mild, slightly severe and moderately severe winter, and the lowest number of the days with weather typical of severe, very severe, unusually severe and extremely severe winter.

6

Evaluation of outsourcing transportation contract using simulation and design of experiment

Setamanit S.

Polish Journal of Management Studies

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2018

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Vol. 18, No. 2

300--310

EN

This paper aims to develop an approach to identify optimal fleet size under uncertainty and to identify important factors affecting transportation performance. The methodologies used in this paper are two folded. The first methodology is to develop a simulation model that allows manager to evaluate the impact of having different number of trailers on delivery and cost in order to identify the optimal fleet size. The second methodology is to use a Design of experiment (DOE) together with the simulation model to identify important factors that affect transportation performances. The result shows that the company should hire 16 trailers, which will reduce the delivery delay from 14% to 0.02%. Furthermore, it is found that variation in demand has a strong impact on late delivery and cost. There is also an interaction between demand variation and transportation time variation.

PL

Niniejszy dokument ma na celu opracowanie podejścia do określania optymalnej wielkości floty w warunkach niepewności oraz określenie ważnych czynników wpływających na wydajność transportu. Metodologie stosowane w tym artykule są złożone. Pierwszą metodologią jest opracowanie modelu symulacyjnego, który umożliwi menedżerowi ocenę wpływu posiadania różnych przyczep i kosztów w celu określenia optymalnego rozmiaru floty. Drugą metodologią jest wykorzystanie projektu eksperymentu (DOE) wraz z modelem symulacyjnym w celu zidentyfikowania ważnych czynników wpływających na wydajność transportu. Wynik pokazuje, że firma powinna wynająć 16 przyczep, co zmniejszy opóźnienie dostawy z 14% do 0.02%. Ponadto stwierdzono, że zróżnicowanie popytu ma duży wpływ na opóźnienia w dostawie i koszty. Istnieje również interakcja między zmiennością popytu a zmiennością czasu transportu.

7

Geostatistical investigations of displacements on the basis of data from the geodetic monitoring of a hydrotechnical object

Namysłowska-Wilczyńska B., Wynalek J.

Studia Geotechnica et Mechanica

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2017

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Vol. 39, nr 4

59--75

EN

Geostatistical methods make the analysis of measurement data possible. This article presents the problems directed towards the use of geostatistics in spatial analysis of displacements based on geodetic monitoring. Using methods of applied (spatial) statistics, the research deals with interesting and current issues connected to space-time analysis, modeling displacements and deformations, as applied to any large-area objects on which geodetic monitoring is conducted (e.g., water dams, urban areas in the vicinity of deep excavations, areas at a macro-regional scale subject to anthropogenic influences caused by mining, etc.). These problems are very crucial, especially for safety assessment of important hydrotechnical constructions, as well as for modeling and estimating mining damage. Based on the geodetic monitoring data, a substantial basic empirical material was created, comprising many years of research results concerning displacements of controlled points situated on the crown and foreland of an exemplary earth dam, and used to assess the behaviour and safety of the object during its whole operating period. A research method at a macro-regional scale was applied to investigate some phenomena connected with the operation of the analysed big hydrotechnical construction. Applying a semivariogram function enabled the spatial variability analysis of displacements. Isotropic empirical semivariograms were calculated and then, theoretical parameters of analytical functions were determined, which approximated the courses of the mentioned empirical variability measure. Using ordinary (block) kriging at the grid nodes of an elementary spatial grid covering the analysed object, the values of the Z* estimated means of displacements were calculated together with the accompanying assessment of uncertainty estimation – a standard deviation of estimation σk. Raster maps of the distribution of estimated averages Z* and raster maps of deviations of estimation σk (in perspective) were obtained for selected years (1995 and 2007), taking the ground height 136 m a.s.l. into calculation. To calculate raster maps of Z* interpolated values, methods of quick interpolation were also used, such as the technique of the inverse distance squares, a linear model of kriging, a spline kriging, which made the recognition of the general background of displacements possible, without the accuracy assessment of Z* value estimation, i.e., the value of σk. These maps are also related to 1995 and 2007 and the elevation. As a result of applying these techniques, clear boundaries of subsiding areas, upthrusting and also horizontal displacements on the examined hydrotechnical object were marked out, which can be interpreted as areas of local deformations of the object, important for the safety of the construction. The effect of geostatistical research conducted, including the structural analysis, semivariograms modeling, estimating the displacements of the hydrotechnical object, are rich cartographic characteristic (semivariograms, raster maps, block diagrams), which present the spatial visualization of the conducted various analyses of the monitored displacements. The prepared geostatistical model (3D) of displacement variability (analysed within the area of the dam, during its operating period and including its height) will be useful not only in the correct assessment of displacements and deformations, but it will also make it possible to forecast these phenomena, which is crucial when the operating safety of such constructions is taken into account.

8

Preliminary results from sculpture analysis of the apiculate miospores from the Upper Visean of Kaluga region, Russia

Mamontov D.A., Orlova O. A.

Geology, Geophysics and Environment

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2016

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Vol. 42, no. 1

95--96

EN

Palynological materials for the present study are well preserved apiculate miospores collected from palynoassemblage MS-6 of Mstikhino quarry, Kaluga Region. The unique palynoassemblage MS-6 has been extensively studied by the authors in recent years (Mamontov 2012, Mamontov & Orlova 2014). The unusual attribute of the assemblage is a great variety of the miospores with transition apiculate sculpture (grain-coni-papillae). However, it remained unclear whether the different ornamentation types had similar ranges of variation within both the sculptural elements and arrangement of the ornaments. The general purpose of the research is comparison of similar sculptural patterns from triangular apiculate miospores based on the range of morphological variation. Preliminary results of sculpture analysis of some apiculate miospores from the locality have been obtained. For the present study thirty specimens of each species Granulatisporites granulatus Ibrahim, Iugisporis subintortus (Kedo) Mamontov comb. nov., Lophotriletes parviverrucosus (Waltz) Kedo were accidentally sampled from the assemblage MS-6. All specimens were examined by the methods of transmitted light and scanning electron microscopy. Additionally we applied the model of sculptural analysis introduced and modified by Vezey et al. (1992). Measurements of sculptural features were carried out by the image-analyzing software ImageJ. Statistical data were summarized in the MS Excel. Thus several sculpture variables have been measured: - average Wadell’s diameter (it is diameter of circle having a same area as a base of the sculpture elements (grain, coni or papillae)); - average height of the elements; - average distance between the edges of adjacent elements; - average polar diameter of spore; - average length of the trilete rays; - spore outline; - quantity of elements on the visible spore hemisphere; - quantity of elements are located along the spore equator. Fifty measurements of the each variable were produced. Range of variation for the features was evaluated by coefficient of variation (CV). As a result of the analysis the three species are defined by continuous variation of the polar outline between triangular concave to triangular with slightly convex sides. Similarities within shape and size of the elements were indicated. Grains, coni and papillae are characterized by similar continuous variation of apices with blunt, pointed and rounded shape. Some of the elements are supplied by bifurcating tops while the other ones are fused by the bases. Amount of the elements is differed within each species. Ornamentation of the Granulatisporites granulatus is restricted by about 290 elements of the proximal hemisphere. The same feature of the Iugisporis subintortus is defined by about 212 coni-like elements. In contrast the Lophotriletes parviverrucosus are attributed by about 170 sculptural unites. All specimens of Iugisporis are characterized by medium coefficient of variation 26% for diameter of the base of the coni (Wadell’s diameter), but the CV of height of the elements is about 35%. Variation of the distance between the coni is extremely high 60%. For the Lophotriletes specimens CV of the Wadell’s diameter is increased up to 30% and variation of the height of papillae became more stronger – 44%. However, there are no differences in CV of the distance between the papillae in comparison to the Iugisporis. Coefficient of variation of Wadell’s diameter for specimens of Granulatisporites is indicated by level 25%. Variability of grain height is about to 30%. However, variance of distance between the adjacent grains is decreased up to 40% in contrast to other species. Variation of the polar diameter and length of rays from the all specimens are inconspicuous changed up to 12%. Additionally specimens of the all species are marked by correlation between amount of elements along the spore equator and concavity of the interradial sides of spore outline. Quantity of the equatorial elements was salutatory increased while the interradial sides became more concave. However it would generally depend on the average polar diameter of the spores. Significantly, size of the sculptural elements unevenly increased ongoing from polar area to equatorial margin of the spores. In additional, continuous variation between granulate, coni and papillae ornamentations have been observed within the studied specimens. Accordingly, all morphological features of the genera Granulatisporites , Iugisporis , Lophotriletes were subdivided into three categories: 1) common characteristics which are more stable: polar diameter, length of rays, spore outline; 2) variable characteristics which are defined by high coefficient of variation: quantity of elements, height of the elements, distance between the edges of adjacent elements, Wadell’s diameter; 3) variable qualitative characteristics: shape, type and distribution of sculptural unites. The results lead us to believe that such qualitative characters as type, shape and arrangement of sculpture elements are strongly connected with measured CV of characteristics from b) category. In accordance to morphon concept introduced by van der Zwan (1979) the group of miospore species is united in morphon by similar continuous variation of morphological features. Therefore, such morphologically similar species have the same range of CV of the coincident sculpture features. However it should be noted that this conclusion are restricted by common occurrence of transitional sculpture variations of the apiculate spores. Also it is possible that different value CV from different variables were caused by the different role of the sculptural feature in natural selection.

9

Correlations between basic physical parameters of nuts and the weight of common beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) seeds

Kaliniewicz Z., Tylek P., Anders A., Markowski P., Rawa T., Andros K.

Technical Sciences / University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn

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2015

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nr 18(1)

5--14

EN

Selected physical attributes of common beech nuts harvested from four tree stands in northern Poland were determined. Seeds were manually extracted from every nut. Seeds and nuts were weighed, and the results were used to determine the ratio of seed weight to nut weight, which described the degree of nut filling. Physical parameters and the calculated coefficients were compared by the t-test for independent samples, analysis of variance, correlation analysis and linear regression analysis. The following ranges of variation were reported in the physical attributes of nuts and the coefficients of common beech seeds: critical transport velocity of nuts - from 6.33 to 11.28 m s-1, nut thickness - from 4.76 to 9.86 mm, nut width - from 6.46 to 13.54 mm, nut length - from 12.63 to 21.62 mm, angle of sliding friction of nuts - from 15.67 to 26.67o, nut weight - from 93.0 to 513.7 mg, coefficient of sliding friction of nuts - from 0.28 to 0.50, seed weight - from 11.0 to 374.8 mg, and ratio of seed weight to nut weight - from 0.08 to 0.88. The majority of nuts contained one seed (average weight of 195.36 mg), and only 2.3% of nuts contained two seeds (average weight of 103.11 mg). The attribute that was most highly correlated with the ratio of seed weight to nut weight was seed weight (0.685), followed by critical transport velocity (0.527) and weight of nuts (0.493). The results indicate that common beech seeds would be processed most effectively in vibration-pneumatic separators or, alternatively, in pneumatic separators where nut fractions obtained with the use of mesh screens can be sorted separately.

10

Dry Matter Yield of Different Varieties of Dactylis Glomerata and Festuca Pratensis

Sosnowski J., Jankowski K., Domański P., Herda D.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2015

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Vol. 16, nr 3

211--216

EN

The aim of this paper is to analyze yield variation of Dactylis glomerata and Festuca pratensis varieties grown on organic and mineral soil. This paper has drawn on two field experiments set up and carried out between 2010 and 2013. The experiment was conducted in two experimental stations: one in the Research Centre for Cultivar Testing in Krzyżewo and the other in the Experimental Stations for Variety Testing in Uhinin. The experiment in Krzyżewo was set up on ploughed soil, with spring barley as a forecrop. In Uhnin the experimental plots were located on peat meadow. The experimental plots were sown with varieties of Dactylis glomerata: Niva, Tukan, Amila, Crown Royale and with varieties of Festuca pratensis: Limosa, Pasja, Anturka, Amelka. The full exploitation of Dactylis glomerata varieties was due between 2012 and 2013, whereas for Festuca pratensis it was due between 2011 and 2012. In the experimental plots with the varieties of Dactylis glomerata the grass was harvested six times a year and chemical analysis of the biomass was done taking dry matter only from five cuts. The varieties of Festuca pratensis were harvested four times. Each year in the course of the experiment fresh and dry matter of each cut were weighed. The grass species and their varieties as well as the particular mowing and kind of soil where the grass was grown have an impact on the yield. On mineral soil the yield of Dactylis glomerata was higher than Festuca pratensis. On organic soil the yield of both species was similar. During the two years of experiment the highest yield among Festuca pratensis varieties was noted for Amelka whereas among varieties of Dactylis glomerata the yield was similar and differences were not statistically signifi.

11

Routines in the process of organizational evolution

Stańczyk-Hugiet E.

Management

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2014

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Vol. 18, no. 2

73--87

EN

The purpose of this article is to outline the cognitive model of organizational evolution taking into account the routines. Organizational evolution requires explanation and understanding of the mechanisms of development: variation, selection and retention. It is necessary also to define the object of evolution. The research results show that organizational routines constitute that object. As for the research purposes, it is important to determine the types of organizational routines. The logic of Nelson and Winter presents that routines appear as operating, generic, and search ones. As a result of the findings in the article, a cognitive model of organizational evolution has been proposed, in which organizational routines are the objects that affect the pattern of organization’s behavior and consequently its effectiveness, which in evolutionary terms is manifested by organization’s survival.

PL

Celem artykułu jest zarysowanie modelu poznania organizacyjnej ewolucji uwzględniającego rutyny. Organizacyjna ewolucja wymaga wyjaśnienia i zrozumienia mechanizmów rozwoju, czyli różnicowania, selekcji i retencji. Koniecznym jest także określenie obiektu ewolucji. Z badań wynika, że tym obiektem są organizacyjne rutyny. Dla badań ważne jest ustalenie rodzajów rutyn organizacyjnych. Z logiki Nelsona i Wintera wynika, że rutyny przejawiają się jako rutyny operacyjne, rodzajowe i tzw. search. W efekcie ustaleń poczynionych w artykule zaproponowano model poznania organizacyjnej ewolucji, w którym rutyny organizacyjne są obiektami wpływającymi na wzorzec zachowania organizacji, a tym samym jej efektywność, która w ujęciu ewolucyjnym przejawia się przetrwaniem organizacji.

12

Eddy currents computation on the basis of variation principle combined with invariant approximations technique

Howykowycz M.

Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

|

2013

|

R. 89, nr 3a

253--255

EN

The application of variational principle combined with invariant approximation techniques to eddy currents computation has been discussed. The important advantages of the approach are, firstly, that it allows us to avoid the operation of differentiation of static characteristics of medium what usually results in poor convergence and, secondly, that obtained mathematical model preserves tensor character of initial equations.

PL

W artykule zaproponowano zastosowanie metody wariacyjnej w połączeniu z aproksymacją niezmienniczą do symulacji rozpływu prądów wirowych. Zaletą takiego podejścia jest brak parametrów materiałowych w postaci otwartej w funkcjonale na magnetyczny potencjał wektorowy, co pozwoliło uniknąć operacji ich różniczkowania w procesie przekształcania otrzymanych równań całkowych w układ równań algebraicznych.

13

On variation in Schloenbachia varians (J. Sowerby, 1817) from the Lower Cenomanian of western Kazakhstan

Kennedy W. J.

Acta Geologica Polonica

|

2013

|

Vol. 63, no. 4

443--468

EN

An assemblage of 94 specimens of Schloenbachia varians (J. Sowerby, 1817) from the Lower Cenomanian Sharpeiceras schlueteri Subzone of the Mantelliceras mantelli Zone of the Besakty section in the Mangyshlak Mountains of western Kazakhstan includes 26 complete adults that range from to 59–174 mm in diameter. No size-related dimorphism was detected in the assemblage, which shows wide, continuous intraspecific variation. This is described in terms of five formae; from robust to gracile these are: ventriosa, varians sensu stricto, subtuberculata, intermedia, and subplana. The ratio of robust (ventriosa + varians sensu stricto) to gracile (subtuberculata + intermedia + subplana) individuals is 34% to 66%. The reference specimens of the formae and their synonyms are described and illustrated, and related to the Besakty material. The modification of adult body chamber ornament of all formae is documented, and Jakeiceras Cooper and Owen, 2011 is shown to be based on an adult of a passage form between forma subtuberculata and forma intermedia. The differences between Lower Cenomanian S. varians, lower Middle Cenomanian S. coupei (Brongniart, 1822), and upper Middle and lower Upper Cenomanian S. lymensis Spath, 1926b are described and illustrated.

14

Analiza geostatystyczna zmienności parametrów technologicznych popiołożużli zdeponowanych na składowisku odpadów przemysłowych

Namysłowska-Wilczyńska B., Skorupska B., Wieniewski A.

Ochrona Środowiska

|

2012

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Vol. 34, nr 2

43-48

PL

Przedmiot badań geostatystycznych stanowiła część składowiska popiołożużli (zbiornik A), związanego z działalnością przemysłu energetycznego, znajdującego się w rejonie Świecia w województwie kujawsko-pomorskim. Przeanalizowano przestrzenne zróżnicowanie dwóch parametrów technologicznych, tj. zawartości popiołu i wilgotności popiołożużli, zdeponowanych na składowisku. Przeprowadzono analizę strukturalną zmienności tych parametrów, z zastosowaniem funkcji wariogramu kierunkowego, a następnie estymację wartości średnich (Z*) z użyciem krigingu zwyczajnego (blokowego) (3D). Przed-stawiono model geostatystyczny (3D) zmienności tych parametrów technologicznych składowiska, co pozwoliło na rozpoznanie przestrzennego zróżnicowania ich wartości w poziomym i pionowym rozprzestrzenieniu warstw popiołożużli. Wykazano, że zastosowanie metod geostatystycznych do opisu parametrów technologicznych popiołożużli, traktowanych jako złoże antropogeniczne, pozwoliło uzyskać ważną bazę danych, stanowiących komplet informacji do ewentualnego podjęcia prac nad gospodarczym wykorzystaniem materiału zdeponowanego na składowisku.

EN

The object under study is an industrial waste disposal site located in the proximity of Swiecie (district Wojewodztwo Kujawsko-Pomorskie), which receives ash-slags from power generation. Geostatistical analysis was carried out for some part of this waste disposal site (Tank?A). Two technological parameters of the ash-slags were made subject to analysis of spatial variation: ash content and moisture content. Structural analysis of variation in the two parameters was conducted using the directional variogram function, and was followed by estimation of average values (Z*) using ordinary (block) kriging (3D). A geostatistical model (3D) was established, which describes variations in the technological parameters of the waste disposal site, thus visualizing the spatial variation of their values in the horizontal and vertical extension of the ash-slag layers. It has been demonstrated that the use of geostatistical methods for describing the technological parameters of the ash-slags (treated as an anthropogenic deposit) offers the possibility of building up a comprehensive database that provides complete input information for a research project on the utilization of the material being disposed of.

15

Diagnostics of an exchange processes of electricity in a power system

Dąbrowska-Kauf G. Z.

Problemy Eksploatacji

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2011

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nr 2

51-71

EN

Diagnostics of the transmission of electricity in a power system requires the introduction of a new power system structure which consists of an electric power grid to which customers are connected. The technical aim of the electric power grids becomes one of allowing the transportation of electrical energy between different customers, guaranteeing acceptable voltage and allowing currents to be received by the customers. The power quality concept concerns the interaction between the grid and its clients. This publication describes a new structure of an electric power system and the principles and methods of the diagnostics of electric power grid in the light of monitoring quality parameters of energy exchanged between consumers.

PL

Diagnostyka przesyłu energii elektrycznej w systemie energetycznym wymaga wprowadzenia nowego modelu struktury systemu elektroenergetycznego, składającego się z sieci elektroenergetycznych, do których są podłączeni klienci, uczestniczący w wymianie energii elektrycznej między sobą (np.: wytwórcy, spółki dystrybucyjne, odbiorcy itp.). Celem technicznym sieci elektroenergetycznych jest przesył energii elektrycznej o odpowiedniej jakości, czyli o odpowiednim napięciu i prądzie. Jakość energii elektrycznej zależy bezpośrednio od wzajemnych oddziaływań na proces wymiany energii między siecią elektroenergetyczną i jej klientami. W publikacji zaproponowano nowe ujęcie diagnostyki stanów systemu elektroenergetycznego w aspekcie zmian parametrów jakości energii elektrycznej.

16

Analiza przestrzenna wzbogacalności popiołożużli z wykorzystaniem metod geostatystycznych

Namysłowska-Wilczyńska B., Skorupska B. B., Wieniewski A.

Górnictwo i Geoinżynieria

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2011

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R. 35, z. 2

451-461

PL

Przedmiot badań geostatystycznych stanowił zbiornik A, wypełniony popiołożużlami, związanymi z działalnością przemysłu energetycznego, znajdujący się w rejonie Świecia (Toruń), w województwie Kujawsko-Pomorskim. Analizowano przestrzenne zróżnicowanie wzbogacalności e' popiołożużli występujących w zwałowisku stanowiącym hałdę odpadów, definiowanej jako odzysk węgla (w kilogramach) z 1 t popiołożużli. Przeprowadzono analizę strukturalną (wariograficzną) zmienności tego parametru, z zastosowaniem funkcji wariogramu kierunkowego, a następnie estymację (3D) średnich Z*, z użyciem krigingu zwyczajnego (blokowego). Przedstawiono model geostatystyczny zmienności parametrów technologicznych zwałowiska odpadów, co pozwala na rozpoznanie przestrzennego zróżnicowania ich wartości w poziomym i pionowym rozprzestrzenieniu warstw popiołożużli. Zastosowanie geostatystyki do opisu parametrów technologicznych odpadów traktowanych jako złoże antropogenne, umożliwiło uzyskanie różnych baz danych stanowiących komplet cennych informacji do ewentualnego podjęcia prac nad gospodarczym wykorzystaniem zdeponowanego materiału.

EN

Spatial analyses were carried out to develop a 3D geostatistical model of the spatial variation in the technological parameters of an ash-slags heap connected with the operation of the power utilities located near Świecie (Toruń). Tank A filled with ash-slags was the subject of geostatistical studies. The spatial variation of recoverability e' (defined as the amount of carbon kg recovered from 1 ton of ash- slags), was analyzed. The variation of these parameters in the horizontal and vertical extents of the ash-slags heap was subjected to structural (variographic) analysis using the directional variogram function. The parameters of geostatistical models approximating the directional variogram recoverability e' were the basis for the estimation. Averages Z* and corresponding standard estimation deviations delta/k were estimated for the particular depths of the tank using (3D) ordinary (block) kriging. Thanks to the application of the geostatistical methods to describe the parameters of the waste material (treated as an anthropogenic deposit) databases containing complete valuable input information for a project aimed at utilizing the deposited material were created.

17

A note on the primitive function of a Bohr almost periodic function

Stoiński S.

Commentationes Mathematicae

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2011

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Vol. 51, [Z] 1

77-80

EN

In this article we prove a sufficient condition for the primitive function of a uniformly almost periodic function to be Bohr almost periodic.

18

Remarks on the Bourgain-Brezis-Mironescu approach to Sobolev spaces

Bojarski B.

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Mathematics

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2011

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Vol. 59, no 1

65-75

EN

For a function ƒ ∈ L[wzór] (Rn) the notion of p-mean variation of order 1, V[wzór](ƒ, Rn) is defined. It generalizes the concept of F. Riesz variation of functions on the real line R1 to Rn, n > 1. The characterisation of the Sobolev space W1,p(Rn) in terms of V[wzór](ƒ, Rn) is directly related to the characterisation of W1,p(Rn) by Lipschitz type pointwise inequalities of Bojarski, Hajłasz and Strzelecki and to the Bourgain-Brezis-Mironescu approach.

19

On truncated variation of Brownian motion with drift

Łochowski R.

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Mathematics

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2008

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Vol. 56, no 3-4

267-281

EN

We introduce the concept of truncated variation of Brownian motion with drift, which differs from regular variation by neglecting small jumps (smaller than some c > 0). We estimate the expected value of the truncated variation. The behaviour resembling phase transition as c varies is revealed. Truncated variation appears in the formula for an upper bound for return from any trading based on a single asset with flat commission.

20

Zmienność własności drutów Al do celów elektroenergetycznych: ocena prawdopodobieństwa akceptacji wyrobu

Nowak S.

Rudy i Metale Nieżelazne

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2005

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R. 50, nr 3

135-139

PL

Dokonano analizy problemu zmienności własności drutów przeznaczonych do celów elektroenergetycznych. Zidentyfikowano jej przyczyny. Oceniono prawdopodobieństwo przekroczenia granic tolerancji oraz ryzyko złej oceny wyrobu skutkiem niepewności wyniku pomiaru.

EN

Analyzing of variation problem of Al wire properties for electrical power engineering aim was described. Causes of variation was identifying. Probability of exceed of limit tolerance and risk of product evaluation as an effect of unreliable measurement result was evaluated.