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1

Secure data storage and service automation for cyber physical production systems through distributed ledger technologies

Lemme Gordon, Nölscher Kilian Armin, Bei Erhao, Hermeling Christian, Ihlenfeldt Steffen

Journal of Machine Engineering

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2021

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Vol. 21, No. 1

89--97

EN

In this paper, we use the blockchain technology to design a prototype to secure process data from a 3D-printer. Datastreams are gathered from various sources such as OPC UA servers and autonomous retrofit sensor nodes. This is followed by pre-processing for data reduction, storage in a data model, and the generation of a unique hash value over it. The hash values are stored in a blockchain using appropriate consensus methods, taking into account their temporal origin and production identification number. This also includes the context-related influence of sensor signals on the production process Restrictive access regulations using smart contracts make a partially or fully automated machine tool calibration possible. In this context, we show to realize a process partial or full automation through smart contracts. Physical machine tools and virtual simulations are integrated into the block-chain network to document the stability and performance.

2

Marketplace as a key actor in E-commerce value networks

Kawa Arkadiusz, Wałęsiak Magdalena

LogForum

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2019

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Vol. 15, no. 4

521--529

EN

Background: E-commerce is one of the most dynamic and important sectors of the Polish economy. Its development is driven by rapidly expanding Internet access. Worldwide e-commerce is dominated by marketplaces with a great market share. There are both advantages and disadvantages related to the use of marketplaces, for sellers and buyers alike. The aims of this paper are to indicate the nature of marketplaces, develop a classification for them, and also to indicate new challenges related to them and development directions in Poland. Methods: For the needs of this paper, research was conducted using the methods of direct observation and analysis of primary and secondary sources. The primary materials included data obtained from companies providing marketplaces in Poland and abroad, and the secondary ones - reports, studies and Internet sources. In addition, in-depth interviews were performed with experts on marketplaces. Results: The article provides a detailed description of marketplaces. The authors describe the division and characteristics of marketplaces and discussed the potential trends in this field. It presents marketplace-related benefits and disadvantages, and how the authors classify them. Conclusions: Marketplaces create new opportunities for expansion on a larger scale for online sellers. Companies do not need to invest in a sales platform or have knowledge of legal aspects. Moreover, they have access to innovative solutions. Obviously, there are many disadvantages, such as very strong competition from numerous sellers in one place, becoming dependent on this sales channel, and neglecting the growth of the seller's own online shop.

PL

Wstęp: Handel elektroniczny w Polsce jest jednym z najbardziej dynamicznych i ważnych sektorów gospodarki. Jego rozwój pobudzany jest przez szybko rozwijający się dostęp do Internetu. W światowym ecommerce dominują marketplace'y o dużym udziale w rynku. Korzystanie z nich wiążą się jednak zarówno z licznymi zaletami i wadami zarówno dla sprzedających, jak i kupujących. Celem artykułu jest charakterystyka marketplace'ów oraz opracowanie ich oryginalnej klasyfikacji, wskazanie nowych wyzwań i kierunków rozwoju w Polsce. Metody: Na potrzeby artykułu przeprowadzono badania z wykorzystaniem metod bezpośredniej obserwacji i analizy źródeł pierwotnych i wtórnych. Materiałami podstawowymi były dane uzyskane od firm prowadzących marketplace'y w Polsce i za granicą, a materiałami wtórnymi - raporty, badania i źródła internetowe. Ponadto przeprowadzono wywiady pogłębione z ekspertami ds. marketplace'ów. Wyniki: W artykule scharakteryzowano szczegóły dotyczące marketplace'ów. Autorzy opisali ich podział i charakterystykę oraz omówili potencjalne trendy na rynku marketplace'ów. Przedstawiono korzyści i straty z nimi związane oraz sposób ich klasyfikacji. Wnioski: Marketplace'y stwarzają nowe możliwości ekspansji na większą skalę dla sprzedawców internetowych. Firmy nie muszą inwestować w platformę sprzedaży ani znać aspektów prawnych. Ponadto mają dostęp do innowacyjnych rozwiązań. Oczywiście, istnieje wiele wad, takich jak bardzo silna konkurencja ze strony wielu sprzedawców w jednym miejscu, uzależnienie od tego kanału sprzedaży i zaniedbanie rozwoju własnego sklepu internetowego sprzedawcy.

3

A Conceptual Framework for Business Model Innovation: The Case of Electric Vehicles in China

Shao L., Xue Y., You J.

Problemy Ekorozwoju

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2014

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Vol. 9, nr 2

27--37

EN

EVs (electric vehicle), as sustainable technologies, hold the potential to achieve the sustainability of the transport system and challenge the prevailing business models of internal combustion engines (ICEs). To unlock the dominant logic of ICEs and promote the diffusion of EVs, Business model (BM) innovation is necessary. However, BM innovation for EVs still faces many obstacles. This paper makes contribution theoretically and practically by constructing a “3-7” system and proposing a two-phase conceptual framework for BM innovation of EVs. The case of Shenzhen City, China is studied to illustrate how the “3-7” system and two-phase conceptual framework is applied. Based on the case study, this paper concludes two new barriers that are not highlighted by the previous literature and makes a number of suggestions to help address the issues found in BM innovation.

PL

Samochody elektryczne (EVs – electric vehicles), jako technologie prośrodowiskowe mogą doprowadzić do zrównoważoności całego systemu transportowego, stanowiąc tym samym wyzwanie dla dominującego modelu biznesowego tradycyjnych pojazdów spalinowych. Aby przełamać monopol maszyn spalinowych i doprowadzić do upowszechnienia samochodów elektrycznych, konieczne jest opracowanie biznesowego modelu innowacji. Niestety, w przypadku samochodów elektrycznych nadal napotyka on na wiele przeszkód. W tym artykule proponujemy rozwiązania zarówno na płaszczyźnie teoretycznej, jak i praktycznej, proponując system „3-7” i składające się z dwóch faz ramy konceptualne. W celach zobrazowania tego systemu wybrano przypadek miasta Shenzen w Chinach. Na tej podstawie w dyskusji zidentyfikowano dwie nowe bariery, który nie były dotąd omawiane w literaturze i zaproponowano szereg nowych rozwiązań, które powinny przyczynić się do rozwiązania istniejących problemów.

4

Analiza i doskonalenie szczupłych sieci wartości

Horbal R., Koch T.

Systems : journal of transdisciplinary systems science

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2003

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Vol. 8, No. 1

141-151

EN

The paper describes how to use the principles of Lean Manufacturing to manage the value (supply) networks. This level of management is named a „macro" level. The fundamental lean tool for managing the value networks is Extended Value Stream Mapping (Macro-Mapping). Within the mapping process the material and information flows are depicted for the given value stream running through several cooperating enterprises. The value stream is defined for the particular product family. Here product family is seen from the technological point of view (not functional). Section 1 presents briefly the Lean Manufacturing philosophy. Lean Manufacturing is a worldwide proven approach for the improvement of production processes through eliminating wastes. The results are better quality, lower costs, and shorter lead-time. It also includes decreasing manufacturing lot sizes, which gives enterprises the ability to reach a higher level of flexibility. Single enterprise could gain many benefits after implementation of Lean Manufacturing but not all of them could be exploited without the propagation of Lean approach to the suppliers' and distribution networks. The paper interprets the Lean principles for area of supply network management. Authors use Value Network term to emphasize the role of the production facilities, where the value is created. Section 2 describes the new Lean tool to manage the Value Networks provided by Lean Enterprise Institute - Extended Value Stream Mapping. The tool is derived from the proven method of Value Stream Mapping addressed to the analysis and improvement of the single enterprise. Value Stream encompasses ail the actions performed on the product from raw materials to final products as well as accompanying information flows. The value stream could be defined on the „micro" level - within the single enterprise and on the „macro" level' - for the whole Value Network of several cooperating enterprises. For Extended Value Stream Mapping also the Macro-Mapping term is used. Section 2 shows the overall approach of Macro-Mapping to the analysis of the complex Value Networks. Section 3 depicts how to use the elaborated map to design the new Macro-Value Steam, improved according to the Lean measures (e.g. Lead-Time, Demand Amplification). The first step of the improvement relates to the changes within single enterprise, however it may also address the requirements of the whole Value Network. The benefits could be estimated. The next step is to redesign the way how companies cooperate together (e.g. using electronic Kanban system instead of purchase orders) as well as introduce the changes to the transportation and warehousing system. The third step is suggested for new investments and helps to allocate the production facilities geographically. It could be also used to justify the collocation of some suppliers with OEM. Section 4 describes the exploitation of Macro-Mapping for analysis and improvement of the relations between customer and supplier. It is based on the example of two production companies - 1st and 2nd tier suppliers. The example shows what kind of information could be obtained from the map and how to use it. The Macro-Mapping could be the first step for supplier and customer to built real win-win relation. Section 5 is the summary and gathers the conclusions for using the Lean Manufacturing philosophy and Extended Value Stream Mapping method to manage the value networks.