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Analiza bezpośrednich skutków awarii w elektrowni jądrowej Fujushima Daiichi skażenie radioaktywne

Rzymkowski Krzysztof

Postępy Techniki Jądrowej

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2019

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z. 1

2--6

PL

W opracowaniu przedstawiono wnioski z analizy skutków awarii w elektrowni jądrowej Fukushima Daiichi oraz powstałe zagrożenie radiacyjne w jej wyniku.

EN

Analysis of cosequences of Fukushima Daiichi Power plant incydent with respect to resulting radioactivity threat is prsented.

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Wiszące miasta przyszłości

Fedyczkowski Z. E.

Środowisko Mieszkaniowe

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2013

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nr 11

114--129

PL

Celem artykułu jest zaprezentowanie autorskiej wizji miast przyszłości. Dziś największym niebezpieczeństwem dla miast są postępujące zmiany klimatyczne i związane z nimi zagrożenia. Ok. 1/6 populacji żyje na terenach nadmorskich, skrajnie narażonych na kataklizmy, a tereny zagrożone są, paradoksalnie, najchętniej zasiedlane. Rośnie częstotliwość kataklizmów (huragany i tsunami), potwierdzony jest stały wzrost poziomu morza, a systemy obronne i infrastruktura miast nie rozwija się. Tragicznym przykładem jest Nowy Jork, zdewastowany przez huragany Irene (2011) i Sandy (2012). Proponowane rozwiązania budowania tam i ewakuacji ludności są niezdecydowane, kosztowne i nie dają gwarancji bezpieczeństwa. Proponowane rozwiązanie to bezwzględne podniesienie wszystkiego, co użytkuje człowiek – budynków i infrastruktury. Lekkie, wytrzymałe struktury wiszące znakomicie spełnią to zadanie. Miasto na wysokości funkcjonuje w czasie kataklizmu, do każdego obiektu jest dostęp, a ludzie każdorazowo nie tracą całego dobytku. „Wiszące miasta” są nie tylko bezpieczne, ale także piękne i przyjazne. Połączenia między budynkami, zagospodarowane dachy i podniesione przestrzenie publiczne są postulatami, które w przekonaniu autora powinny być wymagane zawsze i wszędzie, aby upiększać miasta i sprzyjać życiu publicznemu.

EN

The objective of this article is to present an authorial vision of the cities of the future. These days, the worst threat to cities is the progressing climate change with the related phenomena. About one sixth of the global population lives in seaside areas which are extremely exposed to cataclysms but endangered zones are, paradoxically, most inhabited. The frequency of disasters (hurricanes and tsunamis) is rising, a constant increase in the sea level is proved, whereas defensive systems and urban infrastructure are not developing. A tragic example is New York devastated by hurricanes named Irene (2011) and Sandy (2012). The proposed solutions of building dams and evacuating people are shaky, costly and do not guarantee safety. A suggested solution is to raise everything that man uses: buildings and infrastructure. Light, durable hanging structures will fulfill this assignment excellently. A city at a height still functions during a disaster – there is access to every object, while people do not lose their entire belongings each time. “Hanging cities” are not just safe but also beautiful and friendly. Connections between buildings, developed roofs and raised public spaces are postulates which – in the author’s opinion – should be required always and everywhere in order to beautify cities and support public life.

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Appraisal of tsunami inundation and run-up along the coast of Kanyakumari District, India - GIS analysis

Chandrasekar N., Immanuel J.L., Sahayam J.D., Rajamanickam M., Saravanan S.

Oceanologia

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2007

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No. 49 (3)

397-412

EN

On 26 December 2004, a tsunami severely affected almost all the coastal villages of Kanyakumari District, India. It was one of the worst affected coastal sectors of South India. An attempt has been made here to assess the impact of the tsunami hazard on coastal landforms and the level of inundation using GIS techniques. The areas of inundation were surveyed and mapped by fixing regular transects along the coastal regions. The percentage of inundated area in the total area was estimated. It was found that inundation was higher on low-lying coasts and relatively less on elevated coasts. In some cases, the extent of inundation was a few kilometres in relation to other coasts, but the percentage of inundated area in the total coastal area was high. The extent of inundation along the study area varied from 50 m to 450 m. Inundation was minimal in coastal villages like Kanyakumari, Agastheeswaram, Madhysoodhanapuram and Dharmapuram, but extensive at Colachel. The percentage of inundated area in the total area ranges from 8% (Dharmapuram) to 39% (Colachel). The degree of inundation was controlled by coastal geomorphological features such as sand dunes, cliffs, coastal vegetation, nature and configuration of the beach, not to mention the angle and velocity of the invading tsunami surge.

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Trzęsienia ziemi i tsunami

Grad M.

Przegląd Geofizyczny

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2005

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Z. 1-2

47-58

EN

The seismicity of the Earth is described briefly, together with the largest earthquakes in XX century and the most destructive known earthquakes in the world. Schema of the tsunami generation mechanism is shown and the most destructive tsunamis in years 1850-2000 are listed. Two strong earthquakes and tsunamis, the greatest in the modern world, the Lisbon earthquake of 1 November 1755 (over 60,000 casualties) and Sumatra-Andaman earthquake of 26 December 2004 (about 300,000 casualties) are described. Finally, some problems of earthquake and tsunami monitoring in the context of tsunami warning system are discussed.

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Propagation of large destructive waves

Langtangen H. P., Pedersen G.

International Journal of Applied Mechanics and Engineering

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2002

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Vol. 7, no 1

187-204

EN

In this paper, we discuss some critical aspects of standard numerical models for tsunami simulation. We evaluate the importance of dispersion in open sea and demonstrate that the Boussinesq equations offer a surprisingly good balance between accuracy and mathematical simplicity for tsunami problems. Numerical artifacts of wave propagation in discrete media, with emphasis on effects of staircase boundaries commonly used in finite difference models, are also exemplified. Our conclusion is that tsunami simulation needs different partial differential equations, treated by different numerical techniques and implementations, in different parts of the domain. This calls for a domain decomposition approach.