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Application of UAV and ground measurements for urban vegetation cooling benefits assessment, Wilanów Palace case study

Trzeciak Michał, Sikorska Daria

Przegląd Naukowy Inżynieria i Kształtowanie Środowiska

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2024

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Vol. 33, No. 1

53--68

EN

This research at the Wilanów Palace, Warsaw, assesses urban greenery’s cooling impacts in a cultural heritage site using remote sensing and on-site measurements, highlighting vegetation’s importance in urban climate control. The study combines soil temperature data, UAV thermal imagery, leaf area index (LAI), LiDAR, and NDVI analyses. Findings demonstrate a strong link between vegetation density and temperature: UAV land surface temperature (LST) ranged from 26.8° to 47.5°C, peaking at 72°C, while ground-based temperatures were between 19.5° and 29.2°C, lowest in dense vegetation areas. The statistical analysis confirmed significant temperature differences across vegetation types, with higher LAI areas showing lower temperatures. These results validate the cooling effect of dense vegetation, emphasizing green spaces’ significance in urban climate regulation within cultural heritage sites. The study informs sustainable urban design and conservation, underlining the critical role of vegetation in improving urban microclimates.

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Wpływ roślin na zmienność krajobrazu miasta

Mackoś-Iwaszko Ewa

Prace Komisji Krajobrazu Kulturowego

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2023

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nr 50 (2)

65--88

PL

Roślinność jest nieodłącznym elementem miasta spełniającym szereg podstawowych funkcji ekologicznych, ochronnych i estetycznych. Ponadto kreuje, uzupełnia i scala przestrzeń urbanistyczną, niejednokrotnie podnosząc walory architektury. Ze względu na zmienność sezonową i przemijalność roślin, również krajobraz miejski podlega nieustającym przemianom. Istotny wpływ na to majązmiany fenologiczne roślinności. Różnorodność gatunkowa i bogactwo odmian dendroflory przyczyniają się do różnorodności krajobrazu miejskiego, podczas gdy sezonowa zmienność roślin wpływa na jego efemeryczność. W opracowaniu podjęto próbę przedstawienia, w jaki sposób sezonowa zmienność roślinności wpływa na krajobraz miejski na przykładzie Lublina.

EN

Vegetation is an integral part of the city, serving many essential ecological, protective, and aesthetic functions. It creates, complements, and unifies urban space, often enhancing the qualities of architecture. Due to the changeability and impermanence of plants, the urban landscape is also in constant transformation. This is significantly influenced by phenological changes in vegetation. The species diversity and richness of the dendroflora varieties contribute to the landscape diversity, while the seasonal variation of plants impacts its ephemerality. The study attempts to present how the seasonal variability of vegetation affects the urban landscape.

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Assessment of Urban Outdoor Comfort Variation in a Northwestern Moroccan City – Toward the Implementation of Effective Mitigation Strategies

Maouni Yazid, Boubekraoui Hamid, Taaouati Mohammed, Maouni Abdelfettah, Draoui Mohamed

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2023

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Vol. 24, iss. 7

1--18

EN

Studying urban outdoor comfort has become a necessary approach to achieving sustainability at multiple levels. Today, many urban projects incorporate new mitigation strategies such as green and blue patterns when it is difficult to modify urban configuration and density. This study aims to investigate urban outdoor comfort variation in a northwestern Moroccan city, where urban planning is rapidly evolving due to local socio-economic dynamics. Various urban areas were analyzed during summer conditions from two perspectives. The first one focused on studying the air quality and involved the use of Google Earth Engine platform to extract data on air pollutants (NO2, CO, formaldehyde and aerosols). Second, in-situ monitoring was carried out using four main parameters (temperature, humidity, solar illuminance and sound levels). Other factors such as urban density, urban greening and water components were also assessed. Air quality findings revealed that the main sources of air pollution were concentrated in the industrial zone and the backwater. This led to a significant impact on the air quality of the city center. The results also indicated minor effect of vegetation on the density of the pollutants studied. Based on the in-situ monitoring, results highlighted variations between different sites, which can be attributed to differences in urban morphology and the use of various plant species for urban vegetation and the water proximity. We have identified four main species on the site: Populus nigra and Platanus orientalis are deciduous trees that provide significant shade and contribute to outdoor urban comfort, resulting in a decrease of temperature by 0.8 °C compared to open bare lands where palm trees provide minimal shading. Furthermore, areas with deciduous trees experience a noise reduction of 4.6 dB compared to open bare lands. Grass and linear bushes only produce evapotranspiration benefits. In addition, we have found that proximity to water sources can reduce outdoor temperature. Green and blue strategies play an essential role in optimizing urban comfort. However, their urban implementation is not entirely effective, focusing more on aesthetic aspects than functional factors to optimize outdoor comfort. Results from the present study can be used to better influence future mitigation strategies and implement new sustainable tools.

4

Evaluation and Correlation of Sentinel-2 NDVI and NDMI in Kyiv (2017–2021)

Strashok Oleksandra, Ziemiańska Monika, Strashok Vitalii

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 23, nr 9

212--218

EN

For the last 20 years researchers have tried to create new approaches of managing urban ecosystem by using remote sensing methods. The authors estimated the normalized vegetation index (NDVI) and moisture index (NDMI) indices of Kyiv and propose an approach which can be used for estimation vegetation of other cities. The aim of the study was to assess the indicators of NDVI and NDMI in Kyiv for the last 5 years. The authors consider the NDVI index as an important ecostabilizing component of the urban ecosystem, as well as an indicator of the well-being citizens in a modern city. The study used space images of the Sentinel-2 satellite system with resolution of 10×10 m and 10×20 m. The images were decrypted using the Sentinel Hub platform which updates the data-base daily. The paper presents the results of correlation analysis using Statistica-6.0 software and demonstrate the close relationship (r = 0.73, r2 = 0.55) between NDVI and NDMI. Thus, the statistical results of the study confirm a strong correlation between photosynthetic activity of plants and indicators of their water content by satellite imagery which allows using modern satellite technologies to assess the functional state of the urban vegetation. The changes in the length of active vegetative growth period were identified by NDVI and NDMI. The results of the research expand the directions of the methods of monitoring the condition of the urban vegetation cover in the aspect of applied landscape research.

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Quantifying urban vegetation coverage change with a linear spectral mixing model: a case study in Xi’an, China

Zhao Xuan, Liu Jianjun

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. S

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2021

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Vol. 28, nr 1

87--100

EN

With the rapid development of urban area of Xi’an in recent years, the contradiction between ecological environmental protection and urban development has become prominent. The traditional remote sensing classification method has been unable to meet the accuracy requirements of urban vegetation monitoring. Therefore, how to quickly and accurately conduct dynamic monitoring of urban vegetation based on the spectral component characteristics of vegetation is urgent. This study used the data of Landsat 5 TM and Landsat 8 OLI in 2011, 2014 and 2017 as main information source and LSMM, region of variation grid analysis and other methods to analyse the law of spatial-temporal change of vegetation components in Xi’an urban area and its influencing factors. The result shows that: (1) The average vegetation coverage of the study area from 2011 to 2017 reached more than 50 %, meeting the standard of National Garden City (great than 40 %). The overall vegetation coverage grade was high, but it had a decreasing trend during this period. (2) The vegetation in urban area of Xi’an experienced a significant change. From 2011 to 2017, only 30 % of the low-covered vegetation, 24.39 % of the medium-covered vegetation and 20.15 % of the high-covered vegetation remained unchanged, while the vegetation in the northwest, northeast, southwest and southeast of the edge of the city’s third ring changed significantly. (3) The vegetation quality in urban area of Xi’an has decreased from 2011 to 2014 with 6.9 % of vegetation coverage reduced; while from 2014 to 2017, the overall vegetation quality of this area has improved with 2.1 % of the vegetation coverage increased, which was mainly attributed to urban construction and Urban Green Projects. This study not only can obtain the dynamic change information of urban vegetation quickly, but also can provide suggestions and data support for urban planning of ecological environmental protection.

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Human impact on plant communities in urban area assessed with hemeroby grades

Ziarnek Magdalena

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2007

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Vol. 55, nr 1

161-167

EN

Paper presents a scale of hemeroby of 86 plant communities constituting the vegetation cover of Szczecin (northwestern Poland), studied in the years 1999-2002. The applied nine-grade hemeroby scale expresses the anthropogenic transformation of habitats and enables the presentation of the vegetation resilience to human impact. The hemeroby spectrum of the analysed syntaxa differs from one grade in case of highly specialised communities (either semi-natural or synanthropic, like Typhetum latifoliae and Eragrostio-Polygonetum) to six grades - for communities found both on semi-natural and highly modified habitats, usually occupying eutrophic biotopes (like Urtico-Calystegietum and Urtico-Aegopodietum).