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Impact of sintering time on structure and electrical properties of Pb-free BNT-BKT-SZ ceramics

Manotham S., Butnoi P., Khieokae M., Paengchit P., Prajansri P.

Archives of Materials Science and Engineering

2024

Vol. 126, nr 2

49--57

Purpose: The work focuses on preparing and characterising BNT-based ceramics via a solid-state method. To investigate the phase, microstructure, and physical and electrical properties of BNT-based ceramics. Design/methodology/approach: Lead-free piezoelectric bismuth sodium titanate – bismuth potassium titanate – stronsium zirconate (BNT-BKT-SZ) ceramics were fabricated by the solid-state reaction method. The effect of sintering temperature with soaking times of 2, 4, and 6 h at 1150°C on structural, microstructure, density, porosity, and electrical properties was examined. The phase formation of the ceramics was examined using X-ray diffraction (XRD). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) (JEOL JSM5910LV) was employed to investigate ceramic microstructure. The bulk density and mechanical properties of the sample were measured using Archimedes’ method, respectively. The electrical properties of ceramics, such as dielectrics, ferroelectrics, and piezoelectrics, were investigated. Findings: XRD showed all samples had a single perovskite structure and no secondary phase. All sintered samples at different temperatures have a coexisting phase boundary between the rhombohedral phase and the tetragonal phase. The sintered ceramic at 1150°C with a soaking time of 4 h shows a maximum density of 5.89 g/cm3. In addition, the temperature at which the sintering process is carried out substantially impacts the electrical characteristics. Dielectric and electric field-induced strain (Smax) properties that sintered at 1150°C with a soaking time of 4 h exhibited the highest values of 4.489 and 0.39% (d33* of 650 pm/V), respectively. Research limitations/implications: The impact of the coercive field on the electrical breakdown characteristics of ceramics should be investigated further in the course of research that has to be carried out. Practical implications: The characterisation confirmed the effects of sintering temperature on the physical, phase, microstructure, and electrical properties of BNT-based ceramics. Originality/value: Such research demonstrates a suitable sintering temperature for producing BNT-BKT-SZ. The mechanical and electrical properties of a material are dependent on its sintering parameters. The ceramic system is suitable for piezoelectric and/or energy storage applications.