Coagulation is a process commonly used in water treatment, especially for surface water. This process aims to effectively remove organic matter [1, 2] especially precursors of oxidation and disinfection by-products [3–5], whose creation potential is related to absorption values at 254 nm (UV254) [6] Due to a very large variability in surface water composition over the course of the year and different contamination levels dependent on water source location, it is important to optimally choose coagulant type and dosage. Such optimization is difficult due to the presence of a large number of coagulants on the market. Świderska-Bróż and Rak [7] and Lee et al. [8] have shown that prehydrolyzed coagulants are less sensitive to changes in temperature and pH of the input water than classic ones. Lin et al. [9] suggest however that the effectiveness of coagulation mainly depends on the type and structure of organic matters present in waters, and to a much lesser degree on pH and temperature.
W opracowaniu przedstawiono sposoby uzdatniania powierzchni terenu w zasięgu starych płytkich zrobów metodą wymuszania kontrolowanego zawaha oraz lokalnego doszczelniania i wypełniania istniejących pustek lub gruzowiska zawałowego.
EN
In me elaboration it has been presented the methods of ground surface conditioning within a range of old shallow abandoned areas by means of provoked and controlled caving and local "sealing and filling" of existing voids or goafs.
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