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Computational equation discovery of relationships between container ship fuel consumption and hull and propeller fouling phenomena

Cepowski Tomasz, Drozd Andrzej

Multidisciplinary Aspects of Production Engineering

2019

Vol. 2, Iss. 1

24--30

Nowadays, when we try to automatize all activities, there is a growing demand for energy in all forms. Increasingly we reach for new energy sources that can be problematic to store or to transport, owing to their toxicity or explosive propensity. The article examines the issues of determining danger zones occurring as a result of liquefied natural gas (LNG) release. The range of danger zones caused through LNG release depends on a multitude of factors. The basic parameter that needs to be considered is a type of the released substance as well as the manner of its release. The range of a danger zone is determined by, inter alia, the concentration of a released substance and the atmospheric conditions existing at the time when depressurization occurs. The article analyses the problem of the range of danger zones in a function of wind speed and surface roughness with a defined value of Pasquill stability for various LNG types, starting with pure methane, and ending with the so-called LNG-heavy. The difficulty of the task becomes more complicated when the analysed surface over which a depressurization incident takes place involves water. The problem deepens even further when the analysed substance possesses explosive properties. Then, apart from regular substance concentration, upper and lower flammability limit ought to be considered. Calculations were conducted with DNV-Phast software, version 7.11.

Explosion Hazard Evaluation and Determination of the Explosion Parameters for Selected Hydrocarbons C6-C8

Flasińska P., Frączak M., Piotrowski T.

Central European Journal of Energetic Materials

2012

Vol. 9, nr 4

399-409

Fire and explosion prevention plays an important role in the running of chemical processes, especially where flammable gases or liquids are present, which may form explosive atmospheres of gas/vapours in air. These include organic solvents such as the hydrocarbons C6 - C8. It is necessary to know the properties of these substances and the volume of an explosive atmosphere. Determination of these can identify and assess the risk of explosion, and zones in areas where there are or may occur explosive atmospheres. Information on explosion limits are also important in safety data sheets. In this study a research methodology is compared with previous studies and signals guidelines for explosion protection and prevention of explosions. The aim of this work was to determine the experimental explosion characteristics like LEL, UEL, pmax and (dp/dt)max for selected hydrocarbons. The investigations were carried out in accordance with EN 1839 by method b and EN 15967. The studies were conducted in a closed, spherical, acid-proof vessel of 20 dm3 internal volume