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Road Tests of a Two-Wheeled Vehicle with the Use of Various Urban Road Infrastructure Solutions

Szymlet Natalia, Lijewski Piotr, Kurc Beata

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2020

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Vol. 21, nr 7

152--159

EN

Road traffic is a common phenomenon in cities, and all urban road users suffer its negative effects. Therefore, the subject of this article is a comparative analysis of the exhaust emissions of toxic compounds and the operating parameters of two-wheeled vehicles measured under real operating conditions. The comparison applies to two drive cycles: in the first, the vehicle was travelling in standard city traffic (without using the bus lanes), while in the second, the vehicle travelled on bus lanes, whenever those were available. Such analysis made it possible to evaluate the ecological usefulness of bus lanes by assessing the exhaust emissions and the travel time of the test vehicle. For this purpose, an analysis of the exhaust emission values in time was performed for gaseous compounds (HC, CO, CO2, NOx) from a scooter equipped with a 125 cm3 displacement engine with a maximum power of 9 kW. The tests were carried out under real operating conditions in the city of Poznań. The route has been chosen so that it consisted of roads with a number of bus lanes. AXIONR/S+ mobile apparatus belonging to the PEMS (Portable Emissions Measurement Systems) group was used in the research. The device is one of the most modern measuring instruments, where the entire device is a suitcase weighing only 18 kg containing two analyzers for measuring the concentrations of both gaseous and solid exhaust components.

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Analysis of Research Method, Results and Regulations Regarding the Exhaust Emissions from Two-Wheeled Vehicles under Actual Operating Conditions

Szymlet Natalia, Lijewski Piotr, Sokolnicka Barbara, Siedlecki Maciej, Domowicz Andrzej

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2020

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Vol. 21, nr 1

128--139

EN

The subject of this article was the analysis of the current state of legislation regarding the exhaust emissions from two-wheeled vehicles. The regulations and emission limits were analyzed and compared for different areas of the world. Moreover, the review of the legal provisions includes an individual approach to specific categories of two-wheeled vehicles. The study also describes the research and exhaust emission measurement methods from mopeds and motorcycles both under laboratory conditions and in actual operation. The methods were evaluated in the aspect of future emission requirements and trends. In addition, the results of emissivity measurements under actual operating conditions obtained in the Poznań agglomeration with the use of motorcycle units were discussed and analyzed. The values of road emissions of all toxic compounds limited by legislators were compared with emission standards.

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Совершенствование методики расчета скорости двухколесных транспортных средств при реконструкции ДТП

Evtukov S. A., Brylev I. S.

Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Częstochowskiej. Budownictwo

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2015

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Z. 21 (171)

51--58

RU

Действующий методический аппарат в органах системы Министерства Юстиции РФ не имеет методов (точнее не имеет четкой позиции по применению отдельных методик, успешно используемых в зарубежной практике уже более 25 лет) позволяющих решить частные инженерные задачи, такие как установление затрат энергии на деформацию ТС, определение фактических траекторий перемещений ТС, определение скоростей движения объектов к моменту контакта и их пространственное положение в заданный момент времени до столкновения. Данные недостатки действующей системы во многих случаях приводят к невозможности определения параметров отдельных фаз механизма ДТП (сближение - контакт - разлет) или полной невозможности реконструкции механизма ДТП. Что как следствие приводит к невозможности доказательства или опровержения причинной связи в действиях водителей и наступивших последствий. В настоящий момент, эксперты по анализу дорожно-транспортных происшествий Института безопасности дорожного движения СПБГАСУ занимаются научно-исследовательской деятельностью, собирают данные динамических параметров мотоциклов. При этом исследуются тормозные механизмы мотоциклов, имитируется падение (волочение) мотоцикла совместно с манекеном для выявления зависимостей параметров торможения в конкретно рассматриваемой ситуации, для выведения зависимостей, необходимых для расчета скорости мотоцикла. Это позволит универсализировать механизм расчета скорости движения мотоцикла к моменту столкновения исходя из различных вариаций как контактно-следового взаимодействия так и стадий сближения и разлета. Тем самым, проводимые исследования позволят повысить достоверность определения причин ДТП с участием мотоциклов и точность реконструкции механизма ДТП в экспертных исследованиях.

EN

The operating methodical device in bodies of system of the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation has no methods (has no accurate position on application of the separate techniques successfully used in foreign practice already for more of 25 years) allowing to solve a private engineering problem, such as an establishment of expenses of energy on HARDWARE deformation, definition of actual trajectories of movings of the HARDWARE, definition of speeds of movement of objects by the time of contact and their spatial position during the set moment of time before collision more precisely. The given lacks of operating system of many cases lead to impossibility of definition of parameters of separate phases of the mechanism of road accident (rapprochement - contact - scattering) or a blank impossibility of reconstruction of the mechanism of road accident. That as a consequence furnishes to impossibility of the proof or a causal relationship refutation in actions of drivers and the consequences. At the moment, experts in the analysis of road and transport incidents of Institute of safety of traffic SPBGASU are engaged in research activity, collecting the data on dynamic parameters of motorcycles. Brake mechanisms of motorcycles are thus investigated, falling (drawing) of a motorcycle together with a dummy for revealing of dependences of parameters of braking in particularly considered situation, for deducing of the dependences necessary for calculation of speed of a motorcycle is simulated. It will allow to universalize the mechanism of calculation of speed of movement of a motorcycle by the time of collision proceeding from various variations as crash interactions and rapprochement and scattering stages. Thereby, conducted researches will allow to raise reliability of definition of the reasons of road accident with participation of motorcycles and accuracy of reconstruction of the mechanism of road accident in expert researches.