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Effects of the tide on the temporal and spatial physicochemical structure of the Kienké river estuary (South Atlantic Coast of Cameroon, Kribi) and its phytoplankton

Mama Anselme Crépin, Ghepdeu Gisele Flodore Youbouni, Fossi Tankoua Olivia, Bonga Manfred Desire, Abouga-Bodo Willy Karol, Mandeng Thérésa Irma, Owona-Edoa François Désiré, Tangko Noel Chuye, Ngoupayou-Ndam Jules Rémi

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

2023

Vol. 52, No. 1

20--40

The present work aimed to understand the physicochemical and phytoplanktonic structure of the Kienke estuary water in the urban area of Kribi town in relation to human activities and fluvial or oceanic influences. Field investigations and laboratory work were devoted to the sampling and measurement of some physicochemical and biological parameters, specific treatments and classical statistics (descriptive, multidimensional) of variables. Estuary water is characterised by an instability and spatio-temporal variations in its physicochemical parameters. The most sensitive parameters are as follows: a temperature ranging between 22.6°C and 31°C under the influence of atmospheric variations, electrical conductivity and salinity that are relatively high (0.22 < C. E < 49.70 mS cm-1; avg =16.56 mS cm-1; 0 < Sal < 29.32 PSU; avg = 11.51 PSU), and a pH that is overall acidic to basic (6 < pH < 8.86; avg = 7.75 ± 0.82). The nutrients variation (ammonium, nitrite, nitrate and orthophosphate) is very low in space and time, with a longitudinal distribution controlled by tidal flows, river flows and the biological pump. For the 64 samples collected, 167 phytoplankton taxa were identified. The most abundant (36.36%) were Chrysophyta Division, followed by Chlorophyta. Species richness is marked by brackish water taxa. According to this structure and the combination of both gradients, mineratilisation and organic matter enrichment is of a physicochemical typology, and the biotypology is hydrotypologically dependent.

Regionalizacje, typologie i wyznaczania sezonów klimatycznych z zastosowaniem analizy skupień

Bednorz E., Kolendowicz L., Bielec-Bąkowska Z., Bokwa A., Żelazny M., Kicińska B., Lewik P., Nowosad M., Ustrnul Z.

Przegląd Geofizyczny

2003

Z. 1-2

11-32

In the paper are presented examples of regionalisation, typology and delimiting climatic seasons, completed with chosen cluster analysis methods: K-means, Ward's and Wroclaw dendrite. The methods were used to distinguish atmospheric circulation regions on the Northern hemisphere, thunderstorm regions and sulphur dioxide pollution regions in Poland, and snow-cover regions in North-Western Poland. Moreover, atmospheric circulation seasons, skiing seasons and thermal seasons were defined. The methods were also used for typology of thermal structure in the air layer near the ground, and for an attempt to define the relations between physical-chemical features of precipitation and meteorological conditions. The presented examples prove that it is possible to approach the problems of regionalisation and typology in climatology in a new way, namely without a priori assumptions, without imposing at the beginning the elements determining the spatial pattern of a phenomena. Additionally, it is very important that such an analysis requires from the researcher independence, responsibility and lot of criticism while interpreting the results, especially using non-hierarchical methods. Finally, the presented methods allow us to obtain the image of both spatial and temporal differentiation of chosen elements.