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An Analysis of Eruption of the Sun Detected by Solar Radio Burst Type I

Hamidi Z. S., Shariff N. N. M., Arifin S., Monstein C.

International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy

2015

Vol. 47

139--146

Type I solar burst were identified based on data recorded by CALLISTO BLEIN, Switzerland in the period of 17th of January, 2011. Solar Radio Burst Type I is one of the main type of solar burst which is believed to provide a diagnostic of electron acceleration in the corona. This noise storm burst is associated with emerging and growing active regions and last from hours to days. It can be observed that solar radio burst type I is formed within four minutes, although the number of sunspots is just 15. The results of the recent time indicate that Sunspot group 1147 has been mostly quiet since it rounded the eastern limb, but previous week's far side activity shows it is capable of significant eruptions. In 2011, only one day has been detected with spotless day, which means that it is about 7% of overall cases. Probabilities for significant disturbances in Earth's magnetic field are given for three activity levels: active, minor storm, severe storm. From the current conditions in the space weather website on 16th January 2011 that is the first event was shown that the solar wind occurred with a speed of 433.2 km/second while its density about 3.2 protons/cm3. Besides the solar wind, X-ray solar flare with 6 hours maximum: B1 at 1846 UT and 24 hours: B2 at 1544 UT were detected. While type I seem to be an indicator of pre-solar flare and CMEs, on the observational analysis, we could not directly confirmed that this is the only possibility, and we need to consider other processes to explain in detailed the injection, energy loss and the mechanism of the acceleration of the particles. We could conclude one active region will not produce a huge explosion of solar phenomena.

On the elastic energy invariance of crystal twins

Glüge R.

Archives of Mechanics

2010

Vol. 62, nr 6

441-464

An analysis by Zanzotto (1992, 1996) showed that, if crystal twinning is considered as a material symmetry operation, the symmetry groups of many crystals that form twins correspond to the unimodular group, which is the symmetry group of elastic fluids. It is therefore evident that an elastic modelling based on an elastic energy that includes any possible combination of twin system activation must fail. However, one may try to construct an elastic energy which includes only the stressfree configurations of the parent and the first order twins. It is known that, even under this restriction, many twinning modes exhibit an elastic energy invariance, which renders them indistinguishable in terms of the elastic energy. In this article, it is demonstrated that this energy invariance holds for all compound twins. The implications of the latter are discussed. It is suggested to distinguish between crystallographically equivalent and crystallographically distinct compound twins, since different implications regarding the elastic energy invariance emerge.