Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

Underground Spaces: a Step Towards Sustainable Development in Khuzestan Province, Iran

Ghaedi Sohrab

Problemy Ekorozwoju

|

2021

|

Vol. 16, nr 1

193--200

EN

Reducing the consumption of fossil fuels using underground spaces has a significant impact on the economic, social and environmental dimensions of sustainable development. In this study, the soil layers temperature and thermal comfort in these layers were investigated to make the underground spaces in Khuzestan province. The average summer temperature in the central of Province is about 38°C, which is far from the comfort of the temperature. The surface annual temperature fluctuation in the Province varies from 23.5 in the north of the province to 28.5 °C in the southeast. Investigating the temperature fluctuation in the soil layers shows that it decreases with increasing depth, so that at a depth of 10 meters, the temperature fluctuation is approximately zero and it is equal to the annual average temperature. Therefore to 10 m depth, temperature fluctuation decreases by increasing the depth. The use of underground spaces in the Province can be taken in coping with heat and extreme sunlight, reducing energy and controlling dust and has positive effect on economic, social and environmental dimensions of sustainable development.

PL

Zmniejszenie zużycia paliw kopalnych z wykorzystaniem przestrzeni podziemnych ma znaczący wpływ na wymiar gospodarczy, społeczny i środowiskowy zrównoważonego rozwoju. W tym badaniu zbadano temperaturę i komfort cieplny warstw gleby w tych warstwach, aby stworzyć podziemne przestrzenie w prowincji Chuzestan. Średnia temperatura latem w centralnej części prowincji wynosi około 38 ° C, co jest dalekie od komfortowej temperatury. Roczne wahania temperatury powierzchniowej w prowincji wahają się od 23,5 °C na północy prowincji do 28,5 °C na południowym wschodzie. Badanie wahań temperatury w warstwach gleby wykazało, że zmniejsza się ona wraz ze wzrostem głębokości, tak że na głębokości 10 metrów wahania temperatury są w przybliżeniu zerowe i są równe średniej temperaturze rocznej. Dlatego do głębokości 10 m wraz z rosnącą głębokością zmniejszają się wahania temperatury. Wykorzystanie przestrzeni podziemnych w tej prowincji może być wykorzystane do walki z upałem i ekstremalnym nasłonecznieniem, ograniczania zużycia energii i kontrolowania zapylenia oraz ma pozytywny wpływ na wymiar ekonomiczny, społeczny i środowiskowy zrównoważonego rozwoju.

2

Problems of development of an underground transport infrastructure of cities

Pshynko Oleksandr, Radkevych Anatoliy, Netesa Mikolay, Netesa Andrii

Transport Problems

|

2020

|

T. 15, z. 1

81--91

EN

The goal of this article is to determine rational constructional and technological options for the development of underground space, in particular, the arrangement of underground parking lots under the specific hydrogeological conditions of Dnipro city. In this article, the best practices in the construction of similar facilities in the world are discussed. Arrangements for individual structural elements and structures as a whole were considered. The main resources for their implementation are determined, the most important performance indicators are calculated, their comparison is carried out and proposals for the use of individual technological concepts are developed. The experience of underground space development in Dnipro city is studied and the problems of construction of underground structures under specific difficult hydrogeological conditions are identified. The proposed technological concepts make it possible to implement such design solutions under difficult hydrogeological conditions with dense development and preservation of historical buildings in the city.

3

Influence of spatial form of underground galleries on geometry and structural design of old mine support constructions

Wieja T.

Journal Biuletyn of Polish Society for Geometry and Engineering Graphics

|

2017

|

Vol. 30

63--72

EN

This study examines the geometry of old mine support structures, starting from simple props and chock supports to polygonal supports to refined truss or basket supports. The focus is on spatial structures of mine supports, geometry of their structural components’ crossprofiles and the locking (anchor) systems. The purpose of the present study is to define the geometric and spatial relations between the actual shape of structural elements and the manmade underground spatial structure.

PL

W artykule przedstawiono analizę geometrii historycznych ustrojów konstrukcyjnych obudów górniczych począwszy od prostych obudów typu stojakowego i kasztowego, poprzez obudowy poligonalne, aż do wyrafinowanych konstrukcji typu kratownicowego i koszykowego. Analiza obejmuje struktury przestrzenne obudów oraz geometrię przekrojów elementów konstrukcyjnych i systemu ich wiązań tzw. zamków. Istotą opracowania jest zdefiniowanie relacji geometrycznych oraz przestrzennych pomiędzy kształtem ustrojów konstrukcyjnych obudów a antropogeniczną podziemną strukturą przestrzenną.

4

Underground as an integral part of the contemporary city: functional, spatial and visual aspects

Jasińska K.

Technical Issues

|

2016

|

nr 1

37--43

EN

The use of underground space creates new opportunities for contemporary cities. Underground becomes a promising location for specific technical and industrial facilities, as well as public buildings designated for recreational, commercial and cultural purposes. Due to the growing number of subterranean buildings and increasing human activity below the ground level, it is a challenge for many contemporary cities to integrate the newly emerging facilities with the existing urban structure. This paper presents review of planning and architectural approaches to an effective underground space design. The analysis of so far experience of various cities around the world shows that the functional, spatial or visual integration can contribute towards improving the quality of the urban environment as well as enhancing users' comfort. Among the factors determining the success of the contemporary underground facilities there are both the selection of the functional program and location in the urban structure as well as the detailed design solutions. During the design process the fundamental problems related to integration should be therefore addressed simultaneously at several dimensions – at the city dimension, at the district and close neighbourhood dimension, at a given facility, and sometimes even at individual space.

5

Vibration Effect of Near Earthquakes at Different Depths in a Shallow Medieval Mine

Lednicka M., Kalab Z.

Acta Geophysica

|

2016

|

Vol. 64, no. 6

2244--2263

EN

The shallow medieval Jeroným Mine is located at a distance of about 25 km southeast of the Nový Kostel focal zone where the most intensive seismic activity in West Bohemia (Czech Republic) has been documented. Permanent seismological monitoring has been carried out since 2004 in this mine. During the 2011 and 2014 seismic swarms, more than 1000 triggered records comprising almost 1500 earthquakes were recorded at the permanent station in the mine. Three short-term seismological experiments were accomplished during these swarms. Several temporary seismic stations were simultaneously placed in different parts of underground spaces which enabled comparison of vibration effect caused by near earthquakes in different parts of the mine. Although the depth of the lowest parts of mine is only about 60 m, a vibration effect generated by earthquakes from the Nový Kostel focal zone is not the same for the whole underground complex.

6

Budowle podziemnej przestrzeni miast

Madryas C.

Nowoczesne Budownictwo Inżynieryjne

|

2014

|

Nr 6

72--80

PL

Styl życia i pracy mieszkańców współczesnych miast oraz ich oczekiwania i wymagania powodują, że wzrasta popyt na wysokiej jakości usługi, szybką i wygodną komunikację, miejsca parkingowe, a także na szerszą niż dotąd obsługę podziemną infrastrukturą sieciową, tzn. zapewnienie łączności, dostaw wody i energii oraz odprowadzania ścieków. Coraz bardziej ujawnia się zapotrzebowanie na miasta 24-godzinne, czyli takie, w których pewne obszary funkcjonują całą dobę. Jest zatem oczywiste, że dostosowywana do takich celów infrastruktura techniczna musi być zdolna nie tylko do spełnienia podstawowych wymagań egzystencji ludzkiej, jak to ma miejsce obecnie, ale musi także zapewniać wysoki komfort i bezpieczeństwo, co jest możliwe tylko wtedy, jeżeli będzie kierowana przez rozwinięte systemy informacyjno-kontrolne.

EN

Global trends in the area of using urban underground space, functions which are located in such space and types of buildings assigned to them, were discussed. Basic principles of segregation of underground space in cities including the relation between the type of investment and depth of structure foundations were highlighted. On this basis, the analysis of the ways of using underground space in Polish cities was carried out and the case studies of more interesting underground structures built in our country or ones which are under construction, were presented. Directions and prospects for further development of underground building construction in Polish cities in the context of global solutions, civilization requirements and aspirations of our society were also indicated.

7

Wybrane sposoby kompensacji negatywnego odziaływania przestrzeni podziemnej na psychikę użytkownika

Pokrzywnicka K., Juchnevic K.

Zeszyty Naukowe. Architektura / Politechnika Śląska

|

2013

|

z. 53

167--176

PL

Treścią artykułu są rozważania na temat trudności i przeszkód w akceptacji (pozytywnej percepcji) występujących podczas spotkania odbiorcy z architekturą tworzoną w przestrzeni podziemnej współczesnego miasta. Nie bez odpowiedzi pozostawiono rodzące się pytanie, z czego wynika społeczna niechęć przed architekturą usytuowaną w przestrzeni podziemnej. Zwrócono szczególną uwagę na dwa aspekty związane z tym zjawiskiem: fizjologiczny oraz psychologiczny. Dostrzeżono także nowy problem badawczy dotyczący określenia, jakimi środkami można skutecznie realizować przyjazną użytkownikowi i bezpieczną podziemną przestrzeń publiczną w innowacyjnym mieście współczesnym.

EN

The contents of this article are reflections connected with difficulties and obstacles with accepting (positive perception) which occur when a recipient meets the architecture created in the underground space of a modern city. The nascent question of what the today social fear of the architecture situated in underground space is based on, wasn't left without the answer. Attention was paid to the phenomenon of the generally undisclosed social claustrophobia based on two aspects: physiological and psychological. The new research problem was also perceived. It relates to accustoming the recipient's of the architecture consciousness, in the second decade city in twenty-first century and determining which means could be used to effectively execute friendly and safe underground public space in an innovative place like this.

8

Selecting utilities placement techniques in urban underground engineering

Curiel-Esparza J., Canto-Perello J.

Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering

|

2013

|

Vol. 13, no. 2

276--285

EN

Placement of utilities has not been generally accomplished in any sustainable technique resulting in a veritable maze in high density urban areas. As underground space scarcity grows in our cities due to the increasing demands for utility services, subsurface facilities such as utility tunnels are becoming more efficient in providing the required infrastructure. There is a growing public awareness of aesthetic considerations and impatience with street cuts and their associated costs, traffic interferences, noise and accidental utility cuts. Unfortunately the lack of data and the difficulty in quantifying the intangibles has made it impossible to arrive at a reasonably accurate figure of overall negative impact on the urban environment of street cuts. Due to this, current practices of traditional trenching depending only on cost indicators remain as first option in urban planning instead of more sustainable techniques, like utility tunnels. However, it is well known that intangible costs to the public and the utilities might make the utility tunnel concept to be economically feasible in the long run. This paper presents a methodology based on AHP and Delphi processes for the selection of utilities placement techniques in which the intangibles are also assessed to avoid short-sighted urban underground planning.

9

Sposoby użytkowania górotworu na świecie i w Polsce

Przybycin A., Uliasz-Misiak B., Zawisza L.

Przegląd Geologiczny

|

2011

|

Vol. 59, nr 5

417-417

EN

Underground space is used in a number of ways, e.g. for transport infrastructure, public utility objects, for waste disposal and storing of various substances and fuels. Underground space is used for activities or facilities which cannot be realized on surface because they would be too difficult to perform or environmentally hazardous or expensive. Offices, stores, warehouses, cultural and recreation objects as well as city or intercity subways are located very shallow under the surface. At greater depth storages, tunnels and car parkings could be located. At ca. 250-3000 m of depth underground space is employed for storing natural gas, energy, fuels, carbon dioxide and radioactive waste. Underground disposal sites and storages are made in abandoned workings and pore space. The shallow part of underground space has been utilized only to a small degree in Poland. Deeper zones are used for non-tank natural gas storages in rock mass, in that in abandoned workings, underground oil, fuel and waste storages, in rock mass and in abandoned workings. At present four underground waste disposal sites are operational in Poland; there are eight underground gas storages: five in closed mine and one in a salt dome. Storing in pore space has best perspectives in Poland.

10

The interaction between thermal flows and building construction including its underground and envelope structure

Katunsky D.

Czasopismo Techniczne. Budownictwo

|

2009

|

R. 106, z. 1-B

79-86

EN

This contribution presents some indoor quality evaluation results and is also a supplement to the research project VEGA 1/0695/08 "Thermal flows in interaction of building construction and underground as well as external outdoor conditions for large space hall buildings", supported by Slovak Fund for Scientific Research. The article deals with the indoor climate physical parameter analysis in numerous types of large-volume industrial production halls, considering the effects and influence on the interior conditions in the winter and summer periods. Industrial building concepts differ from non-residential buildings or blocks of flats, which necessitate a different approach to the building structure concept proposal, the internal environment and the prognosis of heating energy consumption.

PL

W artykule omówiono wybrane rezultaty z przeprowadzonej oceny warunków wewnętrznych. Artykuł stanowi uzupełnienie projektu badawczego VEGA 1/0695/08 "Thermal flows in interaction of building construction and underground as well as external outdoor conditions for large space hall buildings", wspieranego przez Słowacki Fundusz Badań Naukowych. W artykule przedstawiono analizę wpływu fizycznych parametrów na klimat wewnętrzny w wielu rodzajach obszernych budynków halowych, w warunkach letnich i zimowych. Różnice pomiędzy budynkami przemysłowymi a mieszkalnymi i innymi budynkami niemieszkalnymi sprawiają, że konieczne jest tu specyficzne podejście przy określaniu warunków wewnętrznych i prognozowaniu zużycia energii na ogrzewanie.