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Temporal variation of seismic b‑value in the Himalayas and foreland region and its implications on crustal stress variability

Chetia Monisha, Gogoi Priti Rekha, Lahiri Siddhartha Kumar

Acta Geophysica

2023

Vol. 71, no. 4

1675--1692

The temporal variation of seismic b-values during 1964–2020 was investigated for the Himalayas and foreland lying between 69°E-98°E and 21°N-36°N covering a range of more than 3000 km in five different time windows; 1964–1974, 1975–1985, 1986–1996, 1997–2007, and 2008–2020. The b-values show a very significant variation from 0.4 to 3.3. Seismically active areas are either in the phase of incubation or the phase of trigger indicating stress accumulation punctuated release. Since each jump in the magnitude of earthquakes is associated with a logarithmic decrease in frequency, an incubation period can be treated as the occurrence of a large number of low-magnitude earthquakes (cumulative energy released is much smaller than a single big trigger); hence, large b-value and the vice-versa. Thus the low b-value anomaly zones may be regarded as high-stress accumulation zones approaching the phase of triggering. The study area was divided into six type zones based on geological, gravity and DEM (Digital Elevation Model) data. As expected, most of the large-magnitude earthquakes were seen to have occurred in the low b-value regions. A comparative study of variation in b-values with depth for two windows, the western Himalayan syntaxis and the Indo-Burma range shows differences in the stress accumulation and the triggering potential for different ranges of depths. The study reveals that in the central Himalayas and its adjoining region large-magnitude earthquakes are due in the near future as crustal stress accumulation is high in these zones.

Modeling of Synchronous Data Streams Processing in the RPC Muon Trigger System of the CMS Experiment

Poźniak K. T.

International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications

2010

Vol. 56, No. 4

489-502

This paper presents signal synchronization aspects in a large, distributed, multichannel RPC Muon Trigger system in the CMS experiment. The paper is an introduction to normalized structure analysis methods of such systems. The method introduces a general model of the system, presented in a form of a network of distributed, synchronous, pipeline processes. The model is based on a definition of a synchronous data stream and its formal, fundamental properties. Theoretical considerations are supported by a practical application of synchronous streams and processes management. The following processes were modeled and implemented in hardware: window synchronization, derandomization, data concentration and generation of test pulses. There are presented chosen results of the model application in the CMS experiment.

Elektroniczny system trygera mionowego RPC w eksperymencie CMS dla akceleratora LHC

Białkowska H., Bluj M., Bunkowski K., Czyrkowski H., Ćwok M., Dominik W., Dorba K., Früboes T., Gokieli R., Górski M., Kalinowski A., Kazana M., Kierzkowski K., Konecki M., Krolikowski J., Kudla I., Nawrocki K., Oklinski W., Pietrusinski M., Pozniak K. T., Salapa Z., Szleper M., Traczyk P., Romaniuk R. S., Wrochna G., Zabolotny W., Zalewski P.

Elektronika : konstrukcje, technologie, zastosowania

2009

Vol. 50, nr 8

240-256

W artykule przedstawiono implementację rozproszonego, wielokanałowego elektronicznego systemu pomiarowego dla Trygera Mionowego RPC w ostatnio uruchomionym eksperymencie CMS przy akceleratorze LHC w CERN. Na wstępie krótko omówiono program badawczy LHC oraz scharakteryzowano detektor CMS pod kątem wymagań metrologicznych zapewnienia dobrej rozdzielczości przestrzennej i czasowej oraz pomiarów wielu parametrów fizycznych na podstawie zarejestrowanych zderzeń cząstek. Opisano system Trygera Mionowego RPC, który jest wyposażony w ponad 200 000 niezależnych kanałów do pomiaru pozycyjnego. W części pierwszej artykułu przedstawiono strukturę funkcjonalną systemu w kontekście wymogów nakładanych przez eksperyment CMS, takich jak: globalny system trygerowania eksperymentu, akwizycja danych. W części drugiej zamieszczono opis rozwiązań aparaturowych poszczególnych części systemu pomiarowego detektora RPC oraz przykłady uzyskanych wyników testowych.

This paper presents implementation of distributed, multichannel electronic measurement system for RPC based Muon Trigger in the new CMS experiment at LHC accelerator in CERN. The introduction shortly describes the research aims of LHC and describes the metrological requirements for CMS good spatial and time resolution, and possibility to estimate multiple physical parameters from registered collisions of particles. Further the paper describes the RPC Muon Trigger consisting of 200 000 independent channels for positional measurement. The first part of the paper presents the functional structure of the system in the context of requirements put by the CMS experiment, like: global triggering system and data acquisition. The second part describes the hardware solutions used in particular parts of the RPC detector measurement system, and shows sample test results.