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Evaluation of different binder combinations of cement, slag and ckd for s/s treatment of tbt contaminated sediments

Lindh Per, Lemenkova Polina

Acta Mechanica et Automatica

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2021

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Vol. 15, no. 4

236--248

EN

The seabed in the ports needs to be regularly cleaned from the marine sediments for safe navigation. Sediments contaminated by tributyltin (TBT) are environmentally harmful and require treatment before recycling. Treatment methods include leaching, stabilisation and solidification to remove toxic chemicals from the sediments and improve their strength for reuse in the construction works. This study evaluated the effects of adding three different binder components (cement, cement kiln dust (CKD) and slag) to treat sediment samples collected in the port of Gothenburg. The goal of this study is to assess the leaching of TBT from the dredged marine sediments contaminated by TBT. The various methods employed for the treatment of sediments include the application of varied ratios of binders. The project has been performed by the Swedish Geotechnical Institute (SGI) on behalf of the Cementa (HeidelbergCement Group) and Cowi Consulting Group, within the framework of the Arendal project. An experiment has been designed to evaluate the effects of adding CKD while reducing cement and slag for sediment treatment. Methods that have been adopted include laboratory processing of samples for leaching using different binder combinations, followed by statistical data processing and graphical plotting. The results of the experiment on leaching of TBT for all samples are tested with a varied ratio of cement, slag, CKD and water. Specimens with added binders 'cement/CKD' have demonstrated higher leaching compared to the ratio 'cement/slag/CKD' and 'cement/slag'. The 'CKD/slag' ratio has presented the best results followed by the ‘cement/slag/CKD’, and can be used as an effective method of s/s treatment of the sediments. The results have shown that the replacement of cement and slag by CKD is effective at TBT leaching for the treatment of toxic marine sediments contaminated by TBT.

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The evaluation of tributyltin concentrations in the sediments of the Port of Gdynia

Radke B., Pazikowska-Sapota G., Galer-Tatarowicz K., Dembska G.

Biuletyn Instytutu Morskiego w Gdańsku

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2018

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Vol. 33, No. 1

218--222

EN

Tributyltin (TBT) may affect various organisms. TBT has been used in antifouling paints for the protection of ship hulls and hence harbor sediments may contain high concentrations of TBT. This study shows TBT concentrations found in sediments from three basins (No. V, VI, and VIII) of the Port of Gdynia. TBT concentrations ranged from 291 to 1689 ngSn·g-1 d.w. and should be classified as highly contaminated and grossly contaminated [20]. These results indicate that TBT in harbour sediments is an environmental risk that may be emphasized by dredging operations in the region. However, obtained results confirm also the global tendency for depreciating content of TBT in port sediments after the global banning on the use of TBT in 2008.

PL

Tributylocyna (TBT) może wpływać negatywnie na różne organizmy. TBT była stosowana jako komponent w farbach przeciwporostowych do ochrony kadłubów statków, dlatego też osady portowe mogą zawierać wysokie stężenia TBT. W pracy przedstawiono ocenę zawartości TBT w osadach z trzech basenów (nr V, VI i VIII) w Porcie Gdynia. Stężenia TBT zawierały się w zakresie od 291 do 1689 ngSn-g-1 s.m. i powinny być klasyfikowane jako wysoce zanieczyszczone i rażąco zanieczyszczone [20]. Wyniki te wskazują, że TBT w osadach portowych stanowi realne ryzyko środowiskowe, które może być zwiększone w wyniku prowadzenia prac pogłębiarskich w porcie. Jednakże, uzyskane wyniki potwierdzają również ogólną tendencję do zmniejszania zawartości TBT w osadach portowych w wyniku wprowadzenia zakazu stosowania TBT w 2008 roku.

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Validation of analytical method for determination of tributyltin (TBT) in soils and bottom sediments

Wojtkiewicz M., Stasiek K., Galer-Tatarowicz K., Pazikowska-Sapota G., Dembska G.

Biuletyn Instytutu Morskiego w Gdańsku

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2015

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Vol. 30, No. 1

189--194

EN

Tributyltin (TBT) belongs to the group of persistent pollutants harming the marine environment. It is a danger to many aquatic organisms, especially those inhabiting seabed sediments. TBT was used mainly in production of antifouling paints applied on ship’s hulls. Currently, it is prohibited to use most products containing TBT [6; 8; 16]. The objective of this study was to confirm applicability of the method for determining the levels of tributyltin compounds in soils and bottom sediments which remains in accordance with the HELCOM recommendations [11]. In Poland, there is no sufficient data on the levels of TBT concentrations in the Baltic Sea, which is why it is so important to monitor these compounds in the seabed sediments, where they tend to accumulate.

PL

Tributylocyna (TBT) zaliczana jest do trwałych zanieczyszczeń środowiska morskiego. Zagraża wielu organizmom wodnym, zwłaszcza bytującym w osadach dennych. TBT wykorzystywana była głównie do produkcji farb przeciwporostowych używanych do malowania kadłubów statków. Obecnie stosowanie większości środków zawierających TBT zostało zabronione [6; 8; 16]. Celem przeprowadzonej walidacji było potwierdzenie możliwości stosowania metody oznaczania zawartości tributylocyny w osadach dennych i gruntach zgodnej z zaleceniami HELCOM [11]. W Polsce brakuje wystarczających danych o poziomach stężeń TBT w Bałtyku, dlatego tak ważne jest monitorowanie tych związków w osadach dennych, w których się kumulują.

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Analysis of tributyltin and triphenyltin in water by ionic liquid-headspace single-drop microextraction then HPLC with fluorimetric detection

Sheikhloie H, Saber-Tehrani M, Abrumand-Azar P, Waqif-Husain S.

Acta Chromatographica

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2009

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Vol. 21, no. 4

577--589

EN

A novel method using ionic liquid, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate [C 4 MIM][PF 6 ] as extracting solvent in head-space single drop microextraction followed by HPLC with fluorimetric detection has been developed for analysis of tributyltin (TBT) and triphenyltin (TPhT) in water. Experimental conditions related to SDME performance, for example micro-drop volume, extraction time, stirring rate, salt content, and sample volume were investigated. Under the optimized conditions (micro-drop volume, 10 μL; extraction time, 30 min; stirring rate, 900 rpm; salt concentration, 6%; sample volume, 6 mL), the linear range, detection limit ( S / N = 3), and reproducibility (RSD, n = 4) were 1−100 μL -1, 0.62 μL -1, and 7.8%, respectively, for TBT, and 2−100 μL -1, 0.95 μL -1, and 8.3% for TPhT. All micro-extraction experiments were performed at room temperature (25 ± 1°C). The optimized procedure was successfully used for analysis of TBT and TPhT in deionized water and waste water. Recovery of a 25 μL -1 spike was in the range 86.9–92.1%. The method has also been used for analysis of TBT and TPhT in natural water.

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Organotins used in antifouling paints: environmental impact and contamination in a case study (Southern Venice Lagoon)

Berto D., Boscolo R., Cacciatore F., Giani M.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2006

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Vol. 35, No.3

269-283

EN

Butyltins, including tributyltin (TBT), are widely used as biocides in antifouling paints. Evidence of the damaging effect of organotin (OTs) compounds on the reproduction and growth of various marine organisms has prompted action by many countries to regulate or ban their use in antifouling products. Organotin chemical and physical characteristics, toxicity and their use in antifouling paints are described in this article. TBT concentrations in seawater were investigated in the Southern Venice Lagoon as a case study, and results indicated the continuous use of TBT-based antifouling paints.

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Przekształcanie TBT przy udziale grzyba mikroskopowego Cunninghamella elegans w obecności NaCl

Bernat A., Długoński J.

Inżynieria i Aparatura Chemiczna

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2005

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Nr 4s

7-8

EN

Tributyltin (TBT) has frequently been used in biocidal paints for marine vessels, leading to its presence in the environment. The ability of the fungus Cunninghamella elegans to TBT biodegrade (10 mg/1) in NaCI (14 g/1) presence was examined. Results of the present study demonstrated that the fungus could be used for TBT removal from contaminated water and harbors.

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Butyltins and phenyltins in biota and sediments from the Lagoon of Venice

Bortoli A., Troncon A., Dariol S., Pellizzato F., Pavoni B.

Oceanologia

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2003

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No. 45 (1)

7-23

EN

Sediments and organisms were sampled to determine organotin contents - butyltins (BTs) and phenyltins (PhTs) - at 12 locations in an estuarine ecosystem, the Lagoon of Venice, characterised by varying contamination impacts. The results showed that organotin contamination in sediments is at lower levels, ranging from 2.5 š 0.1 to 84 š 1 ng g-1 (d.w.) for SigmaBTs and from 0.8 š 0.2 to 7 š 1 ng g-1 (d.w.), for SigmaPHTs, than in organisms, where the highest concentrations were found in filter feeders like mussels - from 60 š 3 to 7632 š 148 ng g-1 (d.w.) for SigmaBTs and from 0.80 š 0.01 to 4005 š 121 ng g-1 (d.w.) for SigmaPHTs. The possible risk to human health was assessed on the basis of the consumption of edible species sampled in some areas of the lagoon.