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1

Study on the ankle rehabilitation device

Dao Minh Duc, Tran Xuan Tuy, Pham Dang Phuoc, Ngo Quoc Anh, Le Thi Thuy Tram

Archive of Mechanical Engineering

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2022

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LXIX, nr 1

147--163

EN

This study developed an ankle rehabilitation device for post-stroke patients. First, the research models and dynamic equations of the device are addressed. Second, the Sliding Mode Controller for the ankle rehabilitation device is designed, and the device's response is simulated on the software MATLAB. Third, the ankle rehabilitation device is successfully manufactured from aluminum and uses linear actuators to emulate dorsiflexion and plantarflexion exercises for humans. The advantages of the device are a simple design, low cost, and mounts onto rehabilitative equipment. The device can operate fast through experiments, has a foot drive mechanism overshoot of 0°, and a maximum angle error of 1°. Moreover, the rehabilitation robot can operate consistently and is comfortable for stroke patients to use. Finally, we will fully develop the device and proceed to clinical implementation.

2

Driver re-education after stroke - case study

Stasiak-Cieślak Beata, Malawko Piotr, Szczepański Tomasz, Kosmowski Piotr

Transport Samochodowy

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2021

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z. 2

3--8

EN

The article presents the characteristics of a case study - stroke survivors with unilateral neglect syndrome, mechanisms used in re-education training and elements of functional rehabilitation. The focus was on an important diagnostic problem in the field of occupational medicine and the return to driving for people after stroke. The aim of the research work undertaken was to justify the experimental description of the driver after a stroke and to confirm the possibility of returning to driving, including compulsory re-education. Literature analysis, review of legal acts, characteristics of adaptation devices and conclusions from the case study were also carried out.

PL

W artykule przedstawiono charakterystykę studium przypadku – osoby po udarze z zespołem jednostronnego zaniedbania, mechanizmy stosowane w treningu reedukacyjnym oraz elementy rehabilitacji funkcjonalnej. Skupiono się na ważnym problemie diagnostycznym z zakresu medycyny pracy i powrotu do prowadzenia pojazdów dla osób po udarze. Celem podjętych prac badawczych było uzasadnienie eksperymentalnego opisu kierowcy po udarze oraz potwierdzenie możliwości powrotu do jazdy, w tym obowiązkowej reedukacji. Przeprowadzono również analizę literatury, przegląd aktów prawnych, charakterystykę urządzeń adaptacyjnych oraz wnioski ze studium przypadku.

3

Wspomagana rehabilitacja kończyny górnej u osób po udarze

Szczęsny Artur, Zawiślak Rafał, Krawczyk Andrzej, Stańdo Jacek, Wyszyńska Elżbieta, Mróz Józef, Politowski Krzysztof

Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

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2021

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R. 97, nr 4

109--112

PL

W artykule przedstawiono techniczne możliwości wspomagania rehabilitacji kończyny górnej u osób po przebytym udarze mózgu. Przeanalizowano dostępne na rynku rozwiązania w zakresie robotów rehabilitacyjnych. Szczególną uwagę zwrócono na rehabilitację dystalnego odcinka kończyny górnej czyli ręki. Dostępne na rynku rozwiązania techniczne nie pozwalały do tej pory na skuteczne rozwiązanie problemu rehabilitacji ręki z nadmiernym skurczem mięśni. W artykule, do rehabilitacji osób z dużą spastycznością kończyny górnej, zaproponowano rozwiązanie technologiczne z wykorzystaniem elektrostymulacji.

EN

The article presents the technical possibilities of supporting the rehabilitation of the upper limb of people after a stroke. The solutions available on the market in the field of rehabilitation robots were analyzed. Particular attention was paid to the rehabilitation of the hand. Until now, the technical solutions available on the market have not allowed for an effective solution to the problem of hand rehabilitation with excessive muscle contraction. In the article, a technological solution using electrostimulation was proposed for the rehabilitation of people with high hand spasticity.

4

Kinematics and workspace analysis of a robotic device for performing rehabilitation therapy of upper limb in stroke-affected patients

Valayil Tony Punnoose, Augustine Rose Shaji

Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics

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2021

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Vol. 23, no. 3

175--189

EN

Purpose: Exoskeleton robots generally have multi-functions and one such function is doing rehabilitation therapy in upper limb and lower limb in stroke-affected patients. A novel hybrid (serial-parallel) robot manipulator was proposed in this paper for rehabilitation of upper limb and its kinematics are studied systematically. This robot manipulator intends to perform wrist flexion, wrist extension, wrist radial deviation, wrist ulnar deviation, elbow flexion, elbow extension, elbow pronation and elbow supination motions. The contemporary mechanical designs especially the kinematic structure of upper limb exoskeleton robots have a unique feature that is, almost all of them use serial manipulators, and few others used parallel manipulators. The kinematic structure of the proposed robot is that of a hybrid manipulator (two parallel manipulators connected in series) which has 4-degrees-of-freedom. It is composed of an upper 3SPS-type parallel manipulator and 2SPR-type parallel manipulator connected in series. Methods: The Jacobian and Hessian Matrix method was used to derive the manipulator kinematic formula for solving the displacement, velocity and acceleration. Results: A 3D model of the robotic arm was constructed and analyzed by simulation. The positioning workspace of manipulator was constructed and analyzed. Conclusions: The 3SPS-type parallel manipulator has good kinematic characteristics while performing wrist motions. The 2SPR-type parallel manipulator produced singular configuration, while performing the desired rehabilitation elbow motions, it was found to not be suitable for usage in performing rehabilitation therapy in stroke-affected patients.

5

Modelowanie wielowarstwowych osłon balistycznych minimalizujących skutki udaru

Pinkos Justyna

Zeszyty Naukowe. Włókiennictwo / Politechnika Łódzka

|

2018

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z. 74

5--65

PL

Głównym celem przedstawionej rozprawy doktorskiej była analiza efektywności balistycznej wielowarstwowych tekstylnych osłon złożonych z tkanin dwuosiowych i trójosiowych oraz ocena skutków udaru balistycznego po niepenetrującym uderzeniu pocisku. Badania efektywności balistycznej wielowarstwowych osłon balistycznych z tkanin dwuosiowych i trójosiowych podanych ostrzałowi pociskiem Parabellum 9 x 19 mm FMJ przeprowadzono w oparciu o symulacje komputerowe w programie LS-Dyna oraz eksperymentalnie w Laboratorium Badań Balistycznych na Politechnice Łódzkiej. Tkaniny dwuosiowa i trójosiowa były wykonane z tej samej przędzy, posiadały porównywalną masę powierzchniową, natomiast różniły się jedynie typem splotu. W badaniach numerycznych modele przeplatane tkanin opracowano w oparciu o rzeczywiste wymiary tkaniny dwuosiowej i trójosiowej Kevlar 29. Model 3D tkaniny dwuosiowej i trójosiowej opracowano w programie Ansys ICEM CFD. Badania numeryczne przeprowadzono dla modeli przeplatanych warstw tkanin dwuosiowych oraz trójosiowych. Dla wyselekcjonowanych wielowarstwowych pakietów przeprowadzono symulacje centralnego uderzenia pocisku z prędkością początkową 406 m/s, co oznacza, że badania prowadzono w klasie kuloodporności II pakietów balistycznych zgodnie z normą NIJ Standard (2008). Realizacja badań numerycznych dla pakietów wielowarstwowych z tkanin dwuosiowych oraz trójosiowych Kevlar 29 pokazała skalę problemu związanego z czasochłonnością wykonywania analiz numerycz-nych. Dlatego też zdecydowano się na kolejny etap badań numerycznych polegający na zastąpieniu przeplatanego modelu geometrycznego tkaniny modelem 2D o strukturze zhomogenizowanej. Badania numeryczne oceny efektywności balistycznej zhomgenizowanych wielowarstwowych powłok 2D dla pakietów z tkanin dwu- i trójosiowych umożliwiły wyznaczenie wymaganej liczby warstw spełniającej pierwsze i drugie kryterium bezpie-czeństwa. Efektywność balistyczna miękkich pakietów formowanych z płaskich wyrobów włókienniczych ma istotny wpływ na skalę udaru balistycznego powstającego podczas niepenetrującego uderzenia pocisku (ang. BABT – Behind Armor Blunt Trauma). W celu określenia efektywności balistycznej pakietów balistycznych z tkanin dwuosiowych i trójosiowych przeprowadzono eksperymentalną analizę traumy balistycznej z użyciem podłoża z plasteliny balistycznej i żelu balistycznego. W dalszej kolejności opracowano numeryczny model korpusu ciała człowieka na podstawie sekwencji obrazów z tomografu komputerowego. Weryfikacja wyników badań numerycznych wiązała się z przygotowaniem fizycznego modelu ciała człowieka o rzeczywistych wymiarach klatki piersiowej mężczyzny. Uzyskane rezultaty pozwoliły na przeprowadzenie szczegółowej analizy fizjologicznych skutków udaru balistycznego po niepenetrującym uderzeniu pocisku. Eksperymentalna i numeryczna analiza uderzenia pocisku w model ciała człowieka wykazała, że ciśnienia oraz głębokość deformacji wywierane na określone organy są zawsze mniejsze w przypadku ochrony ciała pakietem balistycznym złożonym z tkanin trójosiowych.

EN

Soft ballistic packages are the main element of ballistic shields and are a vital protective layer protecting against fire from the firearms. Multilayer soft ballistic packages used in bulletproof vests provide protection against loss of health or even save lives of representatives of the social groups whose job is to ensure the lasting national security, maintain public order in the country and provide a sense of physical safety and security of property of the citizens. All representatives of these groups deserve the specialized and most innovative personal protection. The main aim of the foregoing doctoral thesis was to obtain an optimal textile structure of a ballistic shield minimizing the physiological effects of an impact. The thesis looks closer at the triaxial and biaxial structures adopting the two-step research methodology: numerical analysis, using Finite Element Method (FEM), and experimental verification in Ballistic Research Laboratory. First of all, numerical research – hitting 9x19 mm Parabellum FMJ bullet into the multilayered ballistic package was performed. This part resulted in the numerical analysis of the conception of replacing the fabric-structured 3D object by the homogenized 2D shell using different material models. The results of numerical research were verified experimentally in the ballistic tunnel. Packages consisted of 6, 12, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 30 layers of biaxial and triaxial KEVLAR 29 fabric. On the basis of the complete research results, it was found that the proposed conception of replacing the biaxial and triaxial fabric layer by the 2D shell will fully realize the established research plan. Particularly it was proved, that through the use of different material models for the researched textile structures it is possible to obtain similar ballistic effectiveness as in the case of real textile ballistic packages. In its further part the following paper describes the methodology of the research of soft ballistic packages using standard Roma No.1 substrate in accordance with the NIJ Standard 0101.06 and the proposed substrate Clear Ballistics Gel with characteristics similar to the tissues of the human body. There were significant differences in the maximum deformation cone for the package of 30 layers of woven biaxial and triaxial KEVLAR 29, depending on the ballistic substrate applied. The vast difference in the volume of deformation of the package depending on the ballistic substrate illustrates the problem of the currently used not updated research methodology of personal protection. The use of ballistic gel as a professional ballistic substrate is reliably closer to the real conditions in which vests are used. Based on the results, it was found that if diversified ballistic substrate was applied there is a tendency for the triaxial fabric ballistic package to achieve less than the maximum deformation cone. The value is low compared to the biaxial fabric package as a result of the influence of the isotropic properties of the fabric. Medical consultations of the analyzed research problem allowed to state that the assessment of the potential effects of a ballistic trauma depends primarily on defining the anatomic location of the bullet hits. Depending on where the deformation takes place in may result in breaking of ribs, lung contusion, pleural parenchyma and in extreme cases can lead to pneumothorax or bleeding into the pleural cavity. For the package with lower deformation values the scale of internal injuries is reduced and may lead to health changes only. The last stage of the research was to determine the scale of physiological effects of a stroke during non-penetrative bullet hitting in ballistic shield. For this purpose, numerical research was conducted using the discrete model in the form of "human body – a package of ballistic – projectile" It was also a challenge to make a physical model of the human body having the most important internal organs: heart and lungs. As a result of numerical analysis and experiments, it was found that the structure of the triaxial textile enables to minimize the maximum deformation cone, and consequently reduces the physiological effects of the stroke. The ballistic package of the biaxial fabric, which is an anisotropic material, significant damage in the place of direct impact in the shock wave was observed. On the other hand, the ballistic package made of triaxial fabric shows the influence of isotropic properties meaning that the deformation may be spread over a larger area ensuring less serious deformation of the internal organs. On the basis of medical opinion it was concluded that the triaxial fabric ballistic package can minimize the occurrence of rupture of liver capsule and the emergence subcapsular hematoma and there is little likelihood of intestine or colon perforation. In the case of the analysis of the damage to the thoracic cavity it has been found that the multiaxial fabric package will help to minimize the occurrence of pneumothorax and the occurrence of the extensive hemorrhage of the lung along the ribs.

6

A Detailed Study of EEG based Brain Computer Interface

Sharma G., Sharma N., Singh T., Agrawal R.

Annals of Computer Science and Information Systems

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2018

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Vol. 14

137--143

EN

Brain Computer Interface (BCI) generate a direct method to communicate with the outside world. Many patients are not able to communicate. For example:- the patient who are suffered with the several disease like post stroke - the process of thinking, remembering \& recognizing can be challenging. Because of spinal cord injuries or brain stem stroke the patient loss the monitoring power. EEG based brain computer interface (BCI) feature is beneficial to scale the brain movement \& convert them into a instruction for monitoring. In this paper our objective is to study about various applications of EEG based signal of the different disease like spinal cord injury, post stroke and ALS (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis) etc.

7

The use of the Gait Variability Index for the evaluation of individuals after a stroke

Guzik A., Drużbicki M., Przysada G., Szczepanik M., Bazarnik-Mucha K., Kwolek A.

Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics

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2018

|

Vol. 20, no. 2

171--177

EN

The Gait Variability Index (GVI) summarizes overall gait quality, taking into account spatiotemporal parameters from a 3-dimensional gait analysis. However, there are no studies evaluating changes in gait patterns after stroke, based on the GVI. The study was designed to assess usefulness of the GVI for evaluation of gait pathology in subjects with stroke, compared to healthy individuals. Methods: Spatiotemporal gait parameters were examined in a group of 50 subjects at a chronic stage post-stroke and in 50 healthy controls. The GVI was calculated based on the 9 spatiotemporal data. Results: The findings show statistically significant differences between the values of the GVI for paretic and non-paretic limbs ( p < 0.001). Higher values of the index were identified in the case of non-paretic limb: 80.74 vs. 76.32. The GVI scores were decreased for both paretic and non-paretic limbs, compared to the controls – p < 0.001. Conclusions: The GDI score seems to be a viable tool for quantifying changes in gait pattern during evaluation of subjects with chronic post-stroke hemiparesis. Further studies should be conducted to validate the use of GVI in the post-stroke population.

8

Force analysis of shoulder joint muscles in the early phase of brain stroke

Starosta M., Kostka J., Miller E.

Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics

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2018

|

Vol. 20, no. 3

107--113

EN

Upper limb impairment in the early phase of brain stroke is one of the key problems in rehabilitation. An estimation of muscle force can be a helpful factor for functional improvement after a stroke. The primary goals of this study were to determine the muscles with the lowest force in the affected (A) and non-affected (non-A) upper limb. Moreover, the differences between men and women were compared and these values were correlated with age. Methods: One hundred (n = 35 female, n = 65 male) post-stroke patients met the inclusion criteria. The mean age of the study participants was 66.1 years. Muscle force for external and internal rotators of shoulder was measured with handheld dynamometer. Moreover, the correlation coefficients for differences in muscular force with the patient’s age were estimated. Results: Our study reports that the force of the (A) side in relation to the (non-A) was by 37% weaker. We observed about a 40% decrease in the force of the shoulder’s external rotation (female – 42%; male – 41%) and shoulder’s flexion (by 38% – female; 40% – male). Significant correlations between the muscle force and the age of post-stroke patients were also found. It was concluded that about 4 weeks after the first stroke in the patient’s life, the external rotators are the most affected group of shoulder muscles. Conclusions: Neither sex nor the side of the ischemic brain injury influence the muscle force, whereas age determines both muscle force and muscle force deficits. Older post-stroke patients demonstrate fewer deficits in muscle strength than younger ones.

9

Network analysis approach to stroke care and assistance provision: an empirical study

Szczygiel N., Santana S.

Engineering Management in Production and Services

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2017

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Vol. 9, no. 2

32--37

EN

To model and analyse stroke care and assistance provision in the Portuguese context from the network perspective. We used the network theory as a theoretical foundation for the study. The model proposed by Frey et al. (2006) was used to elicit and comprehend possible interactions and relations between organisations expected to be involved in the provision of care and assistance to stroke patients in their pathway to rehabilitation. Providers were identified and contacted to evaluate the nature and intensity of relationships. Network analysis was performed with the NodeXL software package. Analysis of 509 entities based on about 260 000 entries indicates that stroke care provision in the evaluated context is best captured in the coalition-collaboration setting, which appears to best demonstrate the character of the network. Information from analysis of the collaboration stage was not sufficient to determine the network dynamics. Application of the network theory to understand interorganisational dynamics of the complex health care context. Empirical validation of the model proposed by Frey et al. (2006) in terms of its operationalisation and the way it actually reflects the practical context. Examination and analysis of interorganisational relationships and its contribution to management of compound health care context involving actors from various sectors.

10

Bayesian network aided grasp and grip efficiency estimation using a smart data glove for post-stroke diagnosis

Dutta D., Modak S., Kumar A., Roychowdhury J., Mandal S.

Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering

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2017

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Vol. 37, no. 1

44--58

EN

Stroke is one of the major causes behind the increased mortality rate throughout the world and disability among the survivors. Such disabilities include several grasp and grip related impairment in daily activities like holding a glass of water, counting currency notes, producing correct signature in bank, etc., that seek serious attention. Present therapeutic facilities, being expensive and time-consuming, fail to cater the poverty stricken rural class of the society. In this paper, on the basis of an investigation, we developed a smart data glove based diagnostic device for better treatment of such patients by providing timely estimation of their grasp quality. Data collected from a VMG30 motion capture glove for six patients who survived stroke and two other healthy subjects was fused with suitable hypothesis obtained from a domain expert to reflect the required outcome on a Bayesian network. The end result could be made available to a doctor at a remote location through a smart phone for further advice or treatment. Results obtained clearly distinguished a patient from a healthy subject along with supporting estimates to study and compare different grasping gestures. The improvement in mobility could be assessed after physiotherapeutic treatments using the proposed method.

11

Localizing impact damage of composite structures with modified RAPID algorithm and non-circular PZT arrays

Dziendzikowski M., Dragan K., Katunin A.

Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering

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2017

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Vol. 17, no. 1

178--187

EN

Detecting and localizing impact damage of composite structures is one of the key expectations towards development of structural health monitoring (SHM) systems. In this paper, a method intended to meet these requirements is presented. The developed method is based on guided waves actuation in a monitored structure. One of the methods used for damage localization with guided waves is the RAPID/PRA algorithm. This algorithm is mostly used for circular arrays of PZT piezoelectric transducers. In the paper a modification of this approach, adopted to be used for more general geometries of PZT networks is presented. Its main improvement is that predicted location of damage is less biased by inhomogeneous distributions of sensing paths, i.e. lines connecting pairs of transducers of a network, than for RAPID algorithm. The developed method was verified experimentally on composite laminated specimens with introduced damage caused by low energy impact. Detailed description of the developed algorithm as well as the results of impact damage localization tests are delivered in the paper.

12

Relationships between walking velocity and distance and the symmetry of temporospatial parameters in chronic post-stroke subjects

Guzik A., Drużbicki M., Przysada G., Kwolek A., Brzozowska-Magoń A., Sobolewski M.

Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics

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2017

|

Vol. 19, no. 3

147--154

EN

Purpose: Subjects with post-stroke hemiparesis frequently present with asymmetric gait patterns. Symmetry, reflecting similarities in temporospatial, kinematic parameters, is an important measure of gait assessment. The study was designed to examine the relationships between asymmetry of temporal, spatial and kinematic gait parameters and walking velocity and distance. Methods: Temporospatial and kinematic gait parameters were examined in a group of 50 chronic post-stroke subjects and in a group of 25 healthy controls. Symmetry ratio was calculated for all the parameters. Gait velocity was measured during 10-metre test, the walking distance during 2-Minute Walk Test, and balance during Up&Go Test. Results: The relationship between stance phase duration symmetry and gait speed was at a moderate level (r = –0.43, p = 0.0173). There was a moderate relationship between swing phase symmetry and walking velocity and distance. The findings did not show a significant correlation between step length symmetry versus gait speed and distance. Conclusions: There is a mild relationship between self-selected gait velocity and walking distance versus temporal parameters symmetry. The findings do not confirm a relationship between self-selected gait velocity and walking distance versus spatial and kinematic parameters as well as balance. Likewise, no evidence confirms that asymmetry of temporal, spatial, kinematic gait parameters changes with the age of post-stroke subjects or is related to the length of time from stroke onset. Given the above, gait symmetry may be recognized as an important indicator of the level of gait control in post-stroke patients because it enables unique gait assessment, independent from other parameters.

13

Analysis of upper limb muscle strength in the early phase of brain stroke

Starosta M., Kostka J., Redlicka J., Miller E.

Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics

|

2017

|

Vol. 19, no. 3

85--91

EN

Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the muscles with the lowest strength in nonaffected (non-A) and affected upper limb (A), to assess differences between men and women and to correlate these values with age in patients after stroke. Methods: Sixty hospitalized in Neurorehabilitation Ward patients (40 male, 20 female), 1-2 weeks after stroke, were enrolled to the study. Their age ranged from 50 to 80 years with a mean (sd) of 65,5 (18,7) years. Muscle force values from upper limb muscles were measured using the MicroFet 2 hand-held dynamometer. The results are displayed in newtons [N], mean values of muscular force, effect sizes and confidence intervals displayed as Cohen’s d and 95% CI were determined. Moreover, we made the coefficients correlation for differences in muscular force versus the Rivermead Motor Assessment (RMA) arm section. Results: Strength of (A) upper limb in comparison to (non-A) was 39% weaker. The severely affected muscle groups were the shoulder flexion 41% (women) versus 46% (men); elbow flexion 39% (women) versus 31% (men); wrist extension 36% (women) versus 42% (men). No significant correlations were found between muscle strength results and RMA or age. Conclusions: Muscle force of (A) upper limb after stroke demonstrates 39% decrease. Men show more significant decrease than women (40% vs 35%). Functional assessment in RMA values show the better results in women (4,9 ± 4,1) than men (3,4 ± 3,2).

14

Electromagnetic susceptibility of wireless relay against surge

Urbancokova H., Valouch J., Adamek M.

Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

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2016

|

R. 92, nr 5

209--211

EN

The examination of electromagnetic susceptibility of electronic devices is an important part of the process of design, development and construction of the electronic device. Surge is one of the types of electromagnetic interference and all the electronic devices must be tested on this type of interference according to international standards. Surge often occurs at the atmospheric disturbances such as lightning or at disorders in the energy of the high voltage network. The surge can cause failure of devices or even its permanent damage or destruction, in case the electronic device has insufficient electromagnetic immunity.

PL

Udary często powodowane są prze wyładowania elektryczne i zakłócenia w sieci elektrycznej. Mogą one powodować zakłócenia pracy przekaźników a nawet ich uszkodzenie. W pracy przedstawiono badania wpływu udarów na pracę bezprzewodowych przekaźników.

15

Telerehabilitation approach for patients with hand impairment

Staszuk A., Wiatrak B., Tadeusiewicz R., Karuga-Kuźniewska E., Rybak Z.

Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics

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2016

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Vol. 18, no. 4

55--62

EN

Purpose: Telerehabilitation is one of the newest branches of telemedicine which has been developed because patients need regular trainings outside the medical institution but still under specialist supervision. It helps maintain regularity of exercises and reduces costs. The professional and advanced systems for telerehabilitation are presented in papers however, there is still lack of development of minor systems which provide therapeutic values and are more accessible to people. Therefore we focus on a solution for hand telerehabilitation of post-stroke patients, based solely on a personal computer and camera. Methods: We focused on the manipulative hand (fingers, metacarpus, wrist) movements trainings for patients with cerebral palsy. The contact between patient and physiotherapist is provided by using web cameras and web service. Additionally the camera can be used to monitor the effectiveness of performed exercises. Computer vision system keeps track of the patient’s hand movement. The digital image processing is used to detect if the patient performs exercises correctly. Results: We created web service and software application TeleReh that provides therapeutic values for the hand impaired people. The created system was evaluated by three physiotherapists, one doctor and a cerebral palsy patient. Conclusions Our solution applies to all patients who have undergone basic rehabilitation in hospital and need to continue hand rehabilitation at home. The main advantages are: easily adaptation to the individual needs and abilities, monitoring the progress by using automatically generated reports after each training session. It is worth noticing, that discussion between IT specialists, rehabilitants and patients was necessary to achieve good results.

16

Terapia wzrokowa pacjentów po udarach oraz urazach mózgu

Czaińska M., Dubas K., Sobierajewicz J.

Optyka

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2015

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Nr 6

32--35

17

Udary mocy czynnej w okrętowych sieciach zasilających. Cz. II. Metoda wyznaczania mocy kompensujących

Strzelecki R., Grabarek M.

Wiadomości Elektrotechniczne

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2014

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R. 82, nr 9

19--21

PL

Przedstawiono zagadnienia związane z chwilowymi udarowymi zmianami mocy czynnej występującymi w okrętowych izolowanych sieciach zasilających.

EN

The paper presents issues related to instantaneous impulse active power changing in isolated supply networks on ships.

18

Problematyka zabezpieczenia aparatury elektromedycznej przed skutkami defibrylacji

Mocha J., Wójcik D., Sobotnicki A.

Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

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2014

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R. 90, nr 7

210--213

PL

W artykule zaprezentowano problematykę zabezpieczenia wejść urządzeń elektromedycznych przed skutkami działania impulsu defibrylującego przy zastosowaniu iskierników gazowych. Badania przeprowadzono w układzie pomiarowym zgodnym z normą PN-EN 60601-1:2011. Przedstawiono zarejestrowane napięcia i prądy na poszczególnych elementach dla różnych konfiguracji układu zabezpieczającego oraz oszacowano rozpraszaną przez nie energię. Wartości te determinują krytyczne parametry zastosowanych elementów.

EN

The article presents the issues of protection of input circuits of electromedical devices from external defibrillation shock by using of surge arresters. The study was conducted in the measurement system according to PN-EN 60601-1:2011. Registered voltages and currents on the elements for various configurations of the protection system and estimation of dissipated energy are presented. These values determine the critical parameters of the protection elements.

19

The comparison of two physiotherapeutic approaches for gait improvement in sub-acute stroke patients

Krawczyk M., Szczerbik E., Syczewska M.

Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics

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2014

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Vol. 16, no. 1

11--18

EN

The functional gait problems encountered by stroke patients include impaired balance, abnormal gait pattern with marked asymmetry, pathological trunk and spinal motion. Many different methods of physiotherapy are used to improve functional ability (especially gait) in stroke patients, but their efficacy and outcome are often not objectively assessed. The goal of this paper is to compare two therapeutic programs: one that is traditionally used in our rehabilitation facilities (exercises in lying position, “open chain” exercises, isolated movements of extremities with trunk stabilization) and the new one (exercises in vertical position, sitting or standing, “closed chain” exercises involving whole paretic side of the body). Fifty one stroke patients, aged 34 to 79 years, participated in the study. Patients were randomly allocated to one of the two groups. Patients underwent clinical assessment (Fugl-Meyer, Rivermead Motor Assessment, Berg Balance Scale) and instrumented gait analysis (using six-camera VICON 460 system) simultaneously three times: prior to the beginning of the rehabilitation program, after 6 weeks of the program, and after another 6 weeks of physiotherapy, at the end of rehabilitation program. Results demonstrated that both rehabilitation programs improved the gait function and clinical status in patients suffering from stroke. Despite the differences between the two programs the progress achieved by the patients in locomotor function is similar. Two equivalent physiotherapy programs could be applied during rehabilitation process depending on the patient’s individual preferences and needs, as the amount of functional improvement provided by them is comparable.

20

Wybrane zagadnienia w modelowaniu zagrożenia piorunowego sieci trakcyjnych dla uszynień grupowych w układzie otwartym

Wróbel Z.

Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Rzeszowskiej. Elektrotechnika

|

2013

|

z. 33 [289]

335--348

PL

W referacie przedstawiono model odcinka sieci trakcyjnej z uszynieniami grupowymi w układzie otwartym przy uwzględnieniu wymuszenia o kształcie 8/20 μs dla udaru prądowego i 1,2/50 μs dla udaru napięciowego. Do analizy przyjęto 54 sekcje uszynienia grupowego. W tym celu opracowano modele poszczególnych elementów układu: sieć trakcyjna, sieć szynowa, słup, izolator, odgromnik, udar. Zaprezentowano możliwości symulacji przy zastosowaniu programu LTspice i wykazano celowość podejmowania problemu ochrony przepięciowej sieci trakcyjnych i urządzeń sterowania ruchem kolejowym. Przedstawiono wyniki modelowania impulsowych zaburzeń elektromagnetycznych wywołanych wyładowaniami atmosferycznymi, które stanowią poważne zagrożenie dla pracy elektronicznych urządzeń sterowania ruchem kolejowym i telekomunikacyjnych. Rozeznane możliwości programu symulacyjnego z zastosowaniem przedstawionych modeli elementów sieci trakcyjnych mają charakter poznawczy i zostaną wykorzystane do dalszej analizy i oceny zagrożenia układów zasilających urządzenia srk powodowanych zwarciami i przepięciami pochodzenia atmosferycznego. Otrzymane wyniki symulacji komputerowych mogą stanowić narzędzie wspomagające pomiary i projektowanie ochrony przepięciowej.

EN

In the paper I spoke components of the model describing the accepted to the analysis system of the traction wires net with the group connection to the rail in an open system at an extortion current 8/20 µs and voltage's 1.2/50 µs. To the analysis, one section of the group connection to the rail containing 54 fragments was taken into account. For this purpose models of particular elements in the lay-out were worked out: contact line, rail return, tower, insulator, surge. I represented possibilities of the simulation at the utilization of the programme LTspice and I based the necessity of the treat of the problem of the lightning protection efficiency of railways devices. Analysed possibilities of the programme have the cognitive character and will be put-upon to further analysis and estimations of the threat of feeding parley of the rts devices caused by surges of the atmospherical origin. The results of the presented analysis that a credible simulation of the overvoltage protection can be used to choose adequate models of elements and a correct parameters estimation of the measurement and analysis.