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Effects of age and gender on spatiotemporal and kinematic gait parameters in older adults

Tanaka Ryo, Jung Hungu, Yamashina Shunsuke, Inoue Yu, Nakamura Rinna, Toda Haruki, Imura Takeshi, Tamura Hiroyuki

Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics

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2022

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Vol. 24, no. 4

13--19

EN

Gait changes are more prominently observed in older adults than in young adults, especially in kinematics of lower extremities and trunk. These changes can result in incidental falls during gait, possibly leading to inability to perform activities of daily living independently. This study aimed to investigate the effect of gender and age on gait changes, such as spatiotemporal parameters and peak joint angles in lower extremities and trunk during gait. Methods: A total of 387 participants (223 women) were included. The Microsoft Kinect V2 sensor was used to obtain the coordinate data of lower extremities and trunk during gait. The coordinate data obtained were processed using the software. Walking speed, stride length, stride time and cadence were calculated as spatiotemporal variables of walking. Forward trunk tilt angle (FTT), hip flexion and extension, and knee flexion and extension were measured as peak angles during one-gait cycle. Participants were categorized into five groups according to age by five years. Multivariate analysis of variance was performed to compare the spatiotemporal and kinematical data among groups. Results: Significant differences among age groups were noted in terms of the walking speed and stride length. Significant differences were also observed in the FTT and hip extension angle. Conclusions: Increased gait changes, increased peak FTT and decreased peak hip extension angle were observed with an increase of age. These altered symptoms may contribute to the screening of older adults at risk of declined physical function at an early stage.

2

Drewno księżycowe jako materiał konstrukcyjny

Kownacki Dominik, Błaszczyński Tomasz

Przegląd Budowlany

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2019

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R. 90, nr 10

85--89

PL

W pracy przedstawiono koncepcję drewna księżycowego i najważniejsze jego zasady. Przedstawiono również badania potwierdzające fenomen wpływu faz Księżyca na właściwości drewna księżycowego, od fazy kiełkowania do jego cech fizykomechanicznych, tj. na gęstość czy wytrzymałość.

3

The relationship between trunk and pelvis kinematics during pregnancy trimesters

Eldeeb A. M., Hamada H. A., Abdel-Aziem A. A., Youssef A. M.

Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics

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2016

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Vol. 18, no. 4

79--85

EN

Purpose: Pregnancy is characterized by many musculoskeletal changes that affect daily living activities and walking. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of pregnancy on pelvic and trunk kinematics, and their relationship during the three pregnancy trimesters. Methods: Three-dimensional pelvis and trunk motions were measured using Qualisys Gait Analysis System in the first, second and third trimesters of pregnancy. The maximum anterior pelvic tilt and maximum trunk flexion during stance phase, pelvic tilt, obliquity and rotation, as well as trunk flexion-extension, lateral bending and rotation were measured. Results: Repeated-measures analysis of variance showed a significant increase in the maximum anterior pelvic tilt during stance phase (p=0.005), and a significant decrease in the pelvic obliquity (p=0.011), maximum trunk flexion during stance phase (p=0.0006), trunk lateral bending (p=0.005) and trunk rotation (p=0.004). A significant negative correlation was found between maximum anterior pelvic tilt and maximum trunk flexion in the first (r=-0.72, p=0.008), second (r=-0.61, p=0.03), and third (r=-0.61,p=0.03) trimesters of pregnancy. Also, there was a significant positive correlation found between pelvic obliquity and trunk lateral bending in the first (r=0.76, p=0.04), second (r=0.59, p=0.04), and third (r=0.59, p=0.04) trimesters of pregnancy. Conclusions: The pregnant women walk with an increased maximum anterior pelvic tilt, a decreased maximum trunk flexion, a decreased pelvic obliquity, as well as a decreased trunk lateral bending and rotation. Pregnancy does not affect the relationship between pelvis and trunk motions.

4

Differences in evaluation methods of trunk sway using different MoCap systems

Kutilek P., Socha V., Cakrt O., Svoboda Z.

Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics

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2014

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Vol. 16, no. 2

85--94

EN

The position of the trunk can be negatively influenced by many diseases. Several methods can be used for identifying defects in balance and coordination as a result of pathology of the musculoskeletal or nervous system. The aim of this article is to examine the relationship between the three methods used for analysis of trunk sway and compare two fundamentally different MoCap systems. We used a camera system and a 3DOF orientation tracker placed on subject’s trunk, and measured inclination (roll) and flexion (pitch) during quiet stance. Ten healthy participants in the study were measured with eyes open and closed. The pitch versus roll plots of trunk were formed, and the area of the convex hull, area of confidence ellipse and total length of the trajectory of the pitch versus roll plot were calculated. The statistical analysis was performed and strong correlation between the area of the convex hull and area of the confidence ellipse was found. Also, the results show moderate correlation between the area of the confidence ellipse and total length of the trace, and moderate correlation between the area of the convex hull and total length of the trace. In general, the different MoCap systems show different areas and lengths but lead to the same conclusions. Statistical analysis of the participants with eyes open and eye closed did not show significant difference in the areas and total lengths of the pitch versus roll plots.

5

Physical and Chemical Properties of Different Morphological Parts of Sugar Palm Fibres

Sahari J. J., Sapuan S. M., Ismarrubie Z. N., Rahman M. Z. A.

Fibres & Textiles in Eastern Europe

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2012

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Vol. 20, no. 2 (91)

21-24

EN

Recently, due to increased environmental concerns, scientists and technologists have placed great importance on the application of natural fibres, especially in biocomposites. The sugar palm tree is one of the most popular natural fibres used in engineering applications. A study on the fundamental properties of fibres from different morphological parts of the sugar palm plant, which are bunch, black sugar palm fibre, locally known as ijuk, trunk and frond was carried out in order to evaluate their potential as eventual raw materials for reinforced polymer composites. From this study, it wasd found that sugar palm frond (SPF) gives the highest tensile strength compared to the other parts, which is 421.4 N/mm2. The tensile strength for sugar palm bunch (SPB), ijuk and sugar palm trunk (SPT) is 365.1, 276.6 and 198.3 N/mm2, respectively. These results have been proven using those for their chemical compositions, where the highest cellulose content was obtained from SPF (66.5%), followed by SPB (61.8%), ijuk (52.3%), and SPT (40.6%). For water absorption testing, it was found that SPF also gave the highest percentage - 132.8%, followed by SPB, ijuk and SPT. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy was used in order to detect the presence of functional groups existing in sugar palm fibre.

PL

W ostatnich lata zwraca się szczególną uwagę na zastosowanie włókien naturalnych w biokompozytach. Pień palmy cukrowej wykorzystywany jest powszechnie do uzyskiwania włókien mających zastosowanie w aplikacjach inżynierskich. Przeprowadzono badanie właściwości włókien pochodzących z różnych części pnia dla określenia możliwości ich zastosowania jako surowca używanego do wzmacniania kompozytów. Określono części pnia palmy wykazujące największą wytrzymałość właściwą na zerwanie rzędu 198 do 365 N/mm2, najwyższą zawartość celulozy rzędu 40 - 66% i absorpcję wody rzędu 133%. Fourierowską spektroskopie podczerwieni (FT-IR) zastosowano w celu wykrycia obecności grup funkcyjnych występujących we włóknach palmy cukrowej.

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Diagnostyka rozkładu pnia

Baridon D., Suchocka M.

Zieleń Miejska

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2009

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Nr 12

30-33

PL

Zły stan zdrowotny drzew miejskich oraz zmiany klimatyczne sprawiają, że przypadki uszkodzeń powodowanych przez drzewa zdarzają się. coraz częściej. Jednym ze sposobów szeroko stosowanych w krajach europejskich do oceny statyki drzew jest wizualna metoda oceny drzew - Visual Tree Assessment(VTA).

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Mechanical energy of the trunk during walking - does the model used influence the results?

Syczewska M.

Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics

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2009

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Vol. 11, nr 4

29-35

EN

The paper presents two trunk models. In the first one, the trunk is modelled as a series of seven segments, whose dimensions and inertial properties are parametrically based on body stature and body mass. In the second one, the trunk is modelled as one rigid segment. These models are used to calculate kinetic energy of the trunk relative movement with respect to the body centre of mass. The results show that in the case of healthy subject both models give similar results, but in the case of stroke subjects the simplified model leads to the underestimation of the energy amount and does not reflect all phases of gait when energy is generated.