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Characteristics of natural organic matter removed from water along with its treatment

Urbanowska A., Kabsch-Korbutowicz M.

Environment Protection Engineering

2016

Vol. 42, nr 2

183--195

The object of this study was to examine the nature of natural organic matter (NOM) removed on each stage of water treatment train used in the “Mokry Dwór” Wrocław Water Treatment Plant (WTP) and to compare obtained results with water treatment efficiencies achieved with the use of membrane ultrafiltration, ion-exchange and UF/ion-exchange integrated processes. In the experiments fractional analysis with the use of polymeric resins (DAX-8, XAD-4 and IRA-958) was used. Obtained results have shown that most (56%) of the raw water NOM was found in fraction characterized by presence of humic and fulvic acids (VHA and SHA fractions). VHA fraction made the most of DOC removed in examined water treatment train and coagulation was mainly responsible for this effect. Integrated process consisting of MIEX®DOC ion exchange and PES 10 kDa ultrafiltration turned out to be very effective at high molecular weight hydrophobic compounds removal from water being much less efficient with hydrophilic compounds.

Efficiency of ozonation followed by filtration through a biologically active adsorption bed at removing biogenic organic substances from surface water

Świderska-Bróż M, Wolska M.

Environment Protection Engineering

2012

Vol. 38, nr 2

19--28

Water entering the plant varies significantly in the content of total organic carbon and its fractions. The treatment train includes coagulation, sedimentation, rapid sand filtration, ozonation, biofiltration, disinfection and alkalization. The study aimed at assessing the applicability of ozonation, followed by biological filtration, to remove organic substances from surface water. Upon coagulation, sand filtration, ozonation, adsorption onto a biological activated carbon filter (BAF), and disinfection with chlorine and chlorine dioxide, water samples differed considerably in organic matter content before ozonation, as well as before and after biofiltration. The ozonation process brought about a reduction in total organic carbon and dissolved organic carbon concentrations, which was concomitant with a significant increase in the concentrations of biodegradable dissolved organic carbon fractions and in assimilable organic carbon. This may be attributed to the transformation of non-biodegradable substances to lower molecular weight compounds that are easier to assimilate by the microorganisms normally colonizing an adsorption bed. Even though the substances that originated from the ozonation process were effectively removed during biofiltration, the extent of removal was still insufficiently high to provide desired biological stability of the water. A benefit of biofiltration was efficient removal of refractory substances as a result of adsorption. The efficiency of the ozonation and biofiltration processes at removing organic substances increased in proportion with the increase in their concentrations in the water being treated.

Analysis of post-coagulation properties of flocs in terms of coagulant choice

Gumińska J., Kłos M.

Environment Protection Engineering

2012

Vol. 38, nr 1

103-114

The knowledge of properties of floes produced in coagulation may enable one to reduce effects of their breakage in a treatment system. This is particularly important in treatment of water contaminated mainly with natural organic matter; produced floes are fragile and susceptible to rupture. The purpose of the research was to determine the influence of a coagulant type on postcoagulation suspension strength. The results show that floes produced based on prehydrolyzed coagulants are more resistant to breakage than those produced by a hydrolyzing coagulant. Strength of post-coagulation suspension increased with the increase of polynuclear Al species (Alb species).