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Coal fly ash supported nZnO for the sorption of triphenyltin chloride

Ayanda O. S., Fatoki O. S., Adekola F. A., Ximba B. J., Akinsoji O. S., Petrik L. F.

Archives of Environmental Protection

2015

Vol. 41, no. 1

59--71

A laboratory study was performed to study the effects of various operating factors, viz. adsorbent dose, contact time, solution pH, stirring speed, initial concentration and temperature on the adsorption of triphenyltin chloride (TPT) onto coal fly ash supported nZnO (CFAZ). The adsorption capacity increases with increase in the adsorbent amount, contact time, pH, stirring speed and initial TPT concentration, and decrease with increase in the solution temperature. The adsorption data have been analyzed by Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin and Dubinin-Radushkevich (D-R) adsorption models to determine the mechanistic parameters associated with the adsorption process while the kinetic data were analyzed by pseudo first-order, pseudo second-order, Elovich, fractional power and intraparticle diffusivity kinetic models. The thermodynamic parameters of the process were also determined. The results of this study show that 0.5 g of CFAZ was able to remove up to 99.60% of TPT from contaminated natural seawater at 60 min contact time, stirring speed of 200 rpm and at a pH of 8. It was also found that the equilibrium and kinetic data fitted better to Freundlich and pseudo second-order models, respectively. It can therefore be concluded that CFAZ can be effectively used for shipyard process wastewater treatment.

Analysis of tributyltin and triphenyltin in water by ionic liquid-headspace single-drop microextraction then HPLC with fluorimetric detection

Sheikhloie H, Saber-Tehrani M, Abrumand-Azar P, Waqif-Husain S.

Acta Chromatographica

2009

Vol. 21, no. 4

577--589

A novel method using ionic liquid, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate [C 4 MIM][PF 6 ] as extracting solvent in head-space single drop microextraction followed by HPLC with fluorimetric detection has been developed for analysis of tributyltin (TBT) and triphenyltin (TPhT) in water. Experimental conditions related to SDME performance, for example micro-drop volume, extraction time, stirring rate, salt content, and sample volume were investigated. Under the optimized conditions (micro-drop volume, 10 μL; extraction time, 30 min; stirring rate, 900 rpm; salt concentration, 6%; sample volume, 6 mL), the linear range, detection limit ( S / N = 3), and reproducibility (RSD, n = 4) were 1−100 μL -1, 0.62 μL -1, and 7.8%, respectively, for TBT, and 2−100 μL -1, 0.95 μL -1, and 8.3% for TPhT. All micro-extraction experiments were performed at room temperature (25 ± 1°C). The optimized procedure was successfully used for analysis of TBT and TPhT in deionized water and waste water. Recovery of a 25 μL -1 spike was in the range 86.9–92.1%. The method has also been used for analysis of TBT and TPhT in natural water.

Butyltins and phenyltins in biota and sediments from the Lagoon of Venice

Bortoli A., Troncon A., Dariol S., Pellizzato F., Pavoni B.

Oceanologia

2003

No. 45 (1)

7-23

Sediments and organisms were sampled to determine organotin contents - butyltins (BTs) and phenyltins (PhTs) - at 12 locations in an estuarine ecosystem, the Lagoon of Venice, characterised by varying contamination impacts. The results showed that organotin contamination in sediments is at lower levels, ranging from 2.5 š 0.1 to 84 š 1 ng g-1 (d.w.) for SigmaBTs and from 0.8 š 0.2 to 7 š 1 ng g-1 (d.w.), for SigmaPHTs, than in organisms, where the highest concentrations were found in filter feeders like mussels - from 60 š 3 to 7632 š 148 ng g-1 (d.w.) for SigmaBTs and from 0.80 š 0.01 to 4005 š 121 ng g-1 (d.w.) for SigmaPHTs. The possible risk to human health was assessed on the basis of the consumption of edible species sampled in some areas of the lagoon.