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Headlights type approval requirements and on field requirements - technical impact on safety

Targosiński T.

Journal of KONES

2012

Vol. 19, No. 4

625-632

On field requirements for headlights are significantly dependent on type approval requirements. But the type approval requirements are described differently than exploitation requirements. They assume that basic photometrical requirements tested during type approval are met. But this assumption is not described and checked. Finally on field real headlamp photometric values could be significantly different than expected because depends on factors as light source geometry tolerance, headlamp design sensitivity for filament geometry, possible precision of aiming/levelling method. Moreover drivers and services awareness of this situation is not meaningful. As result safety during nighttime traffic is significantly deteriorated. In paper are described important factors concerned way of defining present type approval requirements. It concern the way of defining of photometric criteria for vertical measuring screen in fixed distance, choice of points and zones for assessment, limits and their restrictions. Also differentiation of requirement in dependence on light source used is analysed as well as some other important factors. The important issue is glare caused by headlights and their restriction in type approval requirements. It is also analysed influence on headlights performance on field conditions as result of lack of reference to imperfect but defined type approval photometric requirements. The visual aiming on the base of cut-off line and subjective judgement is the only way to allow use of vehicle. Moreover as well service as drivers believes that this is sufficient for safety driving at night with speeds allowed by common road traffic law.