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Badania eksperymentalne własności turbulencji rzecznej w Polsce

Rowiński P.

Przegląd Geofizyczny

1999

Z. 4

231-255

The present paper provides an overview of experimental investigations of the structure of river turbulence in open channels and lowland rivers in Poland. Domestic results were presented against the background of the selected investigations from the very rich world literature. In Poland only the information on on-dimensional properties of turbulence in lowland sand-bed rivers was obtained (Świder, Wilga, Marew and Wisła rivers). However, very interesting topics were considered like the influence of sand waves motions on the turbulence properties, the structure of river turbulence behind discharges from power stations, as well as unique experiments during the passage of flood waves in rivers. Laboratory studies embraced regular investigations in rectangular channels as well as the investigations in compound channels with vegetated flood plains among others. In most studies the main characteristics of turbulence and basic hydraulic and morphometric, quantities were computed. The analyses concerned the spatial distributions of velocity values, kinetic energy of turbulence, turbulence intensity and the dissipation rate of energy. The quantitative estimations of the scales of turbulence were carried out on the basis of analysis of frequency spectra, auto-correlation , and structure functions. Various empirical formulae were derived and checked. The investigated velocity spectra and structure functions were usually characterized by the existence of the inertial sub-range. We assert that further studies are necessary and they should include three-dimensional structure of river turbulence together with generated coherent structures.