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1

Optimization of optical uniformity factors of backlight module using robust design method

Wang Ju-Chi, Fan Yu-Cheng, Fang Te-Hua, Tran Anh-Son, Cheng Yu-Ting

Optica Applicata

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2022

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Vol. 52, nr 1

5--20

EN

In order to meet the advent of the high-definition liquid crystal display (LCD) era, in addition to the high-quality panel manufacturing technology, how the backlight module can provide a uniform backlight with higher uniformity for a better experience in viewing, is a very important and urgent issue. In this study, the 15.6-inch side-in backlight module was used as the benchmark, and the Taguchi method was applied to find the high uniformity. The matching of the fishbone diagram affects the optical uniformity factor of the backlight module, such as the size of the light guide plate dot, the color of the plastic frame, the color of the fixed gel of the light guide plate, and the difference of the reflection surface. The optical analog software LightTools is used according to the orthogonal table. The signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio of the average uniformity characteristics is obtained, then it is converted into the best response factor of the factor response table and the factor reaction diagram. The homogeneity at 13 points is as high as 90.12%, which is 4.72% higher than the original design factor. The contribution of the four factors to the uniformity can be obtained by using the variance analysis. Finally, the influence of each factor level on the uniformity is discussed.

2

Some cardinal characteristics related to the covering number and the uniformity of the meagre ideal

Sonpanow Nattapon, Vejjajiva Pimpen

Reports on Mathematical Logic

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2021

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Vol. 56

3--14

EN

We extend the concepts of splitting, reaping, and independent families to families of functions and permutations on ω and define associated cardinal characteristics sf , sp, rf , rp, if , and ip. We study relationships among cov(M), non(M), and these cardinals. In this paper, we show that sf = non(M) = sp, rf = cov(M) ≤ rp, and cov(M) ≤ if , ip.

3

A comparison of the calculations and measurements for a lighting design of the same room

Skarżyński Krzysztof, Rutkowska Anna

Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

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2020

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R. 96, nr 11

11--14

EN

This work presents a comparative analysis of the results of the lighting parameters (average illuminance and uniformity in the task area) obtained as a result of a computer simulation carried out using DIALux 4.13, and the lighting measurements made using a professional illuminance meter in real circumstances, for the same simple office room. Issues such as the assumption of the proper reflectance values of the main areas, the discretization of photometric .ies file and the influence of the room furnishings on the simulation and measurement results were carefully analyzed. This research allows us to emphasize that the accuracy of the representation of reality by means of a computer simulation of a lighting design using DIALux 4.13 is high, and largely depends on the knowledge, reliability and experience of the lighting designer.

PL

W tej pracy wykonano analizę porównawczą wyników parametrów świetlnych (średniego natężenia oświetlenia i równomierność oświetlenia w polu zadania), uzyskanych w wyniku symulacji przeprowadzonej w programie DIALux 4.13 oraz pomiarów oświetlenia wykonanych za pomocą luksomierza w rzeczywistości, dla tego samego prostego pomieszczenia biurowego. Analizie poddano również kwestie przyjęcia odpowiednich wartości współczynników odbicia głównych powierzchni, próbkowanie pliku fotometrycznego, jak również wpływ wyposażenia pomieszczenia na uzyskane wyniki. Przeprowadzone badania pozwoliły podkreślić, że dokładność odwzorowania rzeczywistości poprzez komputerową symulację oświetlenia w programie DIALux 4.13 jest wysoka i dużym stopniu zależy od wiedzy, rzetelności i doświadczenia osoby projektującej oświetlenie.

4

Effect of non-fulfillment of assumptions on gage repeatability and reproducibility study evaluation

Klaput Pavel, Vykydal David, Plura Jiří

Quality Production Improvement - QPI

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2019

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Vol. 1, Iss. 1

472--478

EN

The evaluation of the measurement system quality has already become an integral part of quality planning activities in both the automotive and metallurgical industries. An important assumption for obtaining the most relia ble results is compliance with the basic assumptions for evaluating the variability of the measurement system. The main goal of this paper is to analyze, how the failure to meet the basic assumptions influences the evaluation of the measurement system's statistical properties. This goal is achieved by performing a detailed analysis of the latest developments in the field of measurement systems analysis aimed at verifying the assumptions of normality and uniformity. The evaluation of the effect of non-fulfillment of both assumptions on the values of the most important statistical properties of the measurement system is performed using simulated data. Suitable graphical tools are used for practical verification of both assumptions.

5

Simulation and experimental study of SCR injection system

Du J., Zhang Y., Cai Y.

Polish Maritime Research

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2018

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S 2

49--55

EN

According to actual engineering test, we design a linear controlled spray ammonia grille, and apply it to the SCR injection system of ship tail gas treatment. In this paper, the geometric model of ammonia injection grid was built in the flue of diesel engine, and the effects of spray atomization, ammonia uniformity and urea droplet distribution on spray atomization were simulated. Then the test bench was set up to observe the injection status of the ammonia injection grille. The NOx content of the outlet was measured by the original data of the flue gas, and the experimental data were processed. We calculate the denitrification rate by taking the average value to verify the correctness of the spray ammonia grid scheme.

6

Numerical investigation of the back pressure influence on urea-water-solution mixing performance in close coupled SCR system

Rogóż R., Bachanek J., Boruc Ł., Teodorczyk A.

Journal of KONES

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2018

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Vol. 25, No. 3

377--383

EN

The upcoming Euro 6d emission standard puts more even stringent requirements for diesel engine cars, especially in the case of nitrogen oxides (NOx) emission. The most widely used technique to meet tight standards is Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) with urea-water-solution (UWS) injection. One of the crucial factors is even ammonia distribution at the catalyst inlet; hence, very often product development is focused around this issue. The product development is supported by both experimental and numerical work. The common approach to measure cross section ammonia distribution on the SCR is using sampling system at catalyst outlet. Very often exhaust layout is opened just after the SCR catalyst, cutting off the rest part for instance tailpipe or Clean-up Catalyst. Therefore, a backpressure at SCR outlet resulting from the downstream part is also eliminated. This could significantly affect flow parameters as the density changes, thus ammonia distribution and wall film deposition may vary as well. Within this work, the influence of the backpressure at SCR outlet on the ammonia distribution and wall wetting was numerically investigated. The simulations were run under various boundary conditions for the Close Coupled SCR architecture. It was shown that depending on the operating point the boundary pressure affects both factors on the different level.

7

W dobie globalizacji

Grzyś P.

Zieleń Miejska

|

2017

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Nr 6

39--40

PL

Jak podaje Organizacja Narodów Zjednoczonych, współczesny świat jest obecnie bardziej miejski niż wiejski. Co więcej, ta zależność będzie się w ciągu najbliższych lat istotnie nasilać.

8

Zalążki typizacji zabudowy mieszkaniowej początku XX wieku w pismach Alfreda Grotte

Bączkowska M.

Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Poznańskiej. Architektura i Urbanistyka

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2011

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Z. 23

95-101

PL

Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie poglądów Alfreda Grotte na zjawisko typizacji i uniformizacji w architekturze mieszkaniowej jako sposobu zaspokojenia popytu na mieszkania w latach I wojny światowej i tuż po niej. Analiza pism architekta, publikującego i projektującego na pograniczu późnego historyzmu i secesji przełomu XIX i XX wieku w Poznaniu i Wrocławiu, umożliwia odtworzenie ówczesnych tendencji w planowaniu architektonicznym i urbanistycznym. Jedną z nich była konieczność uwzględnienia w procesie projektowym nowych czynników społeczno-ekonomicznych oraz masowej produkcji przemysłowej, która pozwalała na obniżenie kosztów w budownictwie mieszkaniowym. W niniejszej publikacji na przykładzie przytoczonych idei i realizacji autorstwa niemieckich architektów zostają omówione sposoby racjonalizacji zabudowy typu Mietskaserne w centrach miast oraz szeregowej Reihenhaus w miastach-ogrodach Hellerau i Staaken.

EN

The aim of the article is to present the opinion of Alfred Grotte about the typification and uniformity in housing architecture as a way of decreasing a housing shortage during the I World War and shortly after. The architect represented the late historicism and Art Nou-veau in the architecture of Poznan and Wroclaw at the turn of the XIX and XX century. The review of his writings has enabled an analysis of the trends in urban planning and architecture design of that time. One of them was the necessity to involve new social and economical factors as well as mass industrial production into the designing process, which reduced the construction costs in housing design. The paper illustrates the ideas and buildings designed by German architects, which serve as an example of rationalization of'Mietskaserne' in the city centers and terraced 'Reihenhaus' in the garden-cities Hellerau and Staaken.

9

Pomiary równomierności oświetlenia matryc LCD

Barczyk R., Kabziński B., Jasińska-Choromańska D, Stienss A.

Pomiary Automatyka Kontrola

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2011

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R. 57, nr 11

1355-1358

PL

Artykuł porusza kwestie pomiaru równomierności oświetlenia oraz parametrów związanych z tym zjawiskiem: współczynnika kontrastowości, nierównomierności kontrastu, luminancji i jej nierównomierności. Przedstawia powody, dla których te parametry są istotne pod względem użytkowym, oraz opisuje metody, jakimi można badać wymienione powyżej parametry. Przedstawia wyniki badań wykonanych na próbie pięciu monitorów tego samego modelu.

EN

The illumination uniformity in LCD monitors is analyzed in the paper. The phenomenon is described and explained by taking into consideration the following parameters: contrast ratio, luminance, uniformity of display contrast, and luminance. No defined measurement method of these values exists (except partially different standards by ISO, VESA, ANSI). The method which unify and minimize measurements is described in the paper. The same measurement points are used to measure all parameters under consideration. Luminance measurements are made in a dark room, on center of a screen surface emitting white color. The same is also used in uniformity measurement (Eq. 1). It describes luminosity difference values in different places of monitor. Contrast ratio (Eq. 2) measurements were made using electronic set of photodiode and transimpedance amplifier in one structure (Fig. 2). Uniformity measurement of display contrast have been made in few points, defined by VESA organization (Figs. 3, 4, 5, 6). 5 monitors of the same model were tested (Tab. 1). Contrast ratio show significant difference for each monitor and between each other. Similar results are for luminance and luminance uniformity (Tab. 4) where difference in uniformity reached almost 40%. Type of monitor backlight is main cause of poor uniformity, but also quality of LCD matrices may have influence on overall comfort of using such moni-tors. The results show that luminance and contrast uniformity should be given in technical specification of products.

10

Quality assurance in the european higher education area

Karkoszka T.

Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering

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2009

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Vol. 37, nr 2

759-766

EN

Purpose of the presented paper aims at motivating the necessity of assuring the quality in higher education by implementation of the quality management system Design/methodology/approach covers the characterisation of strategic aims of the higher education, mostly - the principles of performance of higher education systems making possible the European cooperation and the comparability of the mechanisms and the results of activity. Findings of the carried out research are as follows: implementation of the rules of higher education system should ensure: level of education being the quality standard, coherent educational system allowing for mobile choice of the place of education, universal accessibility of education, lifelong education as well as recognition of knowledge, skills and qualifications in all countries of European Union. Practical implications: refers to any university which wants to assure quality in education by taking part in the Bologna Process. Originality/value: of the presented paper belongs to the idea and the progress of the Bologna Process as a European widespread venture aiming at establishing the European Higher Education Area and determination of the directions of development of higher education and the research systems.

11

Podstawowe założenie teoretyczne Principles Of Geology(1830-33) Charlesa Lyella

Gęgotek J.

Kwartalnik Historii Nauki i Techniki

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2008

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R. 53, nr 3-4

227-257

EN

The aim of the paper is reconstruction of basic ontological assumptions revealed in the Charles LyelFs Principles of Geology. The most important of them was the principle of uniformitarianism. Unfortunately, Lyell never gave precise and unambiguous formulation of the principle, and, as a consequence, opinions about its meaning are discrepant. Analysis of the Lyell's reasoning revealed that he treated it as a principle of uniformity of geological laws and of kind and degree of geological factors. On the other hand, he did not accept uniformity of geological results and did not accentuate gradualism as strong as many commentators suppose. For Lyell the Earth was the place of incessant changes, but the changes did not have determined direction, there were neither progressive, nor regressive. The Earth was therefore in the equilibrium, in the 'steady-state' condition. Another important feature of the geological changes in Lyell's theory was their limited predictability. This was the result of the complexity of the geological system, of the nature of the main geological factor - earthquakes, and of methodological assumption of Lyell, who wanted not only to present general, theoretical model of changes, but also to take into consideration concrete, particular phenomena. Lyell distinguished two main classes of geological factors - igneous and aqueous ones. On the other hand, he diminished the meaning of organic factors in the transforming of the Earth crust. In his explanations, Lyell appealed mainly to naturalistic, secondary causes and to factors internal towards to Earth system. One of the most important problems for Lyell was defining a place for the man in the geological system. He had to harmonise the thesis of recent appearance of human beings on the Earth with the evidence of their influence on the Earth surface and the conviction about special place of the man with naturalism of geological method. As a result, he constructed unique form of dualism. As the physical side of the man he classified all these human qualities, which have influence on the nature (also some qualities of human mind), as the moral side - only these ones, which do not have such influence, e.g. consciousness. Especially crucial element of Lyell theory was his notion of geological time. In the concept of this category one can notice tension between attitude characteristic for physician and for historian. Geological time was for Lyell not only extremely long, but also as if 'extensible'. It might have almost arbitrary value. Lyell's idea of time is located between the notion of 'time's cycle' and 'time's arrow'. There was the sequence of non-cyclic, but also non-directional changes. All ontological ideas played an important role in the Lyell theory. He presented only these explanations, which were compatible with them.

12

Próba określenia wpływu parametrów roboczych kołeczkowego zespołu wysiewającego oraz szerokości międzyrzędzi i prędkości siewu na równomierność dozowania nasion pszenicy

Rawa T., Markowski P., Lipiński A.

Inżynieria Rolnicza

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2005

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R. 9, nr 7

255--263

PL

Badano wpływ prędkości wałeczka wysiewającego i szerokości szczeliny roboczej w kołeczkowym zespole wysiewającym oraz szerokości międzyrzędzi i prędkości siewu na równomierność dozowania nasion pszenicy przy dawce wysiewu 250 kg/ha. Wykazano, że spośród badanych czynników istotny wpływ na równomierność dozowania nasion, ma szerokość międzyrzędzi i prędkość obrotowa wałeczka wysiewającego. Z analizy regresji wielu zmiennych z krokową procedurą eliminacji zmiennych nieistotnych otrzymano równanie stopnia pierwszego, zawierające tylko jeden czynnik - szerokość międzyrzędzi.

EN

The influence of speed of sowing roller, width of working crevice of pin sowing unit, width of area between the rows as well as speed of sowing on uniformity of wheat seeds dosage, at the rate of 250 kg/ha, was investigated. Among studied factors the essential influence on uniformity of seeds dosage had width of area between the rows and rotational speed of sowing roller. The analysis of multivariable regression with step reduction of variables let receive linear equation, including only one factor – width between the rows.

13

Próba oceny wydajności i równomierności dozowania nasion pszenicy kołeczkowymi zespołami wysiewającymi przy wysiewie dolnym i górnym

Lipiński A., Markowski P., Rawa T.

Inżynieria Rolnicza

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2004

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R. 8, nr 4, t. 2

69--76

PL

Badaniami objęto sześć rodzajów kołeczkowych zespołów wysiewających stosowanych w siewnikach uniwersalnych. Stwierdzono, że zastosowanie wysiewu górnego pszenicy przy użyciu kołeczkowych wałeczków wysiewających wymaga zwiększenia, w stosunku do wysiewu dolnego ich prędkości obrotowej od 1,3 do 2,1 krotnie. Stwierdzono także, że równomierność dozowania nasion przy dawce 220 kg/ha nie zależy od rodzaju wysiewu (dolnego i górnego) i rodzaju wałeczka wysiewającego, za wyjątkiem wałeczka do wysiewu nasion grubych zastosowanego przy wysiewie dolnym.

EN

Six kinds of pin sowing units used in universal seeders were the object of this study. It was stated that used pin units to upper wheat sowing, in relation to bottom one, the 1.3÷2.1-fold increase in their rotational speed is required. Uniformity of seeds dosage at dose the seeds of 220 kg/ha was not depended on kind of sowing (bottom and upper) and kind of sowing roller, for except of roller to large seeds applied at bottom sowing.

14

Model nierównomierności rozdrabniania wielootworowego

Al-Zubiedy A. M., Flizikowski A.

Zeszyty Naukowe. Mechanika / Akademia Techniczno-Rolnicza w Bydgoszczy

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2002

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Z. 53(241)

301-309

PL

Równomierność rozdrabniania nożowego i bijakowego opisana jest fragmentarycznie. W niniejszych rozważaniach zawarty jest tok rozumowania opartego o: nowe modele funkcji celu, nowoczesne techniki informatyczne, dynamiki i energetyki procesu - uwzględniające jednak większość cech konstrukcyjnych i procesowych. Przedstawiono rozwiązanie konstrukcyjne rozdrabniacza wielotarczowego, które wypełnia postawione postulaty nierównomierności.

EN

Uniformity of the crumbling-beater process and cutting mill is rewritten in form of parts. Because of the rather complex correlations. The new model of aim functions, the new technic for programming, dynemic and energetic process, which allow the calculation of the grinding process in a multiple disc cutting mill in dependence on the con-structtive and mill process sheariness.

15

Głębokość pracy redlic siewników uniwersalnych w aspekcie zmiennych warunków eksploatacyjnych

Kogut Z.

Problemy Inżynierii Rolniczej

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1999

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R. 7, nr 3

5-12

PL

Celem badań empirycznych było określenie wskaźnika nierównomierności głębokości pracy redlic bh w naturalnych warunkach eksploatacyjnych. Jako zmienne warunki eksploatacyjne przyjęto:głębokość pracy redlic hśr i prędkość roboczą Vsr agregatu siewnik-ciągnik oraz dwa istotne różne stany doprawienia wierzchniej warstwy siewnej gleby, opisane wskaźnikiem nierównomierności powierzchni gleby bHQ i uniesieniem powierzchni gleby HO śr w stosunku do powierzchni pracy kół. Analiza korelacji wykazała istotny wpływ badanych parametrów eksploatacyjnych na jakość pracy redlic, w zależności od sposobu doprawienia warstwy siewnej oraz typu redlic. Oceny dokonano przez estymację modeli regresyjnych wielomiaThe nem stopnia II. Wyniki oceny przedstawiono graficznie na wykresach.

EN

The paper deals with empirical studies aimed to determine the uniformity (quality) of working depth of universal drill coulters under natural operation conditions. Working depth uniformity (quality) of the coulters was characterized by an index of working depth non-uniformity (bh). Following variable factors regarding operation conditions were assumed: working depth of the coulters (hśr), forward speed of tractor-drill set (Vśr) and two significantly different levels of top soil seed-bed preparation discribed by such parameters as an index of soil surface roughness (bHO) and rising of soil surface in relation to the surface of rolling wheels. Analysis of the correlation showed significant effect of considered operation parameters on uniformity (quality) of soulter working depth. The effect was differentiated depending on the way seed-bed cultivation and the type of coulters used. The stated effect was evaluated through the estimation of regression models by 2-nd order polynomial. The results of evaluation were presented in graphical forms.