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The Influence of Various Matrixes on the Strength Properties of Moulding Sands with Thermally Hardened Hydrated Sodium Silicate for the Ablation Casting Process

Major-Gabryś Katarzyna, Puzio Sabina, Bryłka Agata, Kamińska Jadwiga

Journal of Casting & Materials Engineering

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2021

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Vol. 5, no. 2

31--35

EN

The essence of ablation casting technology consists in pouring castings into single-use moulds made from the mixture of sand and a water-soluble binder. After pouring the mould with liquid metal yet while the casting is still solidifying, the mould destruction (washing out, erosion) takes place using a stream of cooling medium, which in this case is water. This paper focuses on the selection of moulding sands with hydrated sodium silicate for moulds used in ablation casting. The research is based on the use of water glass 145 and 150 as binders. As part of the research, loose moulding mixtures based on two silica sands from different sand mines with different content of binders were prepared. The review of literature data and the results of own studies have shown that moulding sand with hydrated sodium silicate hardened by dehydration is characterized by sufficient strength properties to be used in the ablation casting process. Our own research also confirmed the possibility of using these sand mixtures in terms of both casting surface quality and sand reclamation. The results presented in this paper prove that both sand grains and types of binder tested may be used as components in moulding sands devoted to ablation casting.

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Moulding Sand with Inorganic Cordis Binder for Ablation Casting

Hosadyna-Kondracka M., Major-Gabryś K., Kamińska J., Grabarczyk A., Angrecki M.

Archives of Foundry Engineering

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2018

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Vol. 18, iss. 4

110--115

EN

The essence of ablation casting technology consists in pouring castings in single-use moulds made from the mixture of sand and a water-soluble binder. After pouring the mould with liquid metal, while the casting is still solidifying, the mould destruction (washing out, erosion) takes place using a stream of cooling medium, which in this case is water. This paper focuses on the selection of moulding sands with hydrated sodium silicate for moulds used in the ablation casting. The research is based on the use of Cordis binder produced by the Hüttenes-Albertus Company. It is a new-generation inorganic binder based on hydrated sodium silicate. Its hardening takes place under the effect of high temperature. As part of the research, loose moulding mixtures based on the silica sand with different content of Cordis binder and special Anorgit additive were prepared. The reference material was sand mixture without the additive. The review of literature data and the results of own studies have shown that moulding sand with hydrated sodium silicate hardened by dehydration is characterized by sufficient strength properties to be used in the ablation casting process. Additionally, at the Foundry Research Institute in Krakow, preliminary semi-industrial tests were carried out on the use of Cordis sand technology in the manufacture of moulds for ablation casting. The possibility to use these sand mixtures has been confirmed in terms of both casting surface quality and sand reclamation.

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Estimation, based on the maturity function, of the strength of early age concrete cured at elevated temperature

Wawrzeńczyk J., Lech M.

Structure and Environment

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2015

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Vol. 7, no. 3

123--131

EN

In mass production of concrete precast units, it is important to optimise technology which would ensure high early age compressive strength of concrete, and also follow the principles of sustainable manufacturing and reduce costs. The paper presents the analysis of results obtained for three series of concretes made from CEM I42.5R cement, at the water-cement ratios of 0.34, 0.38, and 0.42, cured at different temperatures, namely 20, 40 and 60°C, where heating was performed in 16-hour cycle. The analysis aimed at determining functional properties which allow the estimation of concrete compressive strength depending on the temperature history. The Carino-Lew function was adopted to determine the relation between the curing time and temperature and the equivalent curing time te. The determined values of cement thermal sensitivity factor ranged 0.023÷0.040, which was related to the w/c ratio and the strength level. An exponential function was developed to express concrete compressive strength dependence on the equivalent curing time te. In the authors’ opinion, the function can contribute to the optimisation of the production process of concrete precast units by means of designing the temperature profile, depending on the concrete mix formulation and the assumed level of concrete structural strength.

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Reaktywne rozpuszczalniki melaminy z ketonów i formaldehydu

Głowacz-Czerwonka D.

Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Rzeszowskiej. Chemia

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2004

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z. 19 [216]

39--58

PL

W pracy przedstawiono wyniki badań nad otrzymywaniem reaktywnych rozpuszczalników z ketonów i formaldehydu w obecności trietyloaminy jako katalizatora. Jako ketony zastosowano: cykloheksanon, cyklopentanon, keton etylowo-metylowy, acetofenon, benzoiloaceton, biacetyl i acetyloaceton. W uzyskanych reaktywnych rozpuszczalnikach roztwarzano melaminę. Najwięcej melaminy roztworzono w reaktywnych rozpuszczalnikach otrzymanych w reakcjach 1 mola cykloheksanonu i ketonu etylowo-metylowego z 12 molami formaldehydu, przy 40% udziale wody. Roztwory melaminy w reaktywnych rozpuszczalnikach poddawano utwardzaniu termicznemu (w obecności katalizatorów kwaśnych), uzyskując lite tworzywa melaminowo-formaldehydowo-ketonowe, które charakteryzują się bardzo dobrą odpornością na wrzącą wodę. Zaproponowano możliwość wykorzystania tych roztworów do otrzymywania tworzyw napełnionych i spienionych. Tworzywa te, w porównaniu z klasycznymi, wykazują lepsze właściwości mechaniczne (tworzywa napełnione) lub zwiększoną odporność termiczną (tworzywa spienione).

EN

Reactive solvents of melamine were prepared by reacting ketones with an excess of formaldehyde in the presence of triethylamine catalyst. The ketones used were: cyclohexanone, cyclopentanone, acetophenone, acetylacetone, benzoylacetone, biacetyl or ethyl-methyl ketone. In the obtained reactive solvents the melamine was dissolved. The best solubility of melamine was observed for the solvent obtained by reacting 1 mole of cyclohexanone (or ethyl-methyl ketone) with 12 moles of formaldehyde (with 40 wt.-% of water). From these solutions of melamine in reactive solvents have been obtained melamine-formaldehyde-ketones plastics: water-resistant coat, filled plastics and expanded plastics (rigid and semirigid polyurethane foams). The new melamine-formaldehyde-ketone plastics obtained from the melamine solution in reactive solvents can be used as the materials of interesting applicated properties.